This document discusses human motivation and needs theories. It introduces Team Sparkle and defines the concepts of need, want, and demand. It then defines motive and motivation before explaining motivation process and content and process theories. It proceeds to outline several prominent content theories: Machiavellianism, hedonism, scientific management theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, ERG theory, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and McClelland's acquired-needs theory.

1. Human Needs and
Motivation
Team Sparkle
Team Sparkle

2. Our Team Members Name : Mahfuzur Rahman (Group Leader)
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Name : Mehnaz Amir
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 Name : Tawfiqul Haque Mithun
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 Name : Ishtak Jahan Ajanta
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 Name : Sajadul Mahin
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3. Need-Want-Demand
Need
Need is a necessity, the
feeling of deprivation or
absence of something.
Want
Want is a feeling of desire
for something that is not
essential, the symbolic
representation of need.
Demand
Demand is the
requirement of something
in the market. It comes
when you have ability to
buy the product.

4. Examples

5. Motive and Motivation
Motive
A motive is an inner state
that energizes, activates
and directs behavior
towards goals.
Motivation
Motivation is the word
derived from the word
’motive’ which means
needs, desires, wants or
drives within the
individuals. It is the process
of stimulating people to
actions to accomplish the
goals.

6. Motivation Process
Need Drive
Behavior
(Action)
Goal
Attainment
Satisfactio
n
Reinforcement
Need Drive
Behavior
(Action)
Goal
Attainment
Satisfactio
n

7. Content Theory and Process Theory
Content Theory
Content theories focus on
the factors within a
person that motives
people.
Process Theory
Process theories provide
a description and
analysis of peoples are
motivated.

8. Various types of Content Theories
 Machiavellianism – Niccolo Machiavelli
 Hedonism
 Scientific Management Theory – F.W. Taylor
 Maslow – Five-level need hierarchy
 Alderfer – Three-level hierarchy (ERG)
 Herzberg – Two major factors (hygienes and motivators)
 McClelland – Three learned needs acquired from the culture

9. Machiavellianism
Machiavellianism is a personality trait that is characterized with the use
of manipulation to achieve power.
High Mach
Manipulative
Not Easily Persuaded
Low Mach
 Submissive
 Easily Persuaded

10. Hedonism
Folk Value Motivational Normative Egonism
Motivational
Hedonism
People seek pleasure and
comfort and try to avoid pain
and discomfort.

11. Scientific Management Theory
Scientific management
is a theory of management that analyzes and
synthesizes workflows. Its main objective is improving
economic efficiency, especially labor productivity.
 Employees are economically motivated and they work to earn as
much as they can.
 People general purpose machine.
 The more the pay the more the outcome.

12. Maslow
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposed by
Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation"
in Psychological Review.

13. ERG Motivation Theory Alderfer
Clayton P. Alderfer's ERG theory from 1969 condenses Maslow's five human
needs into three categories: Existence, Relatedness and Growth.
Existence needs
These include need for basic material necessities. In short, it includes an
individual’s physiological and physical safety needs.
Relatedness needs
These include the aspiration individual’s have for maintaining significant
interpersonal relationships , getting public fame and recognition. Maslow’s social
needs and external component of esteem needs fall under this class of need.
Growth needs
These include need for self-development and personal growth and advancement.
Maslow’s self-actualization needs and intrinsic component of esteem needs fall
under this category of need.

14. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
 The two-factor theory (also known as Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory
and dual-factor theory) states that there are certain factors in the workplace
that cause job satisfaction.
 Herzberg's findings revealed that certain characteristics of a job are
consistently related to job satisfaction, while different factors are associated
with job dissatisfaction. These are:

15. McClelland Theory
In his 1961 book 'The Achieving Society', David McClelland expounds on his
acquired-needs theory. He proposed that an individual's specific needs are
acquired over time and are shaped by one's life experiences.
Achievement
 Has a strong need to set and accomplish challenging goals.
 Takes calculated risks to accomplish their goals.
 Likes to receive regular feedback on their progress and achievements.
 Often likes to work alone.
Affiliation
 Wants to belong to the group.
 Wants to be liked, and will often go along with whatever the rest of the group
wants to do.
 Favors collaboration over competition.
 Doesn't like high risk or uncertainty.

16. McClelland Theory
Power
 Wants to control and influence others.
 Likes to win arguments.
 Enjoys competition and winning.
 Enjoys status and recognition