Hyperthyroidism
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Hyperthyroidism is a hormonal disease that is characterized by high level of thyroid hormone in blood that occur because of abnormal activity of thyroid hormone or various factors.
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Hyperthyroidism
This document discusses hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. It begins by defining the terms and describing the thyroid gland's normal function. It then discusses the various causes of hyperthyroidism including Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, subacute thyroiditis, and toxic adenoma. The document outlines the anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland. It describes the clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests including thyroid function tests, ultrasound, and thyroid scintigraphy. It provides algorithms for diagnosis and outlines treatment options for hyperthyroidism including anti-thyroid medications, radioactive iodine treatment, and thyroidectomy.
Hyperthyroidism
It include anatomy , physiology of thyroid gland. Hyperthroidism and its causes, risk factors, diagnosis, medical and nursing management, complication.
Hyperthyroidism
This document discusses thyrotoxicosis, which is defined as thyroid hormone excess caused by hyperthyroidism or excessive thyroid function. It outlines the various causes of thyrotoxicosis including primary and secondary hyperthyroidism. Signs and symptoms as well as laboratory findings are described. Treatment options including antithyroid drugs, beta blockers, radioiodine, and surgery are discussed in detail. Thyrotoxic crisis, a life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism, is also covered.
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism, Reference: Hyperthyroid, Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Soheil Elahi, Islamic Azad University of Medicine- International Branch (IAUM-int)
Hyperthyroidism / Thyrotoxicosis Pharmacotherapy
Hyperthyroidism is caused by excess thyroid hormone production. Treatment aims to normalize thyroid hormone levels, minimize symptoms, and provide individualized therapy based on disease severity and patient factors. Treatment options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine, surgery, and beta blockers. Antithyroid drugs work by inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis and are given for 12-24 months to induce remission. Radioactive iodine is the treatment of choice for Graves' disease and destroys overactive thyroid cells with radiation. Surgery may be considered for large goiters or lack of drug treatment response. Therapy for thyroid storm involves rapidly suppressing hormone levels along with antiadrenergic and corticosteroid treatment.
Presenting problems in thyroid disease
This document summarizes information about hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, including their common causes, symptoms, signs, investigations, and treatment approaches. The most common causes are Graves' disease, multinodular goiter, and solitary thyroid adenomas. Common symptoms include weight loss, heat intolerance, palpitations, and tremors. Diagnostic testing involves measuring T3, T4, and TSH levels. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, and may include antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, surgery, or beta-blockers to control symptoms.
T H Y R O I D P R E S
The thyroid gland is located in the neck and produces hormones that regulate metabolism. When the thyroid is underactive or overactive, it can cause thyroid disease. Common causes of thyroid disease include autoimmune disorders, radiation exposure, surgical removal of the thyroid, and genetics. Symptoms of an underactive thyroid include fatigue and weight gain, while an overactive thyroid causes nervousness and weight loss. Thyroid problems are diagnosed through blood tests measuring thyroid hormone levels. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve medication, surgery, or radioactive iodine therapy.
Thyroid pharmacotherapeutics - definition, aetiology, clinical manifestations...
Rajeshwari ....pharm D....thyroid......thyrotoxicosis.....definition, aetiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory investigations, and treatment pharmacological and non pharmacological. production of thyroid glands in thyroid hormones.
Recommended
Hyperthyroidism
This document discusses hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. It begins by defining the terms and describing the thyroid gland's normal function. It then discusses the various causes of hyperthyroidism including Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, subacute thyroiditis, and toxic adenoma. The document outlines the anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland. It describes the clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests including thyroid function tests, ultrasound, and thyroid scintigraphy. It provides algorithms for diagnosis and outlines treatment options for hyperthyroidism including anti-thyroid medications, radioactive iodine treatment, and thyroidectomy.
Hyperthyroidism
It include anatomy , physiology of thyroid gland. Hyperthroidism and its causes, risk factors, diagnosis, medical and nursing management, complication.
Hyperthyroidism
This document discusses thyrotoxicosis, which is defined as thyroid hormone excess caused by hyperthyroidism or excessive thyroid function. It outlines the various causes of thyrotoxicosis including primary and secondary hyperthyroidism. Signs and symptoms as well as laboratory findings are described. Treatment options including antithyroid drugs, beta blockers, radioiodine, and surgery are discussed in detail. Thyrotoxic crisis, a life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism, is also covered.
