Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a condition where the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. It has many risk factors like age, smoking, obesity, and family history. Primary hypertension has no identifiable cause while secondary hypertension has an exact underlying cause such as kidney disease or medications. The pathophysiology involves the sympathetic nervous system, vascular endothelium, renal system, and endocrine system which regulate blood pressure. Clinical features may include headaches, blurred vision, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history and measuring blood pressure. Management consists of lifestyle modifications like diet and exercise as well as pharmacological therapy using diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and other antihypertensive