Html, css and jquery introduction

What is HTML
 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
 HTML is used for describing web pages.
 HTML is a markup language.
 A markup language consist of markup tags.
 The tags defines document content.
 HTML documents include HTML tags and plain text.

HTML Tags
 HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags.
 HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like
<HTML>.
 Html tags normally come in pairs like <b>and </b>.
 The first tag in pair is the start tag and second tag is the
end tag.
 The end tag is written like the start tag , with a forward
slash before the tag name.
 Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing
tags.
<tagname>Content</tagname>

Basic HTML page structure
 HTML
 HEAD: Non web displayable info and code like meta tags,
script, title etc.
 BODY: Includes <div>
div: Header – We can include branding and navigation
elements like logo, slogan, menu, etc.
div: Main content – We can include all kind of
elements like images, paragraphs, videos, links, etc.
div: Footer – We can include informational elements
like: copyright, sub menu, links, site info, etc.

Example
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Form Validation Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action=“” id=“”>
<h2>HTML Form</h2>
<div id=“form_data”>
<div class=“fieldgroup”>
<label>Email</label>
<input type=“text” name=“email”>
</div>
<label>Password</label>
<input type=“password” name=“password”>
</div>
<input type=“submit” value=“submit” class=“submit”>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>

What is CSS
 CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheet.
 Styles define how to display HTML elements.
 External style sheets can save a lot of work.
 External style sheets are stored in CSS file.
 A CSS file allows to separate web sites HTML content
from its style.

How to use CSS?
There are three types of stylesheets
 External style sheet
 Internal style sheet
 Inline style sheet
 External style sheet: An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many
pages.
<head>
<link rel=“stylesheet” type=“text/css” href=“mystyle.css”>
<head>
 Internal style sheet: An internal style sheet should be used when a single document has a
unique style.
<head>
<style>
p {margin-left:200px}
body{background-image:url(“images/back40.gif”);}
</style>
</head>

 Inline styles: To use Inline styles use the style attribute in
the relevent tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS
property.
< p style=“color.#fafafa;margin-left:20px”>This is a
paragraph.</p>
 Multiple styles will cascade into one:
Cascading order:
 Inline style (inside an HTMLelement)
 Inline style sheet (in the head section)
 External style sheet
 Browser default

CSS Syntax
 A CSS rule has two main parts: a selector, and one or more declarations
 H1 {color:blue; font-size: 12px;}
In this example H1 is a selector
Color:blue and font-size:12px is a declaration.
Color is a property and blue is a value.
Font-size is a property and 12px is a value.
 Combining selectors:
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6{
color: #009900;
font family: Georgia, sans-serif;
}

 The id selector
The id selector is used to specify a style for a single, unique
element.
The id selector uses the id attribute of the HTML element,
and is defined with a “#”.
Syntax: #selector-id {property:value;}
 The class selector
The class selector is used to specify a style for a group of
elements.
The class selector uses the HTML class attribute, and is
defined with a “.”
Syntax: selector-class {property: value;}

 Below are the various ways you can use CSS to style
links.
a:link {color: #009900}
a:visited{color: #999999}
a:hover {color: #333333}
a:focus {color: #333333}
a:active {color: #009900}

The CSS Box Model
 All HTML elements can be considered as boxes. In CSS
the term “box model” is used when talking about
design and layout.
 The CSS box model is essentially a box that wraps
aroun HTML elements and consists of: margin, border,
padding and the actual content.
 The box model allows to place a border around
elements and space elements in relation to other
elements.

What is jQuery
 jQuery is a lightweight, “write less, do more”, Javascript library.
 The purpose of jQuery is to make it much easier to use javascript on your
website.
 jQuery takes a lot of common tasks that requires many lines of javascript
code to accomplish, and wraps it into methods that you can call with a
single line of code.
 jQery also simplifies a lot of the complicated things from javascript like
Ajax call and DOM manipulation.
Features:
 HTML/DOM manipulation
 CSS manipulation
 HTML event methods
 Effects and animations
 Ajax

jQuery Syntax
Basic syntax
$(selector).action()
 A $ sign to define jQuery
 A(selector) to find HTML elements
 AjQuery action to be performed on the elements.
Example:
$(“p”).hide() – hides all <p> elements
How to use jQuery:
<head>
<script
src=“//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.3/jquery.min.js”></
script>
</head>

The element, id and class selector
The jQuery element selector selects elements based on their tag
names.
 $(“<tag-name>”) //element selector
 $(“#<id-name>”) //id selector
 $(“.<class-name>”) //class selector
Example
$(document).ready(function(){
$(“button”).click (function(){
$(“p”).hide();
$(“#test”).hide(); //#id selector
$(“.test”).hide(); //.class selector
});
});

jQuery Event
All the different visitors actions that a web page can respond
to are called events.
An event represents the precise moment when something
happens.
 Mouse events:
Click
Dblclick
Mouseenter
Mouseleave
 Keyboard events:
Keypress
Keydown
Keyup

• Form events:
Submit
Change
Focus
Blur
• Document events:
Load
Resize
Scroll
Unload
Example:
$(“p”).click(function(){
//action goes here
});

jQuery Effects
 Jquery hide(), show() and toggle() method
$(selector).hide(speed,callback);
$(selector).show(speed,callback);
$(selector).toggle(speed,callback);
 Jquery fadeIn(), fadeOut(), fadeToggle() and fadeTo()
method.
$(selector).fadeIn(speed,callback);
$(selector).fadeOut(speed,callback);
$(selector). fadeToggle (speed,callback);
$(selector). fadeTo(speed,callback);

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