This document discusses metrology measurements and techniques. It introduces digital fringe projection as a method for inline roughness measurement that can measure roughness in 10 milliseconds, allowing for over 10,000 measurements per hour. It also discusses using drone imaging to detect corrosion on infrastructure and quantifying the level of corrosion. Finally, it discusses an ongoing project called Super Mould that aims to reduce adhesion and friction between plastics and molds in injection molding through surface coatings and texturing.
IRDC Theory and practice of building instruments for diffuse reflectance meas...Bob Schumann
IDRC 2016 presentation by Dr. Jerome Workman, Unity Scientific, outlining theory and practice of building NIR instrumentation for diffuse reflectance measurements.
Interpreting Laser Diffraction Results for Non-Spherical ParticlesHORIBA Particle
Particle shape can have a profound impact on particle size distribution (PSD) measurements. In the case of Laser Diffraction, the shape and aspect ratio of particles alter the diffraction pattern used to determine PSD, which is calculated on the basis of equivalent spherical diameter. For instance, it has been established that the reported size of an ellipsoid is always smaller than the physical major dimension of the particle. Furthermore, when non-spherical particles align within a flowing sample, laser diffraction instruments typically report a bi-modal size distribution even in the case of monodisperse samples.
Equipped with only qualitative knowledge of particle shape, the particle analyst can resolve this inherent ambiguity and use laser diffraction to obtain quantitative information (such as aspect ratio) about non-spherical particles. This webinar explains the origin of this effect, describes how to interpret PSD data in such cases, and demonstrates several practical applications for measurements of crystals, bacteria, and clays.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
Exosomes: Exploiting the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Nature’s Bio...HORIBA Particle
Research on exosomes and other forms of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have rapidly expanded over the last two decades. These lipid-enclosed, nanoscale messengers are released from cells packed with diverse cargo and can travel long distances to modify the function of target cells. Found in abundant quantities in biological fluids like blood, there is great clinical interest in using EVs as diagnostic markers or altering their properties for therapeutic delivery. Tune in to find out more about what exosomes are, how researchers study them, and what challenges remain. This talk will highlight multi-laser nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) with the ViewSizer 3000 and what it offers in exosome research.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
Se-2000 for modular design provides modularity and high measurement performance in a compact table footprint. This cost effective tool includes automatic sample positioning suitable for R&D laboratories and production quality monitoring.
IRDC Theory and practice of building instruments for diffuse reflectance meas...Bob Schumann
IDRC 2016 presentation by Dr. Jerome Workman, Unity Scientific, outlining theory and practice of building NIR instrumentation for diffuse reflectance measurements.
Interpreting Laser Diffraction Results for Non-Spherical ParticlesHORIBA Particle
Particle shape can have a profound impact on particle size distribution (PSD) measurements. In the case of Laser Diffraction, the shape and aspect ratio of particles alter the diffraction pattern used to determine PSD, which is calculated on the basis of equivalent spherical diameter. For instance, it has been established that the reported size of an ellipsoid is always smaller than the physical major dimension of the particle. Furthermore, when non-spherical particles align within a flowing sample, laser diffraction instruments typically report a bi-modal size distribution even in the case of monodisperse samples.
Equipped with only qualitative knowledge of particle shape, the particle analyst can resolve this inherent ambiguity and use laser diffraction to obtain quantitative information (such as aspect ratio) about non-spherical particles. This webinar explains the origin of this effect, describes how to interpret PSD data in such cases, and demonstrates several practical applications for measurements of crystals, bacteria, and clays.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
Exosomes: Exploiting the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Nature’s Bio...HORIBA Particle
Research on exosomes and other forms of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have rapidly expanded over the last two decades. These lipid-enclosed, nanoscale messengers are released from cells packed with diverse cargo and can travel long distances to modify the function of target cells. Found in abundant quantities in biological fluids like blood, there is great clinical interest in using EVs as diagnostic markers or altering their properties for therapeutic delivery. Tune in to find out more about what exosomes are, how researchers study them, and what challenges remain. This talk will highlight multi-laser nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) with the ViewSizer 3000 and what it offers in exosome research.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
Se-2000 for modular design provides modularity and high measurement performance in a compact table footprint. This cost effective tool includes automatic sample positioning suitable for R&D laboratories and production quality monitoring.