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism, Reference: Hyperthyroid, Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Soheil Elahi, Islamic Azad University of Medicine- International Branch (IAUM-int)
Hyperthyroidism / Thyrotoxicosis Pharmacotherapy
Hyperthyroidism is caused by excess thyroid hormone production. Treatment aims to normalize thyroid hormone levels, minimize symptoms, and provide individualized therapy based on disease severity and patient factors. Treatment options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine, surgery, and beta blockers. Antithyroid drugs work by inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis and are given for 12-24 months to induce remission. Radioactive iodine is the treatment of choice for Graves' disease and destroys overactive thyroid cells with radiation. Surgery may be considered for large goiters or lack of drug treatment response. Therapy for thyroid storm involves rapidly suppressing hormone levels along with antiadrenergic and corticosteroid treatment.
Presenting problems in thyroid disease
This document summarizes information about hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, including their common causes, symptoms, signs, investigations, and treatment approaches. The most common causes are Graves' disease, multinodular goiter, and solitary thyroid adenomas. Common symptoms include weight loss, heat intolerance, palpitations, and tremors. Diagnostic testing involves measuring T3, T4, and TSH levels. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, and may include antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, surgery, or beta-blockers to control symptoms.
T H Y R O I D P R E S
The thyroid gland is located in the neck and produces hormones that regulate metabolism. When the thyroid is underactive or overactive, it can cause thyroid disease. Common causes of thyroid disease include autoimmune disorders, radiation exposure, surgical removal of the thyroid, and genetics. Symptoms of an underactive thyroid include fatigue and weight gain, while an overactive thyroid causes nervousness and weight loss. Thyroid problems are diagnosed through blood tests measuring thyroid hormone levels. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve medication, surgery, or radioactive iodine therapy.
Thyroid pharmacotherapeutics - definition, aetiology, clinical manifestations...
Rajeshwari ....pharm D....thyroid......thyrotoxicosis.....definition, aetiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory investigations, and treatment pharmacological and non pharmacological. production of thyroid glands in thyroid hormones.
Hyperthyroidism management
Hyperthyroidism can be diagnosed based on clinical presentation and lab tests showing suppressed TSH and elevated FT4 and FT3. It is classified as Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, or toxic adenoma based on thyroid antibodies and nuclear scintigraphy. Treatment options include anti-thyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, and surgery. Anti-thyroid drugs are first line treatment for Graves' disease, while radioactive iodine or surgery is recommended for toxic nodular conditions. Surgical treatment is reserved for cases where other options are contraindicated or not effective.
Thyrotoxicosis
This document discusses thyrotoxicosis and hyperthyroidism. It begins by covering thyroid physiology including iodine metabolism and thyroid hormone synthesis. It then discusses the causes and clinical manifestations of Graves' disease (diffuse toxic goiter), toxic multinodular goiter, and toxic adenoma. Diagnostic tests and treatment options including antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine therapy, and surgery are described for hyperthyroidism. Thyroid storm, a medical emergency, is also summarized.
Thyroid Storm
The document discusses thyroid storm, an acute, life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism. It describes the anatomy and functions of the thyroid gland. Thyroid storm is a medical emergency caused by excessive thyroid hormones and can be precipitated by events like surgery or infection. Symptoms include high fever, rapid heart rate, nausea, and confusion. Treatment aims to reduce thyroid hormone levels through medications, control symptoms, and maintain homeostasis.
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is caused by Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, or a toxic nodule. It increases the metabolic rate and causes symptoms like palpitations, weight loss, nervousness, and eye changes. Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder where TSHR antibodies stimulate the thyroid. Treatment options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or thyroidectomy. Subclinical hypothyroidism is when TSH is elevated but T3 and T4 are normal, while subclinical hyperthyroidism is when TSH is suppressed but T3 and T4 are normal.
Thyroid disease
This document discusses different thyroid diseases including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroiditis. Hyperthyroidism is when the thyroid produces too much hormone and can cause symptoms like weight loss, palpitations, and heat intolerance. Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid does not produce enough hormone and results in fatigue, weight gain, dry skin and hair loss. Thyroiditis refers to inflammation of the thyroid and can be acute, subacute like viral thyroiditis, or chronic like Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Management of Thyrotoxicosis
This document discusses the management of thyrotoxicosis, including investigations and treatment options. Key investigations include thyroid function tests, radioisotope scans, and antibody tests. Treatment options include anti-thyroid drugs, surgery, and radioactive iodine therapy. Anti-thyroid drugs are the first line treatment and help prepare patients for surgery or radioactive iodine therapy. Surgery involves removing parts of the thyroid gland and is indicated when drugs fail or for large goiters. Radioactive iodine therapy uses radiation to destroy the thyroid tissue and is preferred for older patients with no risk of genetic mutations. Long term management may require thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism, also known as overactive thyroid, is a condition where the thyroid gland produces and secretes excessive amounts of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and/or thyroxine (T4). Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder, is the most common cause. Symptoms include weight loss, increased appetite, irritability, weakness, and heat intolerance. Signs include palpitations, tremor, and goiter. The excess thyroid hormone affects nearly every tissue in the body, increasing the body's metabolic rate. Tests can confirm the diagnosis by showing suppressed TSH and elevated free T4 levels, and imaging and antibody tests are also used.
