This document presents the design of an HVAC system for a hotel building in Cairo, Egypt to implement energy saving codes. It calculates cooling loads, simulates energy consumption, and designs ducts and piping. The results show reduced power consumption from 40% when the energy code is implemented with predefined operating profiles, highlighting the importance of applying such codes. Tasks included load estimation, system selection, energy simulation, duct design, and equipment selection. Various cases were analyzed with and without the energy code in Cairo and Aswan.

1. Misr University for Science and Technology
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Energy Code Implementation in Hotels-
HVAC Design and Analysis
By
Eslam Saeed Abd El -Fattah
Tarek Abd El -Rahman Shaker
A B.Sc Senior Project Report Submitted to the
Faculty of Engineering at Misr University for Science and Technology
For A Partial Fulfillment of the Bachelor Degree
In
MECHANICAL POWER ENGINEERING
Under the Supervision of
Prof. Dr. Mohamed Mohamed EL-Refaee
Professor of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Dept.
Faculty of Engineering
Misr University for Science and Technology
CAIRO, EGYPT
2013

2. II
Misr University for Science and Technology
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Energy Code Implementation in Hotels-
HVAC Design and Analysis
By
Eslam Saeed Abd El -Fattah
Tarek Abd El -Rahman Shaker
A B.Sc Senior Project Report Submitted to the
Faculty of Engineering at Misr University for Science and Technology
For A Partial Fulfillment of the Bachelor Degree
In
MECHANICAL POWER ENGINEERING
Approved by the
Examining Committee
Prof. Mahmoud Abd El -Fattah El –Kady………………………………………………………
Dean of Faculty of Engineering
Misr University for Science and Technology
Prof . Ahmed Medhat…………………………………………………………………………......
Mechanical Engineering & Energy Department
Housing & Building National Research Center “HBRC”
Prof. Mohamed M. EL-Refaee B.Sc Project Instructor …………………………...
CAIRO, EGYPT
2013

3. III
Misr University for Science and Technology
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Energy Code Implementation in Hotels-
HVAC Design and Analysis
By
Eslam Saeed Abd El -Fattah
Tarek Abd El -Rahman Shaker
A B.Sc Senior Project Report Submitted to the
Faculty of Engineering at Misr University for Science and Technology
For A Partial Fulfillment of the Bachelor Degree
In
MECHANICAL POWER ENGINEERING
CAIRO, EGYPT
2013

4. IV
ABSTRACT
The continuous increase of energy consumption around the world requires sustainable solutions
for future energy systems. With growing energy consumption, the threats of global warming of
the atmosphere increases. Recently, environmental protection agencies around the world have
developed novel energy saving schemes and codes to be implemented in industry.
The main objective of the present project is to implement the energy saving code to design a
HVAC System in Hotels. Additionally and to show the effect of implementing the energy saving
code, the HVAC design is carried out without implementing the energy saving scheme.
The tasks for the design of the HVAC system of a Hotel are conducted as follows;
a) Calculating the load estimation for hotel building.
b) Determining the suitable system for conditioning the building with the minimum cost
and maximum energy saving.
c) Energy Performances and Monthly Simulation of Energy Consumption
d) Air duct design.
e) Designing chilled water pipe lines.
f) Selection of air conditioning equipments.
In the present work, we obtain the difference between chiller cooling loads and Power
consumption in different cases:
1) The hotel is located in Cairo without implementation the energy code.(common practice)
2) The hotel is located in Cairo with implementation of the energy code with predefined
operating profiles.
3) The hotel is located in Cairo with implementation of the Energy code with 100%
operating profiles due to deviation of operation relative to real operating profiles.
4) The hotel is located in Aswan without implementation the energy code. (Common
Practice).
5) The hotel is located in Aswan with implementation the energy code with 100% operating
profiles due to deviation of operation relative to real operating profiles.
The results show the difference in power consumption between the cases showing the
importance of implementation of the energy code.
Implementation of the code with predefined operation profiles provides maximum saving
of Energy (up to 40%).

