The document provides an acknowledgement expressing gratitude to various individuals who supported a project. It thanks the principal, project director, head of department, project instructor, HR manager, and other lecturers for their advice, support, feedback, and encouragement. It also thanks friends for their inspiration and cooperation and parents for their constant encouragement and support, which were important for the project's success.

1. 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express our sincere gratitude to our principal for providing us good facilities and
proper environment for developing our project and to do it in the required way. We are
grateful to our project director for giving us the opportunity to do the project. We are
thankful to Head of Department of Mechanical Engineering for his valuable advice and
motivation.
We wholeheartedly thank our project instructor Mr. Satya Prakash (Lect. Dept. of
Mechanical Engg.), for his valuable advice and support. Also we express our heartfelt
thanks to vikaram kumar (HR) for his helpful feedback and timely assistance.
We convey our sincere thanks to all other lecturers for their help and encouragement. We
thank all our friends who have helped us during the work with their inspiration and
cooperation. We truly admire our parents for their constant encouragement and enduring
support, which was inevitable for the success of this venture. Once again we convey our
gratitude to all those persons who had directly and indirectly influenced on the work.
1

2. 2.INTRODUCTION:
Powertrain Coverage
In addition to the 3-year/36,000 mile protection, many of your powertrain components are
protected even further with coverage extending to 5 years or 100,000 miles, whichever comes
first.
Engine
Engine coverage includes all internally lubricated parts, engine oil cooling hoses, and lines. Also
included are all actuators and electrical components internal to the engine (e.g., Active Fuel
Management valve, lifter and oil manifold) cylinder head, block, timing gears, timing chain,
timing cover, oil pump/oil pump housing, OHC carriers, valve covers, oil pan, seals, gaskets,
manifolds, flywheel, water pump, harmonic balancer, engine mount, turbocharger, and
supercharger. Timing belts are covered until the first scheduled maintenance interval. Exclusions:
Excluded from the powertrain coverage are sensors, wiring, connectors, engine radiator, coolant
hoses, coolant, and heater core. Coverage on the engine cooling system begins at the inlet to the
water pump and ends with the thermostat housing and/or outlet that attaches to the return hose.
Also excluded is the starter motor, entire pressurized fuel system (in-tank fuel pump, pressure
lines, fuel rail(s), regulator, injectors, and return line), as well as the Engine/ Powertrain Control
Module and/or module programming.
- For trucks equipped with a 6.6L Duramax diesel engine, the diesel engine, except those items
listed under “What Is Not Covered” later in this section, is covered for 5 years or 100,000 miles,
whichever comes first.
2

3. 2. WANTED POSITION 2020
 The most profitable in our industry
 Customers’ closest business partners
 Captured profitable growth opportunities
 Proven innovators of energy-efficient transport solutions
 Global team of high performing people
3. Platinum Fuel Saver
Energy content
From a barrel of oil almost 40% is used to produce gasoline, with the rest used to produce
a host of products including jet fuel and plastics and many industrial chemicals (The
How's and Why's of Replacing the Whole Barrel).
The combustions process of gasoline releases the energy desired. The combustion of the
hydrocarbons making up gasoline ideally produces only carbon dioxide, water, and
energy in the
following reaction:
2�!�!" + 25�! → 16�0! + 18�!�
Gasoline offers almost 45 MJ/kg. Crude oil has an energy density of 41.9 MJ/kg which is
2.7 times that of dried wood. It can be refined into products with an even greater energy
density
such as diesel fuel, gasoline, and kerosene for instance, which burn much cleaner than
coal or
crude oil (Energy Density). With different blends and additives along with the ambient
temperature and season, the energy content can differ about 5%.
3

4. 4. Additives
Gasoline is used in many ways and with that there are different preferred results that can
be obtained by using additives. Dyes are used in gasoline to prohibit the use of gasoline
without
a road tax intended for off road usage in on road vehicles. Untaxed Gasoline is dyed,
while taxed
gasoline is clear or white. Another use for dye is in diesel fuel. Highway diesel fuel is not
dyed,
while not EPA approved highway diesel is dyed red (Fuel and Fuel Additives ).
Detergents are
added to clean engines from carbon build up which will help the startup process and
engine
efficiency. Fuel stabilizers and antioxidants are used to preserve gasoline and can inhibit
gum
build up in the engine if the vehicle is not used frequently. An important focus in gasoline
additives is to find out what additives enhance gasoline combustion by increasing the
pressure at
which it will combust and to make the gasoline combustion complete and uniform.
During WWI, it was found that an inexpensive chemical called Tetra-ethyl lead can be
4