Hyperthyrodism
The document discusses hyperthyroidism, also known as thyrotoxicosis, which is a condition caused by an overactive thyroid gland producing excessive thyroid hormones. The main causes of hyperthyroidism are Graves' disease, toxic nodular goiter, thyroiditis, and pituitary tumors. The document outlines the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism, diagnostic tests, and treatment options including antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, surgery, and management of complications.
Hyperthyroidism 070818
Hyperthyroidism is a form of thyrotoxicosis caused by excess thyroid hormones secreted by an overactive thyroid gland. It can be caused by endogenous issues like Graves' disease or toxic multinodular goiter affecting the thyroid gland itself, or secondary/central hyperthyroidism where the pituitary gland is affected. Symptoms include increased metabolism, nervousness, appetite and heart rate. Treatment focuses on controlling thyroid hormone levels through anti-thyroid drugs, radioactive iodine therapy or surgery to the thyroid gland.
Fwd: Thyroid Surgery (Cormac Joyce)
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: UCD Graduate '09 None <ucdgrad09@gmail.com>
Date: 2009/2/25
Subject: Thyroid Surgery (Cormac Joyce)
To: ucdgrad09@gmail.com
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces excess thyroid hormones, causing a hypermetabolic state known as thyrotoxicosis. The most common cause is Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder. Symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, sweating and irritability. Diagnosis involves blood tests to check thyroid hormone levels and treatment options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy or surgery. Left untreated, hyperthyroidism can lead to complications affecting various body systems and organs.
Thyroidstorm ppt
Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis occur when the thyroid gland overproduces thyroid hormones. Thyroid storm is a life-threatening exacerbation of thyrotoxicosis caused by factors like infection, surgery, or medication changes. It involves fever, sweating, tachycardia, anxiety, and heart failure. Treatment focuses on cooling the patient, blocking further hormone production with antithyroid drugs and iodine, and supporting heart and brain function with beta-blockers and glucocorticoids. Thyroidectomy may be required for severe cases not responding to medical management.
Medicine 5th year, all lectures/thyroid (Dr. Taha Mahwy)
The thyroid gland develops from the fourth pharyngeal pouch and normally weighs around 20 grams. It is butterfly-shaped with two lobes connected by an isthmus. The gland produces the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which regulate metabolism. Hyperthyroidism, or an overactive thyroid, can result from conditions like Graves' disease. It causes a variety of symptoms affecting many body systems. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing elevated T3 and T4 with low or undetectable TSH. Treatment options include antithyroid medications, surgery, or radioactive iodine.
Thyroid and Parathyroid
The document summarizes information about the thyroid and parathyroid glands. It discusses the anatomy, physiology, diseases and treatment of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. It also covers the anatomy, regulation, actions and diseases including hypoparathyroidism and hyperparathyroidism of the parathyroid glands. Evaluation and management of thyroid and parathyroid disorders is outlined.
Thyroid
The document discusses various thyroid disorders including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer, and parathyroid glands. It covers the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment options for different thyroid conditions. Lab tests like TSH, T4, and radioactive iodine uptake can help evaluate thyroid function and differentiate disorders. Diseases discussed include Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, toxic nodular goiter, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer.
Endocrinology Lect2,3 2003
This document discusses thyroid and parathyroid disorders. It covers hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Hyperthyroidism is often caused by Graves' disease and results in excess thyroid hormones. Hypothyroidism is often caused by Hashimoto's disease and results in reduced thyroid hormones. Hyperparathyroidism is caused by excess parathyroid hormone from tumors on the parathyroid glands, leading to high blood calcium. Hypoparathyroidism is caused by low parathyroid hormone, leading to low blood calcium. Both conditions are typically treated through diet, supplements, and surgery if needed.
Thyroid disorders treatment
1) Thyroid disorders involve the thyroid gland, which secretes hormones that regulate growth and metabolism. Common thyroid disorders include hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid nodules.
2) Hypothyroidism is a syndrome caused by thyroid hormone deficiency and can cause mental retardation if untreated. Hyperthyroidism occurs when there is excessive production of thyroid hormones.