5. V
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My thanks and sincere appreciation goes to my supervisor Prof. Dr: Mohamed El –Refaee,
for giving us the opportunity to study and helping us realizing our goals.
We would like to convey my immense appreciation to Prof. Ahmed A.Medhat A.Fahim,
director of the HVAC Energy Department at the Housing & Building National Research Center ,
for his great help and concern to complete the project correctly.
We would also like to thank Eng. Mohamed Salah, Director of the electromechanical design
office at Dreamland for his guidance and encouragement throughout the research process.
We would also like to thank Prof. Mostafa Al- Sayed, chairman of the board of EGEC -
Engineering House of Expertise and Dr. Hany Al- Gohary, for giving us a special opportunity of
training in their company.
Finally, We would like to express my deepest gratitude to Our parents, Our brothers and our
sisters whose encouragement, devotion and love always motivated us to do our best and without
whom this research would not have seen the light of this day.
Above all, we Are in debt to ALLAH who has given me the health, strength and patience to
succeed in my work and persevere during this critical stage of my life

6. VI
Table of Contents
PageTitle
VIAbstract
VAcknowledgement
VITables of Contents
VIIIList of Figures
XList of Tables
1Chapter One: Introduction to Air Conditioning
11.1 Importance of Air-Conditioning Systems
11.2 Air-Conditioning Systems Design
31.3 Purpose of our Case Study
61.4 Definitions:
29Chapter Two: Calculation Approach and Design Criteria
292.1 Initial Design Consideration
312.2 Design Condition.
362.3 Operating Schedules
362.4 Date and Time
372.5 Other Consideration about Air Conditioning System
402.6 Diversity factor of cooling loads
412.7 General Guidelines
422.8 Integration Design and Construction
432.9 Hotels, Motels, and Dormitories
512.10 Acoustic and Noise Control
512.11 New Technology in Hotels
53Chapter Three: Load Estimation
533.1 Ambient Design Conditions
543.2 Human Comfort Conditions
563.3 Cooling Load Estimations
683.4 Load Characteristics
793.5 Manual Load Calculations
88Chapter Four: Energy Simulation
884.1 Introduction
884.2 Simulation of Energy for Individual Rooms in Each Floor
974.3 Monthly Simulation for Chiller Load.
984.4 Hourly Simulation for Chiller Load
158Chapter Five: Duct and Pipe System Design
1105.1 Introduction to Air Duct System
1125.2 Duct Insulation
1135.3 Types of Dampers

7. VII
1145.4 General System Design
1165.5 Economic Factors Influencing Duct Layout
1205.6 Duct Layout Considerations
1225.7 Design Methods
1235.8 Friction Chart
1285.9 Calculation Procedures
1305.10 Duct Calculations
1325.11 Introduction to Water Piping System
1335.12 Types of The Material of the Pipe
1335.13 Types of Valves
1345.14 Water Piping Design
1435.15 Procedure for Sizing Cold Water Systems
1455.16 Piping Calculations
146Appendices
147Appendix A: Weather Data
154Appendix B: Building Envelope
180Appendix C: Spaces Inputs
223Appendix D: Systems Inputs
248Appendix E: Sample Guest Room Data and Results
319Appendix F: Chilled Water System Results
414Appendix G: DX System Results
486‫المشروع‬ ‫ملخص‬
487References

8. VIII
List of Figures
Figure Title Page
Figure 1.1 Cooling Loads Components 3
Figure 1.2 ASHRAE Summer and Winter Comfort Zones 5
Figure 1.3 R.S.H.F Line Plotted between Room and Supply Air Conditions 7
Figure 1.4 GSHF Line Plotted between Mixture Conditions to Apparatus and
Leaving Condition from Apparatus.
8
Figure 1.5 GSHF Line Plotted between Mixture Conditions to Apparatus and
Leaving Condition from Apparatus.
9
Figure 1.6 RSHF and GSHF Lines Plotted on Skeleton Psychrometric Chart 10
Figure 1.7 Skeleton Psychrometric Chart 11
Figure 1.8 Coil Processes 12
Figure 1.9 Refrigeration Components and Cycle 13
Figure 1.10 Equipment Diagram for Basic Liquid Chiller 19
Figure 1.11 Decoupled System 22
Figure 1.12 Parallel Operation High Design Water Leaving Coolers
(Approximately 45°F)
23
Figure 1.13 Parallel Operation Low Design Water Leaving
Coolers (Below Approximately 45°F)
23
Figure 1.14 Series Operation 24
Figure 1.15 Heat-Recovery Control System 25
Figure 2.1 General Design and Construction Procedure 42
Figure 2.2 Alternative Location for Hotel Guest Air Conditioning Unit above
Hung Ceiling
48
Figure 2.3 Alternative Location for Hotel Guest Air-Conditioning Unit or
Room Perimeter and Chase-Enclosed
49
Figure 3.1 ASHRAE Ambient ―Out Door Conditions 53
Figure 3.2 Factors Affecting Human Comfort 54
Figure 3.3 Psychrometric Range for Human Comfort 55
Figure 3.4 ASHRAE Summer & Winter Psychrometric Range of Comfort
Zones
56
Figure 3.5 Time of Peaking Load 58
Figure 3.6 Heat Conduction through Surfaces 59
Figure 3.7 U Factor 61
Figure 3.8 Sunlit Surfaces 61
Figure 3.9 Time Lag 62
Figure 3.10 CLTD Factors for West Facing Wall 63
Figure 3.11 U Factors for Windows 65
Figure 3.12 Solar Radiation through Glass 65
Figure 3.13 Infiltration 73