2+3D Photography 2017 – INV 7 The 3D Image Capture Moonshot: Managing the Ene...rijksmuseum
Spectral data has arrived with the new iccMAX specification. This will lead to significant improvements in multi-ink printing where color separation will be based on spectral matching. It also provides a framework for combining scientific and studio photography for image archiving. Multispectral photography bridges hyperspectral imaging, used in conservation science, and RGB imaging, used in the studio. Two approaches will be described. The first is dual-RGB where an RGB camera and two colored filters (or lights) combine to form a five-channel multispectral camera. The second is a conventional system consisting of a monochrome camera and filter wheel. This new seven-filter multispectral system was designed with three quality criteria: high color accuracy, moderate spectral accuracy, and low color transformation noise.
Multispectral imaging is a digital imaging technique that adds depth to understanding cultural heritage collections. It is a unique technology combining components from cross-disciplinary fields, thus requiring diverse standards, practices, and workflows. This poses challenges when integrating this system into a digitization lab with pre-established methods of operation, but is nonetheless feasible, as demonstrated by the collaboration between the Preservation Research and Testing Division of the Library of Congress (USA) and the digitization labs of The John Rylands Library, University of Manchester (UK).
Particle Classroom Series II: The Basics of Laser DiffractionHORIBA Particle
Particle size analysis by laser diffraction offers many advantages. The technique is fast, reliable, and can be used for analyzing a wide range of particle sizes. In laser diffraction scattering as a function of angle is measured and the data used to determine the particle size distribution. The technique can be used over a very wide range of particle sizes -- 10's of nm to 100's of microns. In addition it is very fast and reliable. In this webinar, Dr. Jeff Bodycomb will discuss:
Exactly what happens when light strikes a particle
Light intensity and how it effects the measurement
Fraunhofer vs. Mie
Real and imaginary refractive index values
This is a great introduction to someone who wants to understand the science behind the measurement.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
Concentration and Size of Viruses and Virus-like ParticlesHORIBA Particle
Accurate concentration for virus and virus-like particles can be determined by multi-laser nanoparticle tracking analysis due to the fact they are nanoparticles. Other biologically relevant materials will have sizes that are close to those of viruses, whether they are protein aggregates that provoke an unwanted immune response or exosomes with a similar size and do not provoke an immune response.
In this webinar, Dr. Jeff Bodycomb will discuss the use of multi-laser nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) to determine the size distribution and concentration of these species, the latter which is correlated to viral infectivity.
Learn more about:
-How NTA determines concentration and size distribution
-Advantages and limits of the multi-laser technique
-Example measurement results
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
Modern Laser Diffraction for Particle AnalysisHORIBA Particle
Laser Diffraction is the most popular technique in modern particle sizing. It can be used to rapidly and reliably determine the size and size distribution particles with sizes from 10's of nanometers to a few millimeters.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
Modern Particle Characterization Techniques Series: Laser DiffractionHORIBA Particle
This part two of the webinar series will introduce participants to basic experimental considerations when choosing laser diffraction for particle size analysis. The presentation will explain what makes laser diffraction a “modern technique.” Both wet and dry case studies will be shown along with brief demonstration videos.
In this webinar, you will learn:
- Method development
- Choosing an appropriate refractive index
- Understanding the analysis results
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
Selecting the Best Particle Size Analyzer for your ApplicationHORIBA Particle
Mark Bumiller from HORIBA Particle discusses the benefits and limitations of modern particle size analyzers and ideas on how to approach the choice of a new measurement technique or instrument.
This presentation is archived with the original webinar video in the Download Center at www.horiba.com/us/particle.
The COREMA system allow for non-destructive resistivity testing of semi-insulating wafers made with materials such as SiC, GaN, GaAs and CdZnTe. The range is 1E5- 1E12 ohm-cm.