5. added to gasoline to significantly improve its octane rating (EPA). With this additive,
cheaper
grades of octane can be made usable with this chemical. Tetra-ethyl lead, by increasing
the
octane, allowed engine compression to be substantially raised. This leads to an increased
vehicle
performance and fuel economy. This lead additive used to increase octane rating enabled
development of modern high-compression gasoline engines. Yet in the 1970s lead began
to be
phased out and banned in the US because of the environmental hazards it posed.
Emissions fromleaded gasoline were producing lead aerosols that covered the earth in a
thin layer, which ishighly toxic to living things such as humans. With modern refining
technology of gasoline, leadadditives are no longer needed to meet desired octane ratings.
Other additives were found to achieve the octane ratings needed without causing harm to
vehicles or people.
Oxygenates are fuel additives that are an oxygen-bearing compounds that can enhance
gasoline combustion and sometimes achieve higher octane ratings. The use of non-
oxygenated
gasoline in cold conditions tends to increase carbon monoxide emissions from vehicles.
The
clean air act requires use of oxygenated gasoline, in areas where winter time carbon
monoxide
levels exceed federal air quality standards (EPA).
Ethanol is an oxygen-bearing compound that is highly effective in enhancing gasoline
combustion. Ethanol is soluble in gasoline and extends life of our oil reserve. Ethanol is
also 115
octanes and can boost lower grades of octane to higher desired grades. E15, a 15% blend
of
ethanol in gasoline, works to increase fuel efficiency by improving fuel combustion by
adding
oxygen to the reaction ethanol burns, thereby reducing exhaust emissions. “With EPA’s
June 15,
2012 approval of a number of companies’ misfueling mitigation plans, EPA has acted on
each of
the Clean Air Act steps required to bring E15 to market. Some companies have now met
all of
the Clean Air Act requirements related to E15 and may lawfully introduce E15 into the
marketplace.” (EPA)
Methyl Tertiary Butyl ether (MTBE) is another common additive and a fairly simple
molecule that is created from methanol. MTBE does not harm catalytic converters.
MTBE is
useful because like ethanol it boosts octane. Unlike ethanol, MTBE is thought to be a
5

6. carcinogenic compound and mixes easily with water (MTBE). If gasoline containing
MTBE
leaks underground, it can easily contaminate our water wells. However, along with
MTBE being
released into the environment so are other additives along with the gasoline.
5. Platinum Fuel Saver Framework
The Platinum Fuel Saver is a device that uses a mixture of Platinum, Rhodium and
Rhenium (Robinson, Method for reduction of pollution from combustion chambers) to
allegedly
improve a car’s miles per gallon by 22% (Platinum 22). The inventor, Barnett Joel
Robinson,
explains the system in his two patents.
The Platinum Fuel Saver was originally produced by the National Fuel Saver
Corporation. However, at the time of this writing, the Platinum Fuel Saver is produced
and distributed by 1800lessgass.com. In 1991, the Environmental Protection Agency
released a report on the claims about the Platinum Fuel Saver. (EPA) The report states
that Robinson’s
claim of improved mileage was not seen during the tests. “EPA completed the evaluation
based on the information available and our technical assessment of the technology. EPA
judged that
there was no technical basis or appropriate test data to support the claims for a fuel
economy
improvement or emission reduction due to the device. Therefore, EPA issued a report
concluding
that the device would not have an emission or fuel economy benefit. (EPA)” While this
does not
necessarily mean that the Platinum fuel saver did not work as advertised, it does raise
some
questions since their website has “has now demonstrated on the EPA Federal Test
Procedure a
48% increase in miles per gallon” (Platinum 22) but the only known test stated otherwise.
7. Platinum Fuel Saver Operation:
Delivery System
Robinson’s first patent described a delivery system, which is used by the Platinum Fuel
Saver. The delivery system consists of a closed container for water with the platinum
solution init that is covered by a thin film of oil (#10 in Figure2). The thin film of oil
acts as a means ofcoating the water molecules in the solution to provide proper
distribution of the solution to the
8.Lathe machine
6