9. IX
Figure 3.14 Ventilation Process 75
Figure 3.15 Psychrometric Chart 76
Figure 4.1 Monthly Cooling Load for Ground Floor: R02 89
Figure 4.2 Monthly Power Consumption for Ground Floor: R02 90
Figure 4.3 Monthly Cooling Load for First Floor: R07 91
Figure 4.4 Monthly Power Consumption for First Floor: R07 92
Figure 4.5 Monthly Cooling Load for Second Floor: R01 93
Figure 4.6 Monthly Power Consumption for Second Floor: R01 94
Figure 4.7 Monthly Cooling Load for Third Floor: R01 95
Figure 4.8 Monthly Power Consumption for Third Floor: R01 96
Figure 4.9 Monthly Simulation for Chiller Load. 97
Figure 4.10 Hourly Simulation for Chiller Load for January 98
Figure 4.11 Hourly Simulation for Chiller Load for February 99
Figure 4.12 Hourly Simulation for Chiller Load for March 100
Figure 4.13 Hourly Simulation for Chiller Load for April 101
Figure 4.14 Hourly Simulation for Chiller Load for May 102
Figure 4.15 Hourly Simulation for Chiller Load for June 103
Figure 4.16 Hourly Simulation for Chiller Load for July 104
Figure 4.17 Hourly Simulation for Chiller Load for August 105
Figure 4.18 Hourly Simulation for Chiller Load for September 106
Figure 4.19 Hourly Simulation for Chiller Load for October 107
Figure 4.20 Hourly Simulation for Chiller Load for November 108
Figure 4.21 Hourly Simulation for Chiller Load for December 109
Figure 5.1 Shapes of Air Duct 111
Figure 5.2 Splitter Dampers 113
Figure 5.3 Control Damper 114
Figure 5.4 Relationship between Aspect Ratio and Heat Gain 117
Figure 5.5 Installed Cost with Aspect Ratio 118
Figure 5.6 Friction Loss for Round Duct Chart 126
Figure 5.7 Mcquay Software Interface 129
Figure 5.8 Friction Loss for Closed Piping System Chart 137

10. X
List of Tables
Table Title Page
Table 2.1 Typical Diversity Factors for Large Buildings (Apply to
Refrigeration Capacity)
41
Table 2.2 Hotel Classes 44
Table 2.3 Hotel Design Criteria 45
Table 2.4 Design Criteria for Both 50
Table 2.5 Design Criteria for Hotel Guest Room DOAS 51
Table 3.1 CLTDs for Sunlit Walls (30° North Latitude, July 21), °F 64
Table 3.2 CLTDs for Sunlit Roof (30° North Latitude, July 21), °F 64
Table 3.3 SCL for Sunlit Glass (40°North Latitude, July 21), Btu/hr _
ft2
67
Table 3.1 Shading Coefficient 68
Table 3.2 Heat Generated by People 69
Table 3.3 CLF Factors for People 70
Table 3.4 Heat Generated by Equipment 72
Table 3.5 Manual Load Calculations for Room ―02‖ Ground Floor 81
Table 3.6 Manual Load Calculations for Room ―07‖ First Floor 83
Table 3.7 Manual Load Calculations for Room ―01‖ Second Floor 85
Table 3.8 Manual Load Calculations for Room ―01‖ Third Floor 87
Table 5.1 Ducts Suitable Aspect Ratios 118
Table 5.2 Duct Fitting Classes 119
Table 5.3 Recommended Maximum Duct Velocities for Low Velocity
Systems (fpm)
127
Table 5.4 Velocity Pressures 127
Table 5.5 Duct Calculations Table 130
Table 5.6 Recommended Water Velocity 135
Table 5.7 Maximum Water Velocity to Minimize Erosion 136
Table 5.8 Valve Losses in Equivalent Feet of Pipe 139
Table 5.9 Fitting Losses in Equivalent Feet of Pipe 140
Table 5.10 Special Fitting Losses in Equivalent Feet of Pipe 141
Table 5.11 Piping Calculations 145