3) Treatment for thyroid disorders involves replacing thyroid hormones for hypothyroidism or suppressing thyroid hormone production and action for hyperthyroidism. Medications like levothyroxine and antithyroid drugs are often used.
Preoperative management of hyperthyroidism in a goiterous patient
The document discusses the history and evolution of thyroid surgery. It notes that in 1866, thyroid surgery was considered extremely dangerous but by 1920 it had become a routine procedure. It then describes the thyroid gland and its hormones. It discusses hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis, listing their clinical features. The document outlines the indications for thyroid surgery and the different types of thyroid surgeries. It provides details on the history, examination, investigations, medical management, and preparation of hyperthyroid patients for thyroid surgery.
Sick euthyroid syndrome
Sick Euthyroid Syndrome refers to abnormal thyroid function test results that occur during non-thyroidal illness without pre-existing thyroid dysfunction. It is characterized by low T3 and elevated reverse T3 levels. This pattern results from impaired conversion of T4 to T3 in tissues due to reduced activity of deiodinase enzymes from cytokines. The severity of the thyroid hormone changes correlates with the severity of the underlying illness. Treatment with thyroid hormone is controversial, and thyroid function usually normalizes as the illness improves.
Thyrotoxicosis
Hyperthyroidism, or an overactive thyroid, is caused by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland. Common causes include Graves' disease, toxic nodular goiter, and thyroiditis. Symptoms include rapid heart rate, sweating, weight loss, and anxiety. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels. Treatment options are anti-thyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery to remove part of the thyroid gland.
Thyroid disorders
The document provides information on thyroid disorders including:
- The thyroid gland regulates metabolism by producing thyroid hormones. Common disorders include hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), goiter (enlarged thyroid), and thyroid nodules.
- Hyperthyroidism causes an overactive thyroid and symptoms of rapid heartbeat. Common causes include Graves' disease and toxic nodules. Hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid with symptoms like fatigue. Hashimoto's disease and thyroid removal commonly cause it.
- Goiter is an enlarged thyroid often due to iodine deficiency or inflammation. Thyroid nodules are abnormal growths that may be cancerous
Thyroid
Thyroid disorders result from issues with thyroid hormone production or secretion, altering metabolism. Hyperthyroidism occurs when excessive thyroid hormones are produced, often due to Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder. Hypothyroidism results from decreased thyroid hormone production, commonly caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis or thyroid surgery/radiation treatment. Both conditions are managed through pharmacological interventions like antithyroid drugs or levothyroxine replacement therapy.
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Hyperthyroidism management
Hyperthyroidism can be diagnosed based on clinical presentation and lab tests showing suppressed TSH and elevated FT4 and FT3. It is classified as Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, or toxic adenoma based on thyroid antibodies and nuclear scintigraphy. Treatment options include anti-thyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, and surgery. Anti-thyroid drugs are first line treatment for Graves' disease, while radioactive iodine or surgery is recommended for toxic nodular conditions. Surgical treatment is reserved for cases where other options are contraindicated or not effective.
Thyrotoxicosis
This document discusses thyrotoxicosis and hyperthyroidism. It begins by covering thyroid physiology including iodine metabolism and thyroid hormone synthesis. It then discusses the causes and clinical manifestations of Graves' disease (diffuse toxic goiter), toxic multinodular goiter, and toxic adenoma. Diagnostic tests and treatment options including antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine therapy, and surgery are described for hyperthyroidism. Thyroid storm, a medical emergency, is also summarized.
Thyroid Storm
The document discusses thyroid storm, an acute, life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism. It describes the anatomy and functions of the thyroid gland. Thyroid storm is a medical emergency caused by excessive thyroid hormones and can be precipitated by events like surgery or infection. Symptoms include high fever, rapid heart rate, nausea, and confusion. Treatment aims to reduce thyroid hormone levels through medications, control symptoms, and maintain homeostasis.
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is caused by Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, or a toxic nodule. It increases the metabolic rate and causes symptoms like palpitations, weight loss, nervousness, and eye changes. Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder where TSHR antibodies stimulate the thyroid. Treatment options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or thyroidectomy. Subclinical hypothyroidism is when TSH is elevated but T3 and T4 are normal, while subclinical hyperthyroidism is when TSH is suppressed but T3 and T4 are normal.