7. Its mainly use for turning, knurling, centring, grooving, drilling etc. it’s very most
important tool ( machine tool) because all the mechanical work performed in it. There are
many part of lathe machine.
 Lathe Components
 Tailstock
o The tailstock can be used to support the end of the work piece with a centre, or to
hold tools for drilling, reaming, threading, or cutting tapers. It can be adjusted in
position along the ways to accommodate different length work pieces. The
tailstock barrel can be fed along the axis of rotation with the tailstock hand wheel.
 Carriage
 The carriage controls and supports the cutting tool. It consists of:
 Saddle that slides along the ways.
 An apron that controls the feed mechanisms.
 Headstock
 The headstock is fixed to the bed and is equipped with motors, pulleys and V-belts that
supply power to a spindle at various rotational speeds.
 BED
 The bed supports all major components of the lathe. Beds have a large mass and are
built rigidly, usually manufactured from gray or nodular cast iron.
 Feed Rod and Lead Screw
  The lead screw will cause the apron and cutting tool to advance quickly. This
is used for cutting threads, and for moving the tool quickly.
  The feed rod will move the apron and cutting tool slowly forward. This is
largely used for most of the turning operations.
7

8. 
  Lathe Types:-
 There are a number of different lathe designs, and some of the most popular are discussed
here.
 Engine Lathe
 It is the basic, simplest and the most versatile lathe. This machine tool is manually
operated that is why it requires skilled operators. Suitable for low and medium production
and for repair works.
 Turret lathes
 These machines are capable of carrying out multiple cutting operations on the same work
piece.
 Several cutting tools are mounted on a tetra-, or hexagonal turret, which replaces the
 Tailstock. These tools can be rapidly brought into action against the work piece one by
one by indexing the turret
 Special Purpose Lathes
 These lathe machines are used for applications such as railroad wheels, gun barrel and
8

9. rolling mill rolls. The size of the work piece is usually large in these machines.
 Tracer Lathes
 These lathes have special attachments that are capable of turning parts with various
contours. They are also known as duplicating or contouring lathes. The cutting tool
follows the path that duplicates the contour of the template.
9.Drilling machine
 A drilling machine comes in many shapes and sizes, from small hand-held power drills to
bench mounted and finally floor-mounted models. They can perform operations other
than drilling, such as countersinking,
 Counter boring, reaming, and tapping large or small holes. Because the drilling machines
can perform all of these operations, this chapter will also cover the types of drill bits,
took, and shop formulas for setting up each operation. Safety plays a critical part in any
operation involving power equipment.
 Uses of drilling machine:
 A drilling machine, called a drill press, is used to cut holes into or through metal, wood,
or other materials Drilling machines use a drilling tool that has cutting edges at its point.
This cutting tool is held in the drill press by a chucker Morse taper and is rotated and fed
into the work at variable speeds.
 Drilling machines may be used to perform other operations. They can perform
countersinking, boring, counterboring, spot facing, reaming, and tapping Drill press
operators must know how to set up the work, set speed and feed, and provide for coolant
to get an acceptable finished product. For instance, a 15-inch drilling machine cans
centre-drill a 30-inch-diameter piece of stock. Other ways to determine the size of the
drill press are by the largest hole that can be drilled, the distance between the spindle and
column, and the vertical distance between the worktable and spindle.
9

10. 
  TYPES OF DRILLING MACHINES:-
 There are two types of drilling machines used by maintenance personnel for repairing and
fabricating needed parts: hand-feed or power-feed Other types of drilling machines, such
as the radial drill press. Numerically controlled drilling machine. Multiple spindle
drilling machine, gang drilling machine, and turret drill press, are all variations of the
basic hand and power-feed drilling machines. They are designed for high-speed
production and industrial shops.
 Hand –feed drill machine
 The hand-feed drilling machines are the simplest and most common type of drilling
machines in use today. These are light duty machines that are hand-fed by the operator,
using a feed handle. So that the operator is able to “feel” the action of the cutting tool as
it cuts through theworkpiece. These drilling machines can be bench or floor mounted.
 They are driven by an electric motor that turns arrive belt on a motor pulley that connects
to the spindle pulley. Hand-feed machines are essentially high-speed machines and are
used on small workplaces that require holes 1/2 inch or smaller. Normally, the head can
be moved up and down on the column by loosening the locking bolts.
 Power feed drill machine
10