Particle Classroom Series VI: Method DevelopmentHORIBA Particle
Great results need a great method. In order to compare different lots of material or different manufacturing approaches, variation due to sample preparation should be minimized. Should the sample be run in suspension or as a dry powder? What salts or surfactants are needed for the suspension? How much energy should be applied and how? Systematically determining the answers to these questions is method development.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
How and Why to Analyze Ceramic Powder ParticlesHORIBA Particle
Packing density, mechanical strength, and processing of ceramics are all affected by the size distribution of the powders. Therefore, particle size analysis is an important quality control step. Due to its wide size range and flexibility, laser diffraction is often the preferred method of analysis. Laser diffraction can be used for particles with sizes from 10’s of nanometers to millimeters. In this webinar, Dr. Jeff Bodycomb of HORIBA Scientific discusses particle analysis of ceramic particles, including electronic materials and common oxides. He will cover the basic principles of analysis, practical methods for obtaining good data, and example data.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
Particle Classroom Series IV: System VerificationHORIBA Particle
Confirming the performance of a particle analyzer is a critical step in ensuring and proving data quality. Join Dr. Jeff Bodycomb as he discusses performance expectations, confirming system performance, and recommended practices. This is part four of a six-part classroom series.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
Why Customizable Imaging Software is Better than a "Jack of All Trades"Olympus IMS
In manufacturing today, many types of image analysis are being performed to meet the different needs of various industries and applications. For this reason, many imaging software and microscope companies have created software that serves as a “jack of all trades,” giving you a variety of tools that seemingly allow you to accomplish just about anything.
The problem with these broad software tools is that there is more than one way to perform many imaging processes, and there can be lots of variability between different operators. Solution-based software, on the other hand, takes a look at very specific customer applications and processes and maps them step-by-step into the software. This creates a much easier to use piece of software with less variation between operators, and allows for more repeatable results in your analysis.
For more information, visit: http://www.olympus-ims.com/en/insight/customizable-imaging-software-better-than-jack-of-all-trades/
Accurately Measure Concentration of Nanoparticles in ColloidsHORIBA Particle
In this presentation, Dr. Jan "Kuba" Tatarkiewicz discusses the influence of various experimental parameters determined by different methods to measure the concentration of particles in colloids, especially in poly-dispersed and poly-material samples. Dr. Tatarkiewicz compares the principles of measurements for established technologies such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), flow cytometry (FC), resistive pulse sensing (Coulter), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) as well as improvements introduced to the latter by multispectral advanced nanoparticle tracking analysis (MANTA). Dr. Tatarkiewicz will present experimental results obtained for standardized samples and colloids encountered in research studies in diverse fields of interest.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
2+3D Photography 2017 – INV 7 The 3D Image Capture Moonshot: Managing the Ene...rijksmuseum
Spectral data has arrived with the new iccMAX specification. This will lead to significant improvements in multi-ink printing where color separation will be based on spectral matching. It also provides a framework for combining scientific and studio photography for image archiving. Multispectral photography bridges hyperspectral imaging, used in conservation science, and RGB imaging, used in the studio. Two approaches will be described. The first is dual-RGB where an RGB camera and two colored filters (or lights) combine to form a five-channel multispectral camera. The second is a conventional system consisting of a monochrome camera and filter wheel. This new seven-filter multispectral system was designed with three quality criteria: high color accuracy, moderate spectral accuracy, and low color transformation noise.
Multispectral imaging is a digital imaging technique that adds depth to understanding cultural heritage collections. It is a unique technology combining components from cross-disciplinary fields, thus requiring diverse standards, practices, and workflows. This poses challenges when integrating this system into a digitization lab with pre-established methods of operation, but is nonetheless feasible, as demonstrated by the collaboration between the Preservation Research and Testing Division of the Library of Congress (USA) and the digitization labs of The John Rylands Library, University of Manchester (UK).