Thyroid disease
This document discusses different thyroid diseases including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroiditis. Hyperthyroidism is when the thyroid produces too much hormone and can cause symptoms like weight loss, palpitations, and heat intolerance. Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid does not produce enough hormone and results in fatigue, weight gain, dry skin and hair loss. Thyroiditis refers to inflammation of the thyroid and can be acute, subacute like viral thyroiditis, or chronic like Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Management of Thyrotoxicosis
This document discusses the management of thyrotoxicosis, including investigations and treatment options. Key investigations include thyroid function tests, radioisotope scans, and antibody tests. Treatment options include anti-thyroid drugs, surgery, and radioactive iodine therapy. Anti-thyroid drugs are the first line treatment and help prepare patients for surgery or radioactive iodine therapy. Surgery involves removing parts of the thyroid gland and is indicated when drugs fail or for large goiters. Radioactive iodine therapy uses radiation to destroy the thyroid tissue and is preferred for older patients with no risk of genetic mutations. Long term management may require thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism, also known as overactive thyroid, is a condition where the thyroid gland produces and secretes excessive amounts of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and/or thyroxine (T4). Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder, is the most common cause. Symptoms include weight loss, increased appetite, irritability, weakness, and heat intolerance. Signs include palpitations, tremor, and goiter. The excess thyroid hormone affects nearly every tissue in the body, increasing the body's metabolic rate. Tests can confirm the diagnosis by showing suppressed TSH and elevated free T4 levels, and imaging and antibody tests are also used.
Hyperthyrodism
The document discusses hyperthyroidism, also known as thyrotoxicosis, which is a condition caused by an overactive thyroid gland producing excessive thyroid hormones. The main causes of hyperthyroidism are Graves' disease, toxic nodular goiter, thyroiditis, and pituitary tumors. The document outlines the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism, diagnostic tests, and treatment options including antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, surgery, and management of complications.
Hyperthyroidism 070818
Hyperthyroidism is a form of thyrotoxicosis caused by excess thyroid hormones secreted by an overactive thyroid gland. It can be caused by endogenous issues like Graves' disease or toxic multinodular goiter affecting the thyroid gland itself, or secondary/central hyperthyroidism where the pituitary gland is affected. Symptoms include increased metabolism, nervousness, appetite and heart rate. Treatment focuses on controlling thyroid hormone levels through anti-thyroid drugs, radioactive iodine therapy or surgery to the thyroid gland.
Fwd: Thyroid Surgery (Cormac Joyce)
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: UCD Graduate '09 None <ucdgrad09@gmail.com>
Date: 2009/2/25
Subject: Thyroid Surgery (Cormac Joyce)
To: ucdgrad09@gmail.com
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces excess thyroid hormones, causing a hypermetabolic state known as thyrotoxicosis. The most common cause is Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder. Symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, sweating and irritability. Diagnosis involves blood tests to check thyroid hormone levels and treatment options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy or surgery. Left untreated, hyperthyroidism can lead to complications affecting various body systems and organs.
Thyroidstorm ppt
Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis occur when the thyroid gland overproduces thyroid hormones. Thyroid storm is a life-threatening exacerbation of thyrotoxicosis caused by factors like infection, surgery, or medication changes. It involves fever, sweating, tachycardia, anxiety, and heart failure. Treatment focuses on cooling the patient, blocking further hormone production with antithyroid drugs and iodine, and supporting heart and brain function with beta-blockers and glucocorticoids. Thyroidectomy may be required for severe cases not responding to medical management.
Medicine 5th year, all lectures/thyroid (Dr. Taha Mahwy)
The thyroid gland develops from the fourth pharyngeal pouch and normally weighs around 20 grams. It is butterfly-shaped with two lobes connected by an isthmus. The gland produces the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which regulate metabolism. Hyperthyroidism, or an overactive thyroid, can result from conditions like Graves' disease. It causes a variety of symptoms affecting many body systems. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing elevated T3 and T4 with low or undetectable TSH. Treatment options include antithyroid medications, surgery, or radioactive iodine.
Thyroid and Parathyroid
The document summarizes information about the thyroid and parathyroid glands. It discusses the anatomy, physiology, diseases and treatment of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. It also covers the anatomy, regulation, actions and diseases including hypoparathyroidism and hyperparathyroidism of the parathyroid glands. Evaluation and management of thyroid and parathyroid disorders is outlined.
Thyroid
The document discusses various thyroid disorders including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer, and parathyroid glands. It covers the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment options for different thyroid conditions. Lab tests like TSH, T4, and radioactive iodine uptake can help evaluate thyroid function and differentiate disorders. Diseases discussed include Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, toxic nodular goiter, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer.