11.  The power-feed drilling machines are usually larger and heavier than the hand-feed. They
are equipped with the ability to feed the cutting tool into the work automatically, usually
in thousand them of an inch per revolution. These machines are used in maintenance
shops for medium duty work, or work that uses large drills that require power feed.
 The power-feed capability is needed for drills or cutting took that are over 1/2 inch in
diameter, because they require more force to cut than that which can be provided by
using hand pressure. The speeds available on power-feed machine can vary from about
50 RPM to about 1,800 RPM. Thus lower speeds allow for special operations, such as
counter boring, Countersinking, and reaming.
10.Vertical mini drilling / milling machine
 This Mini Milling/Drilling Machine is capable of machining metal and non metallic stock
by cutting, drilling, and milling. It can cut circular surfaces, both inside and out, cones,
mill planes or grooves, and other cutting functions depending on the tools used. The
machine consists of the following main components as shown in the photo below.
o
11

12.  Specification of mini vertical milling / drilling machine table
 ITEM  DESCRIPTION
 Motor  4/5 HP
 Speed ranges  0 ~ 1100 low RPM and 0 ~ 2500 high
RPM
 Spindle  R-8 Taper
 Chuck  JT33 Taper; 7/64 to 1/2 inch capacity
 End mill capacity  1/2 inch
 Face mill capacity  1 inch
 Drill capacity  1/2 inch
 Power consumption  120 VAC, 60 Hz, single phase
 Weight  115 lbs.
 
11. WELDING
 Welding is a fabrication process used to join materials, usually metals or thermoplastics,
together. During welding, the pieces to be joined (the work pieces) are melted at the
joining interface and usually a filler material is added to form a pool of molten material
(the weld pool) that solidifies to become a strong joint.
 In contrast, Soldering and Brazing do not involve melting the work piece but rather a
lower-melting-point material is melted between the work pieces to bond them together.
 Welding Terminology
 There is some special technical vocabulary (or language) that is used in
welding. The basic terms of the welding language include:
 Filler Material: When welding two pieces of metal together, we often have to leave
space between the joint. The material that is added to fill this space during the welding
process is known as the filler material (or filler metal). Two types of filler metals are
commonly used in welding are welding rods and welding electrodes.
 Welding Rod: The term welding rod refers to a form of filler metal that does not
conduct an electric current during the welding process. The only purpose of a welding rod
12

13. is to supply filler metal to the joint. This type of filler metal is often used for gas welding.
 Electrode:In electric-arc welding, the term electrode refers to the component that
conducts the current from the electrode holder to the metal being welded. Electrodes are
classified into two groups: consumable and non-consumable.
 Consumable electrodes not only provide a path for the current but them also supply filler
metal to the joint. An example is the electrode used in shielded metal-arc welding.
 Non-consumable electrodes are only used as a conductor for the electrical current, such
as in gas tungsten arc welding. The filler metal for gas tungsten arc welding is a hand fed
consumable welding rod.
 Flux: Before performing any welding process, the base metal must be cleaned form
impurities such as oxides (rust). Unless these oxides are removed by using a proper flux,
a faulty weld may result. The term flux refers to a material used to dissolve oxides and
release trapped gases and slag (impurities) from the base metal such that the filler metal
and the base metal can be fused together. Fluxes come in the form of a paste, powder, or
liquid. Different types of fluxes are available and the selection of appropriate flux is
usually based on the type of welding and the type of the base metal.
 Types of Welding
 There are many different types of welding processes and in general they can be
categorized as:
 Arc Welding: A welding power supply is used to create and maintain an electric arc
between an electrode and the base material to melt metals at the welding point. In such
welding processes the power supply could be AC or DC, the electrode could be
consumable or non-consumable and a filler material may or may not be added.
 The most common types of arc welding are:
 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW):
 A process that uses a coated consumable electrode to lay the weld. As the electrode
melts, the (flux) coating disintegrates, giving off shielding gases that protect the weld
13

14. area from atmospheric gases and provides molten slag which covers the filler metal as it
travels from the electrode to the weld pool. Once part of the weld pool, the slag floats
to the surface and protects the weld from contamination as it solidifies. Once hardened,
the slag must be chipped away to reveal the finished weld.