Particle Classroom Series II: The Basics of Laser DiffractionHORIBA Particle
Particle size analysis by laser diffraction offers many advantages. The technique is fast, reliable, and can be used for analyzing a wide range of particle sizes. In laser diffraction scattering as a function of angle is measured and the data used to determine the particle size distribution. The technique can be used over a very wide range of particle sizes -- 10's of nm to 100's of microns. In addition it is very fast and reliable. In this webinar, Dr. Jeff Bodycomb will discuss:
Exactly what happens when light strikes a particle
Light intensity and how it effects the measurement
Fraunhofer vs. Mie
Real and imaginary refractive index values
This is a great introduction to someone who wants to understand the science behind the measurement.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
Concentration and Size of Viruses and Virus-like ParticlesHORIBA Particle
Accurate concentration for virus and virus-like particles can be determined by multi-laser nanoparticle tracking analysis due to the fact they are nanoparticles. Other biologically relevant materials will have sizes that are close to those of viruses, whether they are protein aggregates that provoke an unwanted immune response or exosomes with a similar size and do not provoke an immune response.
In this webinar, Dr. Jeff Bodycomb will discuss the use of multi-laser nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) to determine the size distribution and concentration of these species, the latter which is correlated to viral infectivity.
Learn more about:
-How NTA determines concentration and size distribution
-Advantages and limits of the multi-laser technique
-Example measurement results
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
Modern Laser Diffraction for Particle AnalysisHORIBA Particle
Laser Diffraction is the most popular technique in modern particle sizing. It can be used to rapidly and reliably determine the size and size distribution particles with sizes from 10's of nanometers to a few millimeters.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
Modern Particle Characterization Techniques Series: Laser DiffractionHORIBA Particle
This part two of the webinar series will introduce participants to basic experimental considerations when choosing laser diffraction for particle size analysis. The presentation will explain what makes laser diffraction a “modern technique.” Both wet and dry case studies will be shown along with brief demonstration videos.
In this webinar, you will learn:
- Method development
- Choosing an appropriate refractive index
- Understanding the analysis results
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
Selecting the Best Particle Size Analyzer for your ApplicationHORIBA Particle
Mark Bumiller from HORIBA Particle discusses the benefits and limitations of modern particle size analyzers and ideas on how to approach the choice of a new measurement technique or instrument.
This presentation is archived with the original webinar video in the Download Center at www.horiba.com/us/particle.
The COREMA system allow for non-destructive resistivity testing of semi-insulating wafers made with materials such as SiC, GaN, GaAs and CdZnTe. The range is 1E5- 1E12 ohm-cm.
Particle Classroom Series VI: Method DevelopmentHORIBA Particle
Great results need a great method. In order to compare different lots of material or different manufacturing approaches, variation due to sample preparation should be minimized. Should the sample be run in suspension or as a dry powder? What salts or surfactants are needed for the suspension? How much energy should be applied and how? Systematically determining the answers to these questions is method development.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
How and Why to Analyze Ceramic Powder ParticlesHORIBA Particle
Packing density, mechanical strength, and processing of ceramics are all affected by the size distribution of the powders. Therefore, particle size analysis is an important quality control step. Due to its wide size range and flexibility, laser diffraction is often the preferred method of analysis. Laser diffraction can be used for particles with sizes from 10’s of nanometers to millimeters. In this webinar, Dr. Jeff Bodycomb of HORIBA Scientific discusses particle analysis of ceramic particles, including electronic materials and common oxides. He will cover the basic principles of analysis, practical methods for obtaining good data, and example data.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
Particle Classroom Series IV: System VerificationHORIBA Particle
Confirming the performance of a particle analyzer is a critical step in ensuring and proving data quality. Join Dr. Jeff Bodycomb as he discusses performance expectations, confirming system performance, and recommended practices. This is part four of a six-part classroom series.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
Why Customizable Imaging Software is Better than a "Jack of All Trades"Olympus IMS
In manufacturing today, many types of image analysis are being performed to meet the different needs of various industries and applications. For this reason, many imaging software and microscope companies have created software that serves as a “jack of all trades,” giving you a variety of tools that seemingly allow you to accomplish just about anything.
