International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Study with Rotating Tool Electrode of EDM for NiAlloyIJMER
Conventional machining process has the limitation when desired surface finish and
dimensional accuracy in geometry is required in difficult to machine aerospace materials especially for
the cases of drilling holes. Non conventional advance machining processes (AMPs) are extensively used
in the industry to machine for the complex geometrical dimension along with desired surface finish in
hard materials. Electrical Discharge machining with modification for holding and rotating the
electrode has been used in the present experiment for making holes in the Nimonic alloy. This paper
investigate the influence of gap current, pulse on time, duty factor, tool electrode rpm and especially the
polarity of the machine on Material Removal Rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) for machining of
Nimonic alloy. It is observed that with suitable control of input parameters of Electrical Discharge
drilling (EDD), MRR and Ra both found to be improving together from 60 to 90 mg and 4.8 to 2.9 µm
respectively which confirm the viability of using tool electrode rotation in EDM machining.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The presentation shows how to present a research article using a PPT. The presented work can be beneficial to students pursuing post-graduation and Ph.D.
Experimental Study with Rotating Tool Electrode of EDM for NiAlloyIJMER
Conventional machining process has the limitation when desired surface finish and
dimensional accuracy in geometry is required in difficult to machine aerospace materials especially for
the cases of drilling holes. Non conventional advance machining processes (AMPs) are extensively used
in the industry to machine for the complex geometrical dimension along with desired surface finish in
hard materials. Electrical Discharge machining with modification for holding and rotating the
electrode has been used in the present experiment for making holes in the Nimonic alloy. This paper
investigate the influence of gap current, pulse on time, duty factor, tool electrode rpm and especially the
polarity of the machine on Material Removal Rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) for machining of
Nimonic alloy. It is observed that with suitable control of input parameters of Electrical Discharge
drilling (EDD), MRR and Ra both found to be improving together from 60 to 90 mg and 4.8 to 2.9 µm
respectively which confirm the viability of using tool electrode rotation in EDM machining.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The presentation shows how to present a research article using a PPT. The presented work can be beneficial to students pursuing post-graduation and Ph.D.
Surface modification techniques to enhance tool life in hot forgingSahil Dhiman
The presentation is about the surface modification techniques to enhance tool life in hot forging. It is research-oriented to give the reader a thorough knowledge about its applications in the actual industry environment.
Effect of Powder Mixed Dielectric Fluid on MRR And SR During Electrical Disch...IJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper mainly focussed to investigate the machining characteristics of RENE 80 Nickel Alloy during powder mixed electrical discharge machining. The experiments were conducted considering electrical parameters (pulse on time, peak current and pulse off time) at optimal combination to get maximum material removal rate by varying powders like aluminium, graphite and combination of aluminium and graphite powders and their concentrations. The experimental results reveal that improvement in material removal rate with addition of powders into dielectric fluid. The maximum material removal rate (75.08 mm3 /min) was noticed with graphite powder substances at 9 g/l. Minimum surface roughness (4.44µm) was noticed at the combination of aluminium and graphite powders (1:1 ratio) substance of 4.5 g/l. However considering simultaneously better values of all two responses namely material removal rate (71.90 mm3 /min) and surface roughness (4.44µm) are obtained with the combination of aluminium and graphite powders (1:1 ratio) of 4.5 g/l.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Synthesis and Mechanical Characterization of Aluminum-Graphene Metal Matrix b...dbpublications
Composite materials are the go-to materials for a huge range of applications ranging from bio-medical to aerospace, owing to their superior properties than the monolithic metals. This paper presents the synthesis of Aluminum-Graphene composite material, with Aluminum being the matrix phase and the ‘Wonder Material’ Graphene being the reinforcing phase, through powder metallurgy technique.The composite material was prepared by varying the percentage composition (by weight) of Graphene – 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% with the hardness and wear properties being studied. Also included is the microstructure study and the discussion on the effect of closed-die forging on these samples with conclusions being drawn on forged and unforged composites.