Endocrinology Lect2,3 2003
This document discusses thyroid and parathyroid disorders. It covers hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Hyperthyroidism is often caused by Graves' disease and results in excess thyroid hormones. Hypothyroidism is often caused by Hashimoto's disease and results in reduced thyroid hormones. Hyperparathyroidism is caused by excess parathyroid hormone from tumors on the parathyroid glands, leading to high blood calcium. Hypoparathyroidism is caused by low parathyroid hormone, leading to low blood calcium. Both conditions are typically treated through diet, supplements, and surgery if needed.
Thyroid disorders treatment
1) Thyroid disorders involve the thyroid gland, which secretes hormones that regulate growth and metabolism. Common thyroid disorders include hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid nodules.
2) Hypothyroidism is a syndrome caused by thyroid hormone deficiency and can cause mental retardation if untreated. Hyperthyroidism occurs when there is excessive production of thyroid hormones.
3) Treatment for thyroid disorders involves replacing thyroid hormones for hypothyroidism or suppressing thyroid hormone production and action for hyperthyroidism. Medications like levothyroxine and antithyroid drugs are often used.
Preoperative management of hyperthyroidism in a goiterous patient
The document discusses the history and evolution of thyroid surgery. It notes that in 1866, thyroid surgery was considered extremely dangerous but by 1920 it had become a routine procedure. It then describes the thyroid gland and its hormones. It discusses hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis, listing their clinical features. The document outlines the indications for thyroid surgery and the different types of thyroid surgeries. It provides details on the history, examination, investigations, medical management, and preparation of hyperthyroid patients for thyroid surgery.
Sick euthyroid syndrome
Sick Euthyroid Syndrome refers to abnormal thyroid function test results that occur during non-thyroidal illness without pre-existing thyroid dysfunction. It is characterized by low T3 and elevated reverse T3 levels. This pattern results from impaired conversion of T4 to T3 in tissues due to reduced activity of deiodinase enzymes from cytokines. The severity of the thyroid hormone changes correlates with the severity of the underlying illness. Treatment with thyroid hormone is controversial, and thyroid function usually normalizes as the illness improves.
Thyrotoxicosis
Hyperthyroidism, or an overactive thyroid, is caused by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland. Common causes include Graves' disease, toxic nodular goiter, and thyroiditis. Symptoms include rapid heart rate, sweating, weight loss, and anxiety. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels. Treatment options are anti-thyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery to remove part of the thyroid gland.
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Medicine 5th year, all lectures/thyroid (Dr. Taha Mahwy)
Medicine 5th year, all lectures/thyroid (Dr. Taha Mahwy)
Preoperative management of hyperthyroidism in a goiterous patient
Preoperative management of hyperthyroidism in a goiterous patient
Similar to Hyperthyroidism
Thyroid disorders
The document provides information on thyroid disorders including:
- The thyroid gland regulates metabolism by producing thyroid hormones. Common disorders include hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), goiter (enlarged thyroid), and thyroid nodules.
- Hyperthyroidism causes an overactive thyroid and symptoms of rapid heartbeat. Common causes include Graves' disease and toxic nodules. Hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid with symptoms like fatigue. Hashimoto's disease and thyroid removal commonly cause it.
- Goiter is an enlarged thyroid often due to iodine deficiency or inflammation. Thyroid nodules are abnormal growths that may be cancerous
Thyroid
Thyroid disorders result from issues with thyroid hormone production or secretion, altering metabolism. Hyperthyroidism occurs when excessive thyroid hormones are produced, often due to Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder. Hypothyroidism results from decreased thyroid hormone production, commonly caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis or thyroid surgery/radiation treatment. Both conditions are managed through pharmacological interventions like antithyroid drugs or levothyroxine replacement therapy.
Endocrinology
A 58-year-old woman presents with symptoms of hyperthyroidism including anxiety, tremors, sweating, palpitations and insomnia. On exam she has a modest, non-tender goiter. Thyroid function tests show a suppressed TSH and elevated free T4, consistent with primary hyperthyroidism. A thyroid uptake scan shows diffuse homogeneous uptake, consistent with Graves' disease. She is started on methimizole to treat her hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease.
Thyroid Disorders.pptx
This document discusses thyroid disorders of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. It defines them as conditions resulting from too little or too much thyroid hormone production respectively. It describes the physiology of thyroid hormone regulation and the negative feedback loop. The causes of hyperthyroidism include Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, subacute thyroiditis, toxic single adenoma, and others. The treatment options for hyperthyroidism discussed are symptom relief medications, anti-thyroid drugs, radioactive iodine treatment, and thyroidectomy.