The problem with these broad software tools is that there is more than one way to perform many imaging processes, and there can be lots of variability between different operators. Solution-based software, on the other hand, takes a look at very specific customer applications and processes and maps them step-by-step into the software. This creates a much easier to use piece of software with less variation between operators, and allows for more repeatable results in your analysis.
For more information, visit: http://www.olympus-ims.com/en/insight/customizable-imaging-software-better-than-jack-of-all-trades/
Accurately Measure Concentration of Nanoparticles in ColloidsHORIBA Particle
In this presentation, Dr. Jan "Kuba" Tatarkiewicz discusses the influence of various experimental parameters determined by different methods to measure the concentration of particles in colloids, especially in poly-dispersed and poly-material samples. Dr. Tatarkiewicz compares the principles of measurements for established technologies such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), flow cytometry (FC), resistive pulse sensing (Coulter), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) as well as improvements introduced to the latter by multispectral advanced nanoparticle tracking analysis (MANTA). Dr. Tatarkiewicz will present experimental results obtained for standardized samples and colloids encountered in research studies in diverse fields of interest.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
In this presentation, we cover how to pick the right technology to measure a coating thickness.
- An introduction to coatings
- Why coatings are used in industry
- Why to measure the thickness of a coating
- The best methods for coating thickness measurement
For more information, visit: Olympus-IMS.com.
Improved Visualization, Counting and Sizing of Polydisperse Nanoparticle Coll...HORIBA Particle
The ViewSizer® 3000 offers the ability to visualize nanoparticle colloids without requiring calibration standards or knowledge of any particle material properties, such as refractive index. It was developed by MANTA – the Most Advanced Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis – and offers the user an unprecedented ability to count and size highly polydispersed samples, such as milk, sea water, or blood plasma.
View recorded webinars:
http://bit.ly/particlewebinars
3D Characterisation of Pore Distribution in Resin Film Infused CompositesFabien Léonard
This paper presents an investigation of voids in carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites manufactured by resin film infusion using X-ray computed tomography (XCT). Two panels were investigated, one formed with a high viscosity resin, the other with a lower viscosity resin. The study focusses on the characterisation of the 3D distribution of voids in the panels. A new approach to the measurement of defect distribution demonstrated that in both panels, the voids were located close to the binder yarn. When the low viscosity resin was employed, the void distribution was more uniform throughout the panel thickness whereas for the high viscosity resin, the voids were mainly localised in the central part of the panel. Both qualitative and quantitative data were obtained giving extensive, three dimensional information which aids a better understanding of the manufacturing process.
3D Characterisation of Void Distribution in Resin Film Infused CompositesFabien Léonard
This paper presents an investigation of voids in carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites
manufactured by resin film infusion using X-ray computed tomography (XCT). Two panels were
investigated, one formed with a high viscosity resin, the other with a lower viscosity resin. The study
focusses on the characterisation of the 3D distribution of voids in the panels. A new approach to the
measurement of defect distribution demonstrated that in both panels, the voids were located close to
the binder yarn. When the low viscosity resin was employed, the void distribution was more uniform
throughout the panel thickness whereas for the high viscosity resin, the voids were mainly localised in
the central part of the panel. Both qualitative and quantitative data were obtained giving extensive,
three dimensional information which aids a better understanding of the manufacturing process.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. Overview of talk
17 April 2018 2
Introduction to DFM
Introduction to Metrology Measurements
Example of Metrology measurements
Super Mould
What is it all about
How do we reduce adhesion and friction
Instruction for guided tour
3. • Radiometri
• Spektroskopi
• Lasere
• Fiberoptik
• LED karakterisering
• Nano partikler
• Overflade karakterisering
• Partikeltælling
• Kalibrering af partikeltællere
• Ledningsevne
• pH
• Ultra rent vand
• Mikrofon kalibrering
• Infra- og ultralydsmålinger
• 3D visualisering af
lydfelter
• Akustooptiske målinger
Basal metrologi
• Masse, længde, DC spænding, resistans og
matematiske metoder
• Koordinering af dansk metrologi
• Deltagelse i globalt metrologisamarbejde
Fotonik Nanometrologi Elektrokemi Akustik
4. Primære
Reference
Lokale
Hvad er det DFM kan?