 Fig no. 5 (shielded metal arc welding)
 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW): A process in which a continuous and
consumable wire electrode and a shielding gas (usually an argon and carbon dioxide
mixture) are fed through a welding gun.
 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW): A process that uses a no consumable
tungsten electrode to produce the weld. The weld area is protected from atmospheric
contamination by a shielding gas, and a filler metal that is fed manually is usually used.
o Gas Welding:
 In this method a focused high temperature flame generated by gas combustion is used to
melt the work pieces (and filler) together. The most common type of gas welding is Oxy-
fuel welding where acetylene is combusted in oxygen

14

15.  Fig no. 6 (gas welding)
o Resistance Welding:
 Resistance welding involves the generation of heat by passing a high current (1000–
100,000 A) through the resistance caused by the contact between two or more metal
surfaces where that causes pools of molten metal to be formed
 At the weld area.

 (Fig. of resistance welding)
o Solid-State Welding:
 In contrast to other welding methods, solid-state welding processes do not involve the
melting of the materials being joined. Common types of solid-state welding include;
ultrasonic welding, explosion welding, etc.
12. What are Gear Trains?
o As the name indicates it is the train of gears. When more than one gear is arranged
together for transmitting torque or power from one system to another system then
the arrangement is called a gear train. The size of the gear trains can be very small
(in a wristwatch) to very large (in an industrial gear box).The arrangement of the
15

16. gear train depends upon the amount of torque to be transmitted, the orientation of
the input and the output shafts, and the size of the gear box.
 Types of Gear Trains
 Simple Gear Trains: In this type of gear train, only a pair of gears is engaged with
each other. The input and the output shaft are necessarily being parallel to each other.
o As the gear reduction ratio increases, the size of the gear train also increases, and
this is one of the limitations of using simple gear trains for large reduction ratio.
o
 Compound Gear Train: More than one gear is fixed to one shaft for the compound
gear train.You can see from the above picture that a compound gear train is actually
combination of more than one simple gear train. For large reduction ratios, compound
gear trains are preferred over simple gear trains.
16

17. 
 Reverted Gear Train: This is also a kind of compound gear train. Here, the input
shaft and output shaft are collinear to each other.

 Variable Gear Train: Variable gear train is a compound gear train, which has a
variable gear reduction ratio. These types of gear trains are used widely in automobile
manual transmission systems. See the above two pictures to understand how the gear
reduction ratio can vary from 1:2 to 1:5. The variable gear train is often coupled with a
clutch. The clutch is activated while shifting the gear from one ratio to another one. The
17

18. reason why most automobiles use this gear train is because of its ability to achieve
variable gear ratio without increasing complexity or decreasing efficiency.

 Sun and Planet Gear Trains: Here, different gears are arranged in a cyclic manner
instead of the linear manner. That’s why this arrangement is also known as epicyclic gear
train. The sun and planet gear train is constructed using a big gear at center (sun) and few
small surrounding gears (planet) typically. However, more complex types of epicyclic
gears are also used, where the compound gears and ring gears are used in the gear train.

Gear designe and engg data for differential gear
 Description: AGMA Fine Pitch Tolerances for Gears, Critical Scuffing
Temperature for Gears, Gear Application, Gear Pitch Conversions, Gear and
Tooth Component Illustration, Gear Formula, Gear Terminology and
18

19. Definitions, Gears Lubrication General, Gear Type and Overview, Gears Wear,
Failure and Lubrication, Gear Pitting and Lubrication, Gear Lubricant
Characteristics and Viscosity, more..
 Using the Car Gears
 Essentially the rule is: The higher your speed the higher your gear, the lower your
speed the lower your gear
1st is lowest and 5th or 6th is highest
 Before you read through the next section imagine for a moment you're on a bicycle
 When you first move off you have to put a lot of energy into making your bicycle move,
but as you pick up speed you gradually reduce the energy needed to maintain your higher
speed.
 If you brake and slow down you have to increase the energy to get you going again
 You can apply the same logic to the gears in your car
 Just imagine going round a corner on a bicycle, you'd slow down on the approach and
then use more energy to increase your speed once you'd straightened up in your new road
 Need more acceleration on a bicycle?
 Then pedal harder
 Need more acceleration in a car?
 Then use a lower gear to make the engine work harder
 OK, what do the gears actually do?
19