Thyroid
The document summarizes thyroid embryology, anatomy, physiology, and various thyroid diseases. It describes that the thyroid develops from the foregut and forms follicles that synthesize and secrete thyroid hormones. It regulates thyroid function tests and imaging used to evaluate thyroid diseases. It provides details on hyperthyroidism including Graves' disease and treatment options. It also discusses hypothyroidism and various causes of thyroiditis.
Thyroid
The document summarizes thyroid embryology, anatomy, physiology, and various thyroid diseases. It describes that the thyroid develops from the foregut and forms follicles that synthesize and secrete thyroid hormones. It regulates thyroid function tests and imaging used to evaluate thyroid diseases. It provides details on hyperthyroidism including Graves' disease and treatment options. It also discusses hypothyroidism and various causes of thyroiditis.
Anesthesia consideration in thyroid surgeries By Dr Sardar Saud Abbas
Just a quick review about how to evaluate thyroid related case pre intra and post op along with foreseeing complications :)
Endocrinology archer step3 lectures
This document provides an overview of thyroid disorders and diagnostic tests. It discusses various thyroid function tests including TSH, free T4, T3, and thyroid antibodies. It describes how to interpret abnormal thyroid function test results and outlines approaches to common thyroid disorders like Graves' disease, subacute thyroiditis, and hypothyroidism. Treatment options for hyperthyroidism such as antithyroid medications, radioiodine therapy, and surgery are also summarized. The document is intended as a brief review of key endocrinology concepts that will be covered in more detail in video lectures.
Thyroid
This document summarizes anatomy, physiology, and investigations related to the thyroid gland. It covers the following key points:
- The thyroid gland normally weighs 20-25g and contains follicles that store thyroglobulin and synthesize thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).
- Thyroid hormone production is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis through thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Tests like serum TSH, T3, and T4 are used to evaluate thyroid function.
- Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the investigation of choice for discrete thyroid swellings and provides a standardized classification
Diseases of thyroid gland
The document discusses thyroid gland disorders, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. It describes the anatomy and function of the thyroid gland, the hormones it produces, and how they are regulated. It then discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, focusing on Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. It also covers complications like myxedema coma and the effects of thyroid hormones on multiple body systems.
Thyroid storm
Thyroid storm is a life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism that can be fatal if not treated promptly and aggressively. It is usually precipitated by stress in individuals with poorly controlled hyperthyroidism. Signs and symptoms involve multiple organ systems and include fever, tachycardia, heart failure, gastrointestinal issues, and altered mental status. Treatment requires addressing the underlying hyperthyroidism with antithyroid drugs, iodine, beta-blockers, and glucocorticoids to suppress hormone production and effects. Managing precipitating factors, supportive care, and monitoring for complications are also important.
Thyroid storm
Thyroid storm is basically a life threatening acute exacerbation of the clinical features of thyrotoxicosis.
Thyroid storm also known as thyroid crisis is an acute, life threatening hypermetabolic state induced by excessive activity of thyroid hormones in individuals with thyrotoxicosis.
Exact pathogenesis not understood.
No clear cut clinical feature separation from thyrotoxicosis.
precipitants of thyroid storm include the following
Infection, especially pneumonia
Cerebrovascular accident
Acute coronary syndrome, Congestive heart failure
Pulmonary embolus
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Parturition / toxemia
Major trauma
Surgery
Iodine 131 Rx or iodine contrast agents
Rapid withdrawl of antithyroid medications
Although the exact pathogenesis of thyroid storm is not fully understood, the following theories have been proposed:
Patients with thyroid storm reportedly have relatively higher levels of free THs than patients with uncomplicated thyrotoxicosis, although total TH levels may not be increased.
Adrenergic receptor activation is another hypothesis. Sympathetic nerves innervate the thyroid gland, and catecholamines stimulate TH synthesis. In turn, increased THs increase the density of beta-adrenergic receptors, thereby enhancing the effect of catecholamines.
The dramatic response of thyroid storm to beta-blockers and the precipitation of thyroid storm after accidental ingestion of adrenergic drugs such as pseudoephedrine support this theory. This theory also explains normal or low plasma levels and urinary excretion rates of catecholamines.
However, it does not explain why beta-blockers fail to decrease TH levels in thyrotoxicosis.
Another theory suggests a rapid rise of hormone levels as the pathogenic source. A drop in binding protein levels, which may occur postoperatively, might cause a sudden rise in free hormone levels. In addition, hormone levels may rise rapidly when the gland is manipulated during surgery, during vigorous palpation during examination, or from damaged follicles following RAI therapy.
Other proposed theories include alterations in tissue tolerance to THs, the presence of a unique catecholaminelike substance in thyrotoxicosis, and a direct sympathomimetic effect of TH as a result of its structural similarity to catecholamines.
