Family planning

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2. FAMILY PLANNING
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Family planning refers to practices that help individuals
or couples to attain certain objectives;
 To avoid unwanted births.
 To bring about wanted births.
 To regulate the intervals between pregnancies.
 To control the time at which births occur in
relation to the ages of the parent.
 To determine the number of children in the
family.

3. SCOPE OF FAMILY PLANNING
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 Proper spacing and limitation of births.
 Advice on sterility.
 Education for parenthood.
 Sex education.
 Screening for pathological conditions related to the
reproductive system.
 Genetic counselling.

4. •Premarital consultation and examination.
•Carrying out pregnancy test.
•Marriage counselling.
•The preparation of couples for the arrival of their
first child.
•Providing services to unmarried mothers.
•Teaching home economics and nutrition.
•Providing adoption services.
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5. CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
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 Behavioral methods
 Natural methods
 Chemical methods
 Mechanical methods
 Hormonal contraceptives

6. BEHAVIOURAL METHODS
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ABSTINENCE
 Couples avoid or abstain from coitus from
day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle when
ovulation could be expected.
WITHDRAWL OR COITUS INTERRUPTUS
 Male partner withdraws his penis from the
vagina just before ejaculation so as to avoid
insemination.

7. NATURAL METHODS
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BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE METHOD
 The basal body temp shows a rise of 0.3-0.5 C
at the time of ovulation due to increased
production of progesteron.
 Restricted to the post ovulatory infertile periods(3
days after ovulatory temp rise-beginning of
menstrual cycle).

8. CERVICAL MUCUS METHOD
•As ovulation starts cervical mucus become
watery ;after ovulation it thickens and lessens in
quantity.
•Women should assess the characteristic of the
mucus.
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9. CHEMICAL METHOD
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Spermicids are used which on contact inhibit
oxygen uptake and kill male sperms.
1. FOAM TABLET
 Foam tablet is inserted by the women into her
birth canal.
 A foam is produced which provides a protective
coating to the whole area and kills the sperm.

10. 2. JELLY OR CREAM OR PASTE
• Jelly,cream,paste is applied in the
vagina with the help of an applicator.
• It destroy male sperms on contact with
vaginal canal.
• These are effective if used along with
a diaphragm or Nirodh.
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11. MECHANICAL METHODS
 These methods function by preventing the
live sperm from meeting the ovum.
 They provide protection from STDs,cause
reduction pelvic inflammatory disease &
protection from the risk of pelvic cancer.
 3 methods
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12. 1. CONDOM OR NIRODH
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Condom is an extremely thin rubber sheath
used by the man.
Advantages
 Simplest,effective & easily available.
 Easy to use.
 Free of side effects.
 Protective against STDs.
 Light,compact & disposable.

13. 2. DIAPHRAGM
 Vaginal barrier.
 It is a thin shallow rubber cap which is
inserted before sexual intercourse.
 They prevent the conception by blocking the
entry of sperms through cervix.
 Spermicidal creams,jellies & foams are used
along with these to increase their efficiency.
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14. Advantages
Reversible ,non invasive method.
Not interfere with sexual contact.
No risk associated with its use.
Disadvantages
Some may develop vaginal irritation,
swelling.
Cause vaginal infection if it left for 24 hours.
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15. INTRA- UTERINE DEVICES(IUDS)
 IUDs are placed inside the uterus for the
prevention of pregnancy.
 2 types
i. Non medicated
ii. Medicated
 Medicated IUDs release either metal ions
or hormones.
 Non medicated IUDs-”first generation
IUDs”(lippes loop).
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16.  “Second generation IUDs”-copper IUDs
-Cu T,Cu 7,multiload 375
“3rd generation IUDs-hormone releasing IUDs
Progestasert,LNG-20
Advantages
 Simple.
 Insertion not require hospitalization.
 Not interfere with sexual act. 16

17.  Reversible.
 Failure rate is nill.
 Free from systemic side effects.
Drawbacks
 Side effects –heavier bleeding,back
ache,abdominal cramps.
 Not advised for delaying first pregnancy.
 Some times device is automaticaly expelled.
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18. HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES
 Most effective method.
 Ensuring a desired gap between one child
birth to another.
Eg;progester one only pill,
Post-coital pill
Once a month pill
Injectables
Sub dermal implants
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19. COMBINED PILL
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 Contain30-35micro gm of a synthetic estrogen &0.5-
1mg progestagen.
 Taken orally for 21 consecutive days beginning on
5th day of menstrual cycle,followed by a break of 7
days.
Advantages
 Reversible.
 Not interfere with normal sexual life.

20.  Corrects pre-existing menstrual problems.
Drawbacks
 Cause dizziness,weight gain,vomiting,sickness
 Irregular vaginal bleeding.
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21. TERMINAL METHODS
 Useful for delaying 1st pregnancy or for ensuring a
reasonable gap between two children.
 These are surgical methods-sterilization.
1. Vasectomy
 Sterilisation produced in male.
 Small part of vasdeferens is removed or tied up
through small incision on scrotum.
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22. Advantages
 Simple.
 100% effective and provides life long protection
against unwanted pregnancies.
 No side effects & complications.
Drawbacks
 Irreversible
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23. 2. Tubectomy
 In female.
 Small part of fallopian tube is removed or tied up
through a small incision in the abdomen or
through vagina.
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24. 3. Laparascopy
•Modern sterilization method in female
using laparascope.
•Introduced in the abdomen through a very
small opening.
•Laparascopy & tubectomy provide permanent safe
guard against unwanted pregnancies & there are
no side effects or complications.
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25. ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN
FAMILY PLANNING
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Pharmacist have close contacts with the public. He is
doing useful service to the public like the doctor and health
worker.
Most of the uneducated people have psychological fear
that family planning is painful,dangerous and harmful to
health.the pharmacist can explain the use of family
planning to the uneducated in a simple way in their local
language.

26. The pharmacist can promote family planning by following
methods:-
oPropagating the usefulness of family planning in the right
way.
oHe can explain the safety and convenience of the
contraceptive devices
oHe can advice spacing between the children.
oThe pharmacist can display family planning posters in
hospitals , dispensaries etc.
oHe can guide the people to the family planning centers fo2r6
vasectomy , tubectomy and laparoscopy.

27. o He can motivate the public for the use of oral
contraceptive drugs, condoms etc.
 He can establish an awareness in the
community regarding the availability of various
family planning services.
 He can produce a positive attitude to family
planning by motivating eligible couples to adopt
the small family norm.
 Pharmacist can promote family planning by
distributing pamphlets about family planning. 27

28. Thank you……
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