20.  1ST
GEAR: Think of this gear as. "When I first move". The engine has to work hard to
move the car, you and your passengers from a stationary position
 2ND
GEAR: OK, 1ST gear got you going, so does the engine need to work quite so hard
now that it's got you moving? That's 2ND gear
 3RD
GEAR: As your speed increases and the car picks up even more momentum, the
car doesn't need to work quite so hard as it did in 2ND gear. That's 3RD gear
 4TH
GEAR: Now you've got your speed up to a suitable level, let's say 30mph. Your
engine doesn't need to work quite so hard to maintain this chosen speed. That's 4TH gear
 5TH
GEAR: This one causes confusion. Some engines run happily in 5TH gear at
30mph, others struggle
 6TH
GEAR: gear is best used when you have a constant speed that your engine is happy
with
 Gears allow a car to be driven with the minimum strain on the engine. Modern cars
usually have five forward and one reverse gear, although some cars now have a sixth
forward which gives greater fuel economy when driving at higher speeds over longer
distances.
 To change gear in a car:
 Release the accelerator pedal and at the same time press the clutch pedal down.
 Remove your left hand from the steering wheel, cup it around the gear knob and move
the lever gently but positively from one position to another.
 Return your left hand to the steering wheel.
 Release the clutch pedal slowly and simultaneously apply power by pressing down on the
accelerator pedal.
 Whilst changing gear you must always keep your eyes on the road. The sound of the
engine can tell you when you need to change gear. As you accelerate the engine will
come to sound whiny and take on a higher pitch. This is because the engine is reaching its
limits for the gear you are in. When you hear this you should change up.
20

21.  Remember:
 The low gears provide lots of acceleration but run out of steam before the vehicle is
moving very quickly.
 The high gears provide the speed but not the acceleration.
 For a smooth ride you should avoid "snatching" (changing gear with too much force). To
make the gear change smoother, let the gearshift pause for a second as it crosses the
neutral zone.
 On your driving test the examiner will expect you to:
 Choose the right gear for the speed you need to travel at, and for the road conditions you
face.
 Change gear smoothly, safely and under control.
 Return your hand to the steering wheel once you have changed gear.
 Don't look at the gear lever while changing gear.
 Don't coast with the clutch pedal down or the gear lever in neutral.
 Block changing
 You don't have to use the gears in exact sequence. Where appropriate, you can miss a
gear. This is called block changing. Say you are driving at 60mph but have to brake and
slow the car to 20mph. Here you wouldn't have to change down through the gears but
could go from fifth to third, or even to second. Likewise, you can block change up, while
accelerating you could change from third into fifth, a method which helps save fuel.
Block changes also reduces wear on the clutch as it is used less often.
 Selecting a lower gear whilst accelerating
 Lower gears provide greater power and acceleration. Sometimes you will need to change
to a lower gear because you need a burst of power and acceleration, for example when
overtaking.
 The engine brake
 When you remove your foot from the accelerator the engine automatically slows the car,
this is known as the engine brake. In high gears this effect is hardly noticeable but in low
gears the engine brake is much more noticeable and is an effective way of slowing the
car.
21

22.  Driving downhill
 You should select a lower gear when driving downhill, so the engine brake helps to
control your speed.
 FIRST - The gear giving the greatest power
but lowest speed. Used for moving off,
manoeuvres and negotiating hazards.

 SECOND - Used for slow speed situations
such as roundabouts and junctions, for
moving off downhill and for increasing
speed after moving off.

22

23.  THIRD - Used for driving uphill, through a
hazard at speed and where a greater degree
of power is needed than fourth will allow.

 FOURTH - Low power but the greatest speed range. Used for
most driving situations at and over 30 mph where there are no
hazard to negotiate.

