1. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
KIDAPAWAN CITY CAMPUS
Sudapin, Kidapawan City
MAZO, R. , LAPATING, S.
College of Engineering
Hydro Electric Power Plant
2. 2
Hydroelectric Power
• It is a renewable form of energy.
• is power derived from the energy of falling water or fast
running water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes.
• Facilities range in size from large power plants that supply
many consumers with electricity to small and micro plants
that individuals operate for their own energy needs or to sell
power to utilities.
3. 3
Three Types of Hydropower Facilities
• Impoundment
An impoundment facility, typically a large hydropower
system, uses a dam to store river water in a reservoir.
• Diversion
A diversion, sometimes called run-of-river, facility channels a
portion of a river through a canal or penstock. It may not
require the use of a dam.
4. 4
• Pumped Storage
It stores energy by pumping water uphill to a reservoir at higher
elevation from a second reservoir at a lower elevation. When the
demand for electricity is low, a pumped storage facility stores
energy by pumping water from a lower reservoir to an upper
reservoir. During periods of high electrical demand, the water is
released back to the lower reservoir and turns a turbine, generating
electricity.
Three Types of Hydropower Facilities…
5. 5
Sizes of Hydro Electric Power Plants
• Micro Hydropower - DOE defines Micro Hydropower as
facilities that have a capacity of 1 to 100 KW
• Mini Hydropower - DOE defines Mini Hydropower as
facilities that have a capacity of 101 kW to 10 MW
• Large Hydropower - DOE defines Large Hydropower as
facilities that have a capacity of more than 10 MW
6. Six Important Components by: Haresh Khemani
1. Dam
The dam is built on a large
river that has abundant
quantity of water throughout
the year. It should be built at
a location where the height
of the river is sufficient to
get the maximum possible
potential energy from water.
7. 2. Water Reservoir
The water reservoir is the
place behind the dam
where water is stored.
The height of water in the
reservoir decides how
much potential energy the
water possesses.
Six Important Components…
8. 3. Intake or Control Gates
These are the gates built on the
inside of the dam.
When the control gates are
opened the water flows due to
gravity through the penstock
and towards the turbines. The
water flowing through the gates
possesses potential as well as
kinetic energy.
Six Important Components…
9. 4. The Penstock
The penstock is the long pipe
or the shaft that carries the
water flowing from the reservoir
towards the power generation
unit, comprised of the turbines
and generator. The water in the
penstock possesses kinetic
energy due to its motion and
potential energy due to its
height.
Six Important Components…
10. 5. Water Turbines
When water falls on the blades of the turbine the kinetic and
potential energy of water is converted into the rotational motion
of the blades of the turbine.
Types of Water Turbines
REACTION TURBINE – Propeller, Francis turbine, Kinetic turbine
IMPULSE TURBINE - Pelton turbine, Turgo turbine, Cross-flow turbine
Six Important Components…
11. 6) Generators
It is in the generator where the
electricity is produced.
Six Important Components…
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HOW HYDROPOWER WORKS
• Hydroelectric power comes from water at work, water in
motion. In the hydrologic cycle, atmospheric water reaches
the earth’s surface as precipitation. Some of this water
evaporates, but much of it either percolates into the soil or
becomes surface runoff. Water from rain and melting snow
eventually reaches ponds, lakes, reservoirs, or oceans
where evaporation is constantly occurring. Water vapor
passes into the atmosphere by evaporation then circulates,
condenses into clouds, and some returns to earth as
precipitation. Thus, the water cycle is complete. Nature
ensures that water is a renewable resource.
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Generating Power
• To generate electricity, water must be in motion. This is
kinetic (moving) energy. When flowing water turns blades in
a turbine, the form is changed to mechanical (machine)
energy. The turbine turns the generator rotor which then
converts this mechanical energy into another energy form –
electricity.
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How Much Electricity Can a Hydroelectric Plant
Make?
The amount of electricity a hydropower plant produces depends on two
factors:
1. How Far the Water Falls. The distance that the water falls depends
on the size of the dam. The higher the dam, the farther the water falls and
the more power it has. Scientists would say that the power of falling water
is "directly proportional" to the distance it falls.
2. Amount of Water Falling. More water falling through the turbine will
produce more power. The amount of water available depends on the
amount of water flowing down the river. Bigger rivers have more flowing
water and can produce more energy. Power is also "directly proportional"
to river flow.
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Advantages of Hydroelectric Power Plants
1) No fuel required
2) Cost of electricity is constant
3) No air-pollution is created
4) Long life
5) Cost of generation of electricity
6) Can easily work during high peak daily loads
7) Irrigation of farms
8) Water sports and gardens
9) Prevents floods
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DISADVANTAGES
1. Dams are extremely expensive to build and must be built to
a very high standard.
2. The high cost of dam construction means that they must
operate for many decades to become profitable.
3. The flooding of large areas of land means that the natural
environment is destroyed.
4. People living in villages and towns that are in the valley to
be flooded, must move out. This means that they lose their
farms and businesses. In some countries, people are forcibly
removed so that hydro-power schemes can go ahead.
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Hydroelectric power plant in the Philippines
Station Capacity (MW) Commissioned Location Status
Agus 1
Hydroelectric
Power Plant
80
1994 Marawi City, Lanao
del Sur
Operational
Ambuklao
Hydroelectric
Power Plant
105
2011
Bokod, Benguet Operational
Angat Dam 256 1968, 1978, 1992 Norzagaray,
Bulacan
Operational
Pantabangan -
Masiway
Hydroelectric
Power Plant
132 1977, 1980, 2010 Pantabangan,
Nueva Ecija
Operational
Pulangi IV
Hydroelectric
Power Plant
255 1986 Maramag,
Bukidnon
Operational
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Conclusion
• Hydroelectric power is important to our Nation. Growing
populations and modern technologies require vast amounts of
electricity for creating, building, and expanding.
• Hydropower is important from an operational standpoint as it
needs no "ramp-up" time, as many combustion technologies do.
Hydropower can increase or decrease the amount of power it is
supplying to the system almost instantly to meet shifting
demand.
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Summary Questions
• 1. What is hydro electric power plant?
• 2. What are the 3 types of hydro power plant?
• 3. What are the sizes of hydro power plant and what are their electric capacity?
• 4. 3 different types of REACTION turbines?
• 5. Give at least two advantages of hydro power plant?
• 6. Give at least two disadvantages?
• 7. . 3 different types of IMPULSE turbines?
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REACTION TURBINE
• A reaction turbine is a horizontal or vertical wheel that
operates with the wheel completely submerged, a feature
which reduces turbulence
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IMPULSE TURBINE
• is a horizontal or vertical wheel that uses the kinetic energy of
water striking its buckets or blades to cause rotation
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Francis Type
TALOMO HYDRO 1
• Location: Calinan, Davao City
• Capacity: 1 MW
• Turbines: 2 units 500-kw Francis Type
• Commisioning: May 13, 1922
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Pelton Type
• SIBULAN HYDRO B
• Location: Sta. Cruz, Davao
del Sur
• Capacity: 16.5 MW
• Turbines: 2 units 8.25 MW
Pelton Type
• Commisioning: December
26, 2010
