Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
BAB 2 membahas teori dan konsep dasar hubungan antaretnik, meliputi teori ekologi, Freudian, struktur fungsionalisme, kelas, masyarakat majmuk, pasaran buruh terpisah, dan pilihan rasional. Juga dibahas konsep masyarakat, kebudayaan, ras, etnik, dan integrasi.
BAB 2 membahaskan konsep-konsep asas hubungan etnik seperti masyarakat, etnik, budaya, dan proses-proses perpaduan seperti integrasi, akulturasi, asimilasi dan pluraliti. Ia juga menjelaskan istilah-istilah seperti etnisiti, etnosentrisme, ras, rasisme, prejudis dan stereotaip.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
BAB 2 membahas teori dan konsep dasar hubungan antaretnik, meliputi teori ekologi, Freudian, struktur fungsionalisme, kelas, masyarakat majmuk, pasaran buruh terpisah, dan pilihan rasional. Juga dibahas konsep masyarakat, kebudayaan, ras, etnik, dan integrasi.
BAB 2 membahaskan konsep-konsep asas hubungan etnik seperti masyarakat, etnik, budaya, dan proses-proses perpaduan seperti integrasi, akulturasi, asimilasi dan pluraliti. Ia juga menjelaskan istilah-istilah seperti etnisiti, etnosentrisme, ras, rasisme, prejudis dan stereotaip.
Strategi utama kerajaan Malaysia dalam mengukuhkan integrasi etnik meliputi pelaksanaan Rukun Negara, dasar-dasar pembangunan nasional, pendidikan kebangsaan, kebudayaan kebangsaan, Wawasan 2020, 1Malaysia, PLKN, serta peranan masyarakat dan NGO melalui Rukun Tetangga, Rondaan Sukarela, Rumah Terbuka, dan difusi budaya."
Rangkuman dokumen tersebut memberikan gambaran umum tentang sistem ekonomi Malaysia sebelum dan sesudah kemerdekaan serta rancangan pembangunan ekonomi melalui Rancangan Malaysia Pertama hingga Kesepuluh.
Dokumen tersebut membahas konsep asas hubungan etnik, termasuk definisi etnik, ras, masyarakat, budaya, integrasi dan hubungan etnik, komposisi etnik di Malaysia, serta peran Islam dalam mempromosikan keragaman etnik.
Cabaran cabaran dalam mengeratkan hubungan etnikCik BaCo
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang konsep dasar hubungan etnik di Malaysia dan cabaran-cabaran dalam memperkukuhkannya. Terdapat tiga konsep utama yaitu masyarakat, budaya, dan perpaduan. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan beberapa cabaran seperti persepsi bahwa politik telah merusak hubungan etnik dan adanya kelompok yang tidak melihat pentingnya hubungan antaretnik.
Strategi utama kerajaan Malaysia dalam mengukuhkan integrasi etnik meliputi pelaksanaan Rukun Negara, dasar-dasar pembangunan nasional, pendidikan kebangsaan, kebudayaan kebangsaan, Wawasan 2020, 1Malaysia, PLKN, serta peranan masyarakat dan NGO melalui Rukun Tetangga, Rondaan Sukarela, Rumah Terbuka, dan difusi budaya."
Rangkuman dokumen tersebut memberikan gambaran umum tentang sistem ekonomi Malaysia sebelum dan sesudah kemerdekaan serta rancangan pembangunan ekonomi melalui Rancangan Malaysia Pertama hingga Kesepuluh.
Dokumen tersebut membahas konsep asas hubungan etnik, termasuk definisi etnik, ras, masyarakat, budaya, integrasi dan hubungan etnik, komposisi etnik di Malaysia, serta peran Islam dalam mempromosikan keragaman etnik.
Cabaran cabaran dalam mengeratkan hubungan etnikCik BaCo
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang konsep dasar hubungan etnik di Malaysia dan cabaran-cabaran dalam memperkukuhkannya. Terdapat tiga konsep utama yaitu masyarakat, budaya, dan perpaduan. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan beberapa cabaran seperti persepsi bahwa politik telah merusak hubungan etnik dan adanya kelompok yang tidak melihat pentingnya hubungan antaretnik.
PENGHAYATAN ETIKA DAN PERADABAN
SESI 2:2022/2023
NAMA KUMPULAN :
SITI NUR NADIRA BINTI MOHD NORDIN (25DDT21F2063)
YURNALIS BINTI NORDIN (25DDT21F2064)
NURUL SYAHIRAH BINTI AZMAN (25DDT21F2076)
NURSYAHIRAH LIYANA BINTI SHAHREZAL (25DDT21F2081)
The document discusses what makes internal audit effective in developed countries. Three key factors are: 1) strong governance structures that separate political and management roles; 2) high quality management that takes responsibility for internal controls and sees internal audit as a support; and 3) professional internal audit functions that work closely with management to address key risks. The document contrasts these factors with some transition economies that may have weaker systems, governance, and management quality, suggesting the internal audit model may need to be adapted.
Gagasan Cartesian Dualism yang memisahkan jasad dan akal telah memacu aliran-aliran falsafah seperti naturalisme, materialisme, ateisme, dan reduksionisme yang secara kolektif telah menyebabkan penjajahan manusia ke atas alam sekitar dan mengakibatkan kemusnahan ekosistem. Dokumen ini menjelaskan perlunya mendekolonisasi pemikiran dengan mengintegrasikan manusia dan alam sekitar.
Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai falsafah dalam kehidupan. Ia menjelaskan pengertian falsafah dari sudut etimologi dan terminologi, tujuan ilmu falsafah, hubungan antara falsafah, agama dan ilmu, serta jenis-jenis ilmu falsafah seperti falsafah teoretikal, praktikal, ekonomi, politik dan cabang-cabang baru falsafah.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pengenalan ilmu falsafah, konsep dan skop falsafah, falsafah pendidikan kebangsaan dan Islam, serta prinsip-prinsip Rukun Negara Malaysia dalam rangka mewujudkan masyarakat yang harmonis."
This document discusses displaced commercial risk in Islamic finance. It defines displaced commercial risk as the risk resulting from volatility in returns generated by assets financed by investment accounts, which can cause Islamic banks to not pay competitive rates compared to conventional banks. The document outlines ways Islamic banks can manage this risk, including using profit equalization reserves and investment risk reserves. It also discusses the impact of displaced commercial risk mitigation on Islamic banks and their customers and the overall economy.
This document discusses risk management in Islamic finance, specifically for Takaful (Islamic insurance) operations. It identifies five main types of risk for Takaful operators: underwriting risks, operational risks, credit risks, liquidity risks, and market risks. For each risk, it provides examples of how the risk can occur in a Takaful context. It then outlines several ways Takaful operators can manage each of these risks, such as establishing standard underwriting procedures, recruiting skilled IT professionals, implementing liquidity ratios, and exploring Shariah-compliant hedging instruments. The document emphasizes that effective risk management is important for Takaful operators to provide protection in accordance with Islamic principles.
This document discusses risk management in Islamic finance, specifically equity investment risk. It defines equity investment risk according to the Islamic Financial Service Board as the risk of participating in a business partnership where the provider of finance shares in business risks. Equity investments in Islamic finance are typically done through mudarabah and musharakah contracts which are profit/loss sharing in nature and can result in total loss of capital. The document outlines some of the key risks of equity investment including partner risk, lack of reliable partner information, credit risk, industry risk, and risks specific to mudarabah and musharakah contracts. It concludes by suggesting some ways to mitigate equity investment risk such as diversification, long-term investing, expert advice,
This document discusses rate of return risk in Islamic finance. It defines rate of return risk as the potential impact of changes in market rates of return on an Islamic bank's net income or equity value. Rate of return risk exists for Islamic banks because they use conventional interest rates as benchmarks, exposing them mismatch risk between asset and liability rates. The document outlines various techniques Islamic banks can use to manage this risk, such as diversifying assets, securitization, and off-balance sheet hedging methods. Managing rate of return risk is important for Islamic bank profitability and competitiveness.
This document discusses Shariah non-compliance risk in Islamic finance. It begins by defining Shariah non-compliance risk as the risk arising from a failure of Islamic banks to comply with Shariah rules and principles as determined by their Shariah boards. This can result in contracts being cancelled and income not being recognized. The document then outlines various measures that can be taken to manage this risk, such as ensuring contracts are structured to fulfill the pillars of a valid Islamic contract. Several examples of potential Shariah non-compliance in contracts like tawarruq, mudharabah and istisna' are also provided.
Operational risk in Islamic finance can arise from a variety of sources. The document identifies six main categories of operational risk: 1) Shariah non-compliance risk, 2) people risk, 3) technology risk, 4) fiduciary risk, 5) legal risk, and 6) reputational risk. It also discusses the nature of operational risks as either internally or externally inflicted, the impacts as direct or indirect, and the degree of expectancy as expected or unexpected losses. Proper identification and management of operational risks are important for Islamic financial institutions.
This document discusses market risk in Islamic finance. It defines market risk as potential financial losses from unexpected movements in market prices like interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and commodity prices. It notes market risk also arises from financing assets for Islamic banks. The document outlines the scope of market risk for Islamic banks, including rate of return risk, commodity price risk, foreign exchange risk, and equity price risk. It then discusses various ways Islamic banks can mitigate market risk, such as netting methods, loss limit policies, and asset securitization. The overall goal is to explain the importance and management of market risk for Islamic financial institutions.
This document discusses credit risk in Islamic finance. It begins by defining credit risk as the potential financial loss from a counterparty failing to meet contractual obligations. It then outlines the various types of credit risk exposures that can occur in common Islamic financing contracts such as mudarabah, musharakah, murabahah, ijarah, salam and istisna. The document also discusses IFSB guiding principles for credit risk management, including conducting due diligence reviews and having appropriate risk mitigation techniques. It emphasizes the importance of effective credit risk management for ensuring the financial stability and growth of Islamic banks.
This document discusses liquidity risk in Islamic finance. It defines liquidity risk as a bank's potential inability to meet short-term financial demands due to difficulties liquidating assets. For Islamic banks, liquidity risk is critical as they cannot borrow funds through interest or sell debt assets. The document identifies two types of liquidity risk - funding liquidity, which is the inability to raise funds for business growth, and market liquidity, which is the inability to liquidate assets quickly. It also discusses causes of liquidity risk for Islamic banks like limited Sharia-compliant money markets and differences in Islamic legal interpretations. The document recommends mitigation strategies like risk dispersal and a diversified portfolio, and notes IFSB guiding principles