 FIFTH - Lowest power, highest speed. Used
for high speed cruising on dual
carriageways, motorways and other such
open roads.
23

24. 
 REVERSE - A high powered gear used for
driving the vehicle backwards.

 on your test, when changing gears, the examiner will expect you to:
 Use the controls smoothly and correctly
 Balance the accelerator and clutch to move away smoothly
 Accelerate evenly
 Avoid stalling the car
 Choose the right gear and change in good time before a hazard
 Brake gently and in good time
 Know how and when to apply the hand brake
24

25.  On your driving test, when steering a car, the examiner will expect you
to:
 Hold the steering wheel at either the ten-to-two or quarter-to-three position.
 Steer smoothly and at the correct time.
 Avoid crossing your hands over one another when turning.
 Avoid letting the wheel spin back through your hands when straightening up.
 Avoid weaving in and out between parked cars.
 Obey lane markings.
 You should keep both hands on the steering wheel all the time the
car is moving unless operating another hand control or giving a
signal. You should never take both hands off the wheel whilst the
vehicle is moving.
 To steer a straight course, look well ahead - you will always tend
to go where you are looking. You must be able to operate the main
controls without looking at them, and away from the road.
Looking down to locate any such controls will result in the vehicle
wandering from side to side.
 Pull Push Steering
o To turn the car you should use the 'push-pull' method. This
means feeding the steering wheel through your hands so
that one hand is always gripping the wheel. For example, to
turn right, pull the steering wheel downwards with your
right hand and at the same time slide your left hand down
the rim so that both hands end up at the same height on the
wheel. Then change the grip to your left hand and push the
wheel further round, at the same time allowing your right
hand to slide up the rim of the wheel. You may need to
repeat these steps according to the angle through which the
front wheels need to turn.
o
 Dry Steering
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26. o Turning the steering wheel when the car isn't moving is called dry steering. This is
something you should try and avoid as it puts undue strain on the steering
mechanism and causes premature wear to the front tyres. If carrying out a low
speed manoeuvre, such as turning in the road, you should get the car moving
before you start to steer.
 Steering Lock
 When you turn the steering wheel as far as it will go it is at full lock. This is the
maximum angle the front wheels will reach. On full lock the car's turning circle is at it's
smallest.
 Safety Tip
 When removing a hand from the steering wheel to operate other controls such as the
radio, always make sure you are steering straight ahead, as steering around a bend with
only one hand on the steering wheel makes it much more difficult to accurately steer the
car.
 Power-Assisted Steering (PAS)
 Nearly all cars have PAS fitted as standard. It makes steering a car a lot easier as less
physical effort is needed to turn the steering wheel. It is especially useful when
manoeuvring a car at low speeds, so is a great help when parking in tight spaces etc.
13.MY ROLL IN COMPANY:
 Record the no. of machine open
 Find out region to opening the machine
 To find out the solution of problem by help of supervisor
 Record the tools used in the dissemble the machine
 Record the equipment change the machine
 Help the machine assembling process
 To check gear teeth, oiling level grease
 Clean the different internal part of machine
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27.  To check the fault of machine with group work
 Basic cleaning the machine
 Keep knowledge of opened machine etc.
14.REASION FOR TRAINING:
 To apply theoretical knowledge in industries
 To improve the technical skills
 To improve the knowledge about different machine
 To take the information of industry working method
 Taking the idea about group working
 To improve the knowledge about tools used in the maintenance section
 To changing the theoretical knowledge into industry practically work
 Improvement of personal skills

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28. 15.FEATURE OF COMPANY
 The good marketing demand of the machine parts which making this company
 Improvement the size of company
 Making market value and position of this company.
16.MY WORK
 I have keep record about all machine operation
 Component used in the machine
 Cleaning the machine
 To help the assembling and dissembling the machine
 Changing the component of machine
 Record the machine Para meter
 Keep the name of internal machine parts
 Check the strength of machine parts
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29.  Keep the production record etc.
17.CONCLUSION
o Hence I have completed my summer training, so I am satisfying my complete
working method. In the treading period I am taking lot of information about
practically in my related field. Very large improvement of knowledge about
machine which are used in the company, cleared the practically problems. In the
training period uses tools which different types.
The obtained results show good for me it’s so helpful for me & my career.
I have studied & worked in these all the machining operation that’s so important
for me.
18.REFERENCE
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30.  All figure are taking www.piatinumchevrolet.com
 All theoretical data are taking by company manuals
 All tables are taking by hand file of production department of this company
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