17 April 2018 4
Målinger
• Fotonik
• Nanometrologi
• Elektrokemi
• Akustik
Specifikation af måleudstyr
Kalibrering af måleudstyr
Måletekniske procedurer
Dataanalyse
Usikkerhedsberegninger
Kvalitetssikring, hjælp til certificering
Adgang til sporbarhed bl.a. nanopartikler
Dokumentation
Netværk til forskningsverdenen og
industripartnere
Projektsamarbejde
Implementering af standarder
5. Vores nye facilitet i
Hørsholm
18-04-17 5
Kogle Allé 5, 2970 Hørsholm
2300 m2 (1265 m2 i Lyngby)
Nye laboratorier
Akkrediterede ydelser
genoptages
6. Introduction to Metrology Measurements:
The important steps
17 April 2018 6
Have a procedure
Calibrate your instrument
Compare the calibration results over time
Estimate your uncertainties
Black box calibration is dangerous, you should have
some understanding of your system
7. How a stylus and a Microscope works
Tip radius: r tip = 2 μm , 5 μm , 10 μm
• Cone taper angle (q= 2*a): 60º, 90º
A Microscope is a “stylus” with smaller tip radius and better statistic
Lateral resolution is different for different instruments
8. Height measurement with a microscope
17 April 2018 8
Slope?
Known height values
Measuredheightvalues
Sample calibration at nom. 8046 nm Ref. step-height [nm] = 8046±14 (k=2)
Sample=SHS-8 Data from SensoFar calibration Relative
Microscope objective Mode/light Amplfication factor
Amplfication factor
uncertainty
(std.dev)
Step height
determined
by SensoFar
h [nm] UNF [nm] Ureprod [nm] Urepeat [nm]
Utotal [nm]
(k=2)
Uncertainty
(k=2)
DI10 VSI/white 0.99883 0.00291 8035.1 2.9 12.3 4.2 53.8 0.67% -0.14%
DI10 ePSI/white 0.99897 0.00291 8023.7 2.7 1.8 3.7 47.8 0.60% -0.28%
DI50 VSI/white 1.00108 0.00105 8046.3 2.2 0.6 4.8 20.0 0.25% 0.00%
x50 conf/blue 1.00383 0.00204 8045.8 5.4 14.7 2.6 45.5 0.57% 0.00%
x150 conf/blue 0.99800 0.00094 8045.8 3.6 2.8 1.4 17.9 0.22% 0.00%
Uncertainty
on step height Rel. Difference
from reference
measurement
with
traceability
Many Instruments have similar height measurement capability
10. Traditional Roughness
10
𝑅𝑞 =
1
𝑙
𝑍2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑙
0
𝑅𝑎 =
1
𝑙
𝑍 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑙
0
The roughness parameters used
does not describe the surface but
the unevenness of z
11. https://www.microscopyu.com/microscopy-basics/modulation-transfer-function
Rough guide for selecting Objective
Bright
field
Objectives
Numerical
Aperture
Roughness Waviness Unevenness
(z)
5x 0.15 No No No
20x 0.4 No/OK Good Good Contact profilometer
50x 0.8 OK Good Good
50x 0.95 Good Good Good
100x 0.95 Good OK Good Field of view too small for
waviness?
150x 0.95 Good No Good Field of view too small for
waviness?
Roughness measurements: Good lateral & vertical
resolution
14. 18-04-17
Precision Metrology Seminar 2016, Poul-Erik Hansen peh@dfm.dk
14
Inline Roughness: Getting the right result
Confocal
50x
Objective
BRDF, rBRDF and confocal gave the same results
rBRDF
(OptoSurf)BRDF
Meas. Time ~10 msec. For rBRDF
> 10000 measurements per hour
15. Inline Process control: Decorative structures
Danchip Polyoptics
≈0.70 ≈0.63
Target structure:
G ≈
1400
≈1.40
19. Super Mould
17 April 2018 19
Super-Moulds projektet har til formål at reducere klæbning
og friktion mellem plastik og forme i traditionel
sprøjtestøbning og plastformgivning via avancerede
overfladebelægninger og overfladetekstureringer.