General symptoms
Fever
Profuse sweating
Poor feeding and weight loss
Respiratory distress
Fatigue (more common in older adolescents)
GI symptoms
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain
Jaundice
Neurologic symptoms
Anxiety (more common in older adolescents)
Altered behavior
Seizures, coma
Lect 3-thyroid disorders
The document provides information about thyroid gland disorders including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. It discusses the anatomy and blood supply of the thyroid gland. It describes Hashimoto's thyroiditis as the most common cause of hypothyroidism due to an autoimmune reaction. Graves' disease is outlined as the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, also caused by an autoimmune process involving thyroid stimulating antibodies. The clinical features, investigations, and treatment approaches for hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are summarized.
Hypothyroidism_094334.pptx
Hypothyroidism, insufficiency of thyroid gland hormon, hypothyroid, disorders of thyroid gland, endocrine disorder
02 Thyroid Hormones.ppt
This document discusses the biochemistry of thyroid hormones and thermogenesis. It covers the types and biosynthesis of thyroid hormones T4 and T3, how thyroid hormones act in the body, and how their levels are regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. It also discusses thyroid function tests, goiter, hypo- and hyperthyroidism including causes, diagnosis and treatment, and the role of thyroid hormones in thermogenesis and metabolism.
Hyperthyroidism bsc nursing
Hyperthyroidism, also known as thyrotoxicosis, occurs when the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. Some common causes include Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder, as well as excessive iodine intake or inflammation of the thyroid. Symptoms include rapid or irregular heartbeat, weight loss, sweating, and hand tremors. Diagnosis involves thyroid function tests and imaging to determine the cause. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause but may include anti-thyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland.
Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
This document provides an overview of thyroid gland anatomy, physiology, and disorders. It describes the thyroid's role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and hormone synthesis. Disorders discussed include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, myxedema, cretinism, and thyroid cancer. For each, the document outlines pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management.
thyroid disorder
The thyroid gland is located in the neck and produces hormones that regulate metabolism. It contains two main hormones: T3 and T4. The thyroid is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Hypothyroidism is caused by an underactive thyroid and results in low hormone levels and symptoms like fatigue and weight gain. It is typically treated with levothyroxine hormone replacement therapy. Hyperthyroidism is caused by an overactive thyroid and results in high hormone levels and symptoms like weight loss and palpitations.
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Hyperthyroidism
- 1. Hyperthyroidism OVERACTIVE THYROID GLAND LEAD TO INCREASE SECRETION OF THYROID HORMONES
- 2. CAUES: Graves Disease Thyroid Adenoma
- 3. Graves Disease: Pathophysiology: Autoimmune disease in which thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) formed against TSH receptors. TSI bind with TSH induced large secretion of hormone lead to hyperthyroidism (Effect of TSI remain as far as 12hrs as compared to 1hr of TSH) TSH= Thyroid stimulating hormone which is secreted by pituitary gland.
- 4. Thyroid Adenoma: Tumor of gland leads to large secretion of hormones. Adenoma in a part of gland secretes large amount of hormones Secretion of other portion of gland is suppressed large level of thyroid hormone in blood lead to inhibition of TSH TSH level in blood decreases
- 5. Symptoms: Intolerance to heat ( more sweating) Mild to Extreme weight loss Varying degree of Diarrhea Muscle weakness Extreme fatigue and inability to sleep Dyspnea Tachycardia (due to increase cardiac output) Negative Nitrogen balance Goiter ( hyperplasia of gland) High state of excitability like anxiety and nervousness
- 6. Exophthalmos (edematous swelling of retro orbital tissue and degenerative changes in intraocular muscles. In some patient immunoglobulin (TSI) react with eye muscle and in this case TSH and TSI levels in blood is high. Consequences: Protrusion of eyeballs stretch optic nerve enough to damage nerve. Eyelids will not completely close when blink or asleep. Epithelium will be dry and ulceration of cornea can occur.
- 7. Diagnostic Test: TEST Result of Person with Hyperthyroidism BMR Test (body metabolic rate test) Increased (+30 to +60) TSH level Decreased or suppressed TSI level • Concentration high in case of thyrotoxicosis • Concentration low in case of adenoma Free level of T3 or T4 Increased TSI TSH or Free T4 OR T3 levels are measured by radioimmunoassay.
- 8. Treatment: Beta blocker are recommended Propylthiouracil (PTU) Surgical Removal of gland (but before surgery high level of iodine is given to prevent iodine deficiency ) Radioactive iodine treatment for hyperplastic thyroid gland. THANK YOU