A brief description about hydro photovoltaic technology- PV panels on water bodies to improve their efficiency and to reduce water evaporation losses. A government scheme on this technology in Khandwa district MP state

2. Hydro Photovoltaic Technology
COURSE SEMINAR - REE 691
(0+1)
Under Guidance – Dr. Sudhir Jain Presented By – Rupal Jain
Proff., HOD & SWO Ph.D First Year

3. Contents:-
 Introduction – Solar Cell
 Solar Cell, Module and Array
 Working Principle
 Advantages of solar cell
 Disadvantages of solar cell
 Basic components of the PV system
 Complete photovoltaic system
 Applications of Solar cell
 What is the need
 Related research
 Major Conclusions
 Recent Planning
 JNNMS Scheme

4. Introduction
 A Solar Cell is a solid state electrical device that converts
energy of sunlight directly into electricity by Photovoltaic
Effect.
 It is also known as photovoltaic cell.
 The term “Photo” comes from the Greek meaning “light”,
and “voltaic”, from the name of the Italian physicist
“Volta”.

5. Solar Cell, Module and Array

6. Working Principle
Solar cell works on the principle of Photovoltaic
Effects.
The photovoltaic effect was discovered in 1839 by the
French physicist, Alexander Edmond Becquerel.
The photovoltaic effect can be defined as being the
appearance of a potential difference (voltage) between
two layers of a semiconductor slice in which the
conductivities are opposite, or between a semiconductor
and a metal, under the effect of a light stream.

7. Advantages of Solar Cell
 Direct conversion of solar radiation to electricity through a simple solid state
device.
 Absence of moving parts.
 They do not create pollution.
 They have a long effective life.
 They are highly reliable.
 Maintenance cost is low as they are easy to operate.
 Ability to function unattended for long periods as evidence in space
programmes.
 They consume no fuel to operate as the sun’s energy is free.

8.  The problem of power distribution by wires could be eliminated by the use of
solar cell at the site where power is required.
 Modular nature in which desired current, voltages and power levels can be
achieved by more integration.
 They are easy to fabricate, being one of the simplest of semiconductor device.
 They can be used with or without sun tracking, making possible a wide range of
application possibilities.
 They have wide power handling capabilities from microwatts to kilowatts or
even megawatts when modules are combined into large area array.
 They have rapid response in output to input radiation changes, no long time
constant is involved in this system.

9. Disadvantages of Solar Cell
 Weather dependent device (distributed nature of solar energy).
 Absence of energy storage, so larges batteries are required for energy
storage.
 Relatively high capital cost.
 Less efficient.
 Uses a lot of space.
 Indirectly associated with pollution in form of manufacturing and
transportation.
 It generates direct current ,so it requires DC appliance or inverter to convert
DC into AC.

10.  Solar Array
 Blocking Diode
 Battery storage
 Inverter / Converter
 Charge controller
Basic components of the PV system

11. Complete Photovoltaic System

12. Applications of solar cell
 Battery charging
 Solar street lighting
 Weather monitoring
 Railway signaling equipments

13.  Water pumping sets
 Solar laltern
 Solar home lighting
 Satellite

14. What is the need
 Large scale deployment of solar PV systems in a certain geographical area
may be restricted due to the required land surface. Particularly, in island
countries or densely populated regions, the non‐availability of adequate land
can be a barrier for large scale deployments of PV facilities.
 PV systems occupy a huge area and produce less energy compared to fossil
fuel‐based system in a similar land area.
 The construction phase of conventional land based solar projects can have a
variety of negative environmental impacts such as deforestation, loss of
habitat and biodiversity, change in microclimate, soil erosion etc.

15.  To avoid the issue of land shortage and negative environmental impacts, the
researchers and power plant developers are continuously trying to identify
the various new alternatives for PV system installations.
 In arid and semi‐arid climates, water scarcity is a serious issue and if
evaporation losses from the water surface are reduced then more water shall
be available for designated use.
 Covering the water bodies by PV installations reduces the evaporation
losses. It also reduces the alge growth and thus availability of the good
quality of water.

16. Fig. Hydro Photovoltaic Technology

17. Related Research
 Sahu et al. (2016) highlights the concept of floating PV system installed on
still water bodies such as ponds, lakes, dams and reservoirs. The efficiency
of floating solar plant is 11% higher and reduces the water evaporation by
70%, however the investment of such power plant is 1.2% times higher than
the conventional solar power plant.
Fig. Solar Photovoltaic System on water bodies

18. Continued……
 Kumar and Kumar (2020) designed an experimental setup to analyze the
performance and degradation of HIT (heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer),
Poly‐Si and CdTe PV technologies on the water surface and to compare their
performance and degradation with the respective PV technologies deployed on
the land surface.
 The data from experimental setup was measured for over one year duration.
 The performance of HIT and Poly‐Si PV panels on the water surface are found to
be 0.4% and 2.7% lower than the corresponding land based panels, respectively;
whereas the performance of CdTe panel on the water surface is found to be 3.1%
higher than corresponding land based panel.

19.  The Poly‐Si panel has a degradation of 1.32% on the water surface which is
significantly higher than the degradation rate of 0.93% of the corresponding
land‐based panel whereas the HIT panels have almost similar degradation of
approximately 0.50% in both climatic conditions.
 Thus, the study concludes that the HIT and CdTe technologies are suitable
for water bodies applications. The experimental results show that the PV
panel cover on the water bodies has reduced the evaporation loss by about
29% in one year.

20. Major Conclusions:-
 The main aim of this technology to save water from evaporation from water
bodies.
 To avoid the need of land required for PV installation.
 To reduce the negative environmental impacts such as deforestation, loss of
habitat and biodiversity, change in microclimate, soil erosion etc.
 Harnessing the large amount of solar energy through PV technology without
land requirements, since large water bodies are available in India.

21. Recent Planning
 MP government has decided to set up a 1000 MW
floating solar power plant on the Indire Sagar Dam
in Khandwa district in a bid to produce green energy.
 The project cost is estimated at Rs 5 crore for each
megawatt.
 The power plant will be set up at a floating platform on the reservoir, reducing
the cost of acquiring land for it.
 The government is trying to enhance power generation through renewable
sources available in the state.

22. Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM)
A National Solar Mission was launched by the then Prime Minister of India,
Dr. Manmohan Singh on 11 January 2010. The Jawaharlal Nehru National
Solar Mission (JNNSM) aims to achieve 20 GW solar capacity by the year
2022. Under Prime Minister Modi's regime, the target was increased from 20
GW to 100 GW by 2022 in the 2015 Union Budget of India.
The 100 GW target will comprise of:
(a) Rooftop Solar Electricity Generation- 40 GW
(b) Large and Medium Scale Grid-Connected Solar Power Projects – 60 GW

23. Targets to increase capacity in Jawaharlal Nehru
National Solar Mission:
S.No. Area Target for
Phase-I
Target for
Phase-II
Target for
Phase-III
1. Utility grid power
with rooftop
1,000-2,000 MW 4,000-10,000
MW
20,000 MW
2. Off-Grid Solar
Applications
200 MW 1000 MW 2000 MW
3. Solar collector 7 million sq.m. 15 million
sq.m.
20 million
sq.m.

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