We are in the process of finding solutions for optimizing injection molding
20. The process
17 April 2018 20
Mold machining by:
Winther Mould Technology
Height of mold: 387 mm (h)
Width: 206 mm (a)
Length: 196 mm (b)
22. Location of the Force sensor
22
Force measurements during moulding
23. Force measurements during injection cycle
17 April 2018 23
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
-300
Force[N]
Time [s]
Injection/
Clamping
Cooling and mould
opening
Ejection/
Releasing
24. Maximum ejection force
Dynamic friction
Typical ejection curve
Shear
friction
Demolding/ejection process
How do we lower friction ?
25. Friction and Surface topology
25
Is Roughness a good measure for Friction?
FrictionForce
Roughness amplitude
𝑅𝑞 =
1
𝑙
𝑍2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑙
0
𝑅𝑎 =
1
𝑙
𝑍 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑙
0
26. Is Roughness a good measure for
Friction?
26
Ra<=0.1
Ra<=0.1
• Friction is related to Surface Area
not Surface amplitude
• Ra, Rq, Rz measure Surface amplitude
27. How can we make Roughness a better
measurement of Friction
27
The minimum Surface Area:
Adhesion is stronger for smooth surface
28. How can we make Roughness a better
measurement of Friction
Adhesion is coupled to Van der Wall forces
1 Å=10-10 m=0.1 nm
We need to have a small roughness to avoid adhesion
28
R (Å)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
Distance (nm)
29. 29
Amplitude
frequency
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
10
1
10
-6
10
-4
10
-2
10
0
10
2
10
4
10
6
10
8
Slow
Fast
0 1 2 3 4 5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0 1 2 3 4 5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Friction
Roughness
How can we make Roughness a better
measurement of Friction. The solution
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
• New improved Roughness model for friction
• Same measurement, different analysis!!!!!
Idea: Divide surface into lateral periods and vertical amplitudes
30. First set of Cores (study 2)
3010
-1
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
6
10
7
10
8
10
9
10
10
10
11
1/mm
PSD(nm2/1/nm)
DI 10 Demoulded
DI 10 Laser Texture
DI Clean
Laser Texture :
Higher roughness
More slow varying roughness
More fast varying roughness
32. Guided tour at DFM
32
Mødetid kl. 12.50 i Ole Rømer
mødelokalet
Hvert hold har 6 personer
Hold 0 til 5 starter kl. 13.00, mødetid på DFM kl.
12.50
Hold 6 til 8 starter kl 13.50
Masse
(LN)
Længde
JHA)
Profilometer
(SRJ)
Process kontrol
(JSM)
Korrosion
(LJW)
Hold 0 13.00-13.10 13.10-13.20 13.20-13.30 13.30-13.40 13.40-13.50
Hold 1 13.40-13.50 13.00-13.10 13.10-13.20 13.20-13.30 13.30-13.40
Hold 2 13.30-13.40 13.40-13.50 13.00-13.10 13.10-13.20 13.20-13.30
Hold 3 13.20-13.30 13.30-13.40 13.40-13.50 13.00-13.10 13.10-13.20
Hold 4 13.10-13.20 13.20-13.30 13.30-13.40 13.40-13.50 13.00-13.10
Hold 5 14.30-14.40 13.50-14.00 14.00-14.10 14.10-14.20 14.20-14.30
Hold 6 14.20-14.30 x 13.50-14.00 14.00-14.10 14.10-14.20
Hold 7 14.10-14.20 x 14.20-14.30 13.50-14.00 14.00-14.10
Hold 8 14.00-14.10 x 14.10-14.20 14.20-14.30 13.50-14.00
33. Vores nye facilitet i
Hørsholm
18-04-17 33
Kogle Allé 5, 2970 Hørsholm
2300 m2 (1265 m2 i Lyngby)
Nye laboratorier
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