Finite element simulation of hybrid welding process for welding 304 austeniti...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Surface modification techniques to enhance tool life in hot forgingSahil Dhiman
The presentation is about the surface modification techniques to enhance tool life in hot forging. It is research-oriented to give the reader a thorough knowledge about its applications in the actual industry environment.
Effect of Powder Mixed Dielectric Fluid on MRR And SR During Electrical Disch...IJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper mainly focussed to investigate the machining characteristics of RENE 80 Nickel Alloy during powder mixed electrical discharge machining. The experiments were conducted considering electrical parameters (pulse on time, peak current and pulse off time) at optimal combination to get maximum material removal rate by varying powders like aluminium, graphite and combination of aluminium and graphite powders and their concentrations. The experimental results reveal that improvement in material removal rate with addition of powders into dielectric fluid. The maximum material removal rate (75.08 mm3 /min) was noticed with graphite powder substances at 9 g/l. Minimum surface roughness (4.44µm) was noticed at the combination of aluminium and graphite powders (1:1 ratio) substance of 4.5 g/l. However considering simultaneously better values of all two responses namely material removal rate (71.90 mm3 /min) and surface roughness (4.44µm) are obtained with the combination of aluminium and graphite powders (1:1 ratio) of 4.5 g/l.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Synthesis and Mechanical Characterization of Aluminum-Graphene Metal Matrix b...dbpublications
Composite materials are the go-to materials for a huge range of applications ranging from bio-medical to aerospace, owing to their superior properties than the monolithic metals. This paper presents the synthesis of Aluminum-Graphene composite material, with Aluminum being the matrix phase and the ‘Wonder Material’ Graphene being the reinforcing phase, through powder metallurgy technique.The composite material was prepared by varying the percentage composition (by weight) of Graphene – 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% with the hardness and wear properties being studied. Also included is the microstructure study and the discussion on the effect of closed-die forging on these samples with conclusions being drawn on forged and unforged composites.
Finite element simulation of hybrid welding process for welding 304 austeniti...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The desired to reach higher efficiencies, lower specific fuel consumption and reduced emission in modern engines has becomes the primary focus of engine researches and manufactures over the past three decades. Ceramic coating is a solution to such problem as they provide good thermal barrier properties for designers. In the design of adiabatic engines, reducing in cylinder heat rejection requires very special thermal barrier coatings on the engine combustion chamber. Partial Thermal barrier coatings (TBC) on the top surface of the piston is considered as a solution for reduction of unburned Hydrocarbon (HC) emission produce by incomplete combustion with respect to crevice volume when engines start. The TBC on the top piston surface decreases the thermal conductivity and increases the unburned charged oxidation, so that the metallic substrates will be exposed to lower peak temperature thereby reducing the thermal stress in engines components. Also thermal barrier coatings on other elements of combustion chamber of internal combustion engine offer advantages including fuel efficiency, multi fuel capacity and high power density. Therefore, thermal barrier coating (TBC) technology is successfully applied to the internal combustion engines, in particular to the combustion chamber.
Optimization of Laser Beam Welding On Titanium Materialvivatechijri
The use of titanium materials in some sections of mass-produced automobiles and in the aerospace
sector has increased recently. Titanium materials however, are distinguished by difficult surface roughness,
high melting point, dimensional stability, good thermal expansion, and high oxygen reactivity, overshadowing
traditional production methods. To this purpose, the need for more advanced methods for the development of
low-cost titanium materials is pressing. For the manufacture of titanium materials, many joining methods have
been considered over the years. However, due to its efficiency, high specific heat input, and efficiency, laser
beam welding offers an effective alternative for titanium welding. To present, the strength of the laser-welded
titanium materials can be close to the original material under optimum operating conditions; some processing
issues, such as lower elongation and shock resistance combined with lower fatigue properties, are still present.
The laser beam welding on titanium materials is checked in this research work. There are also various types of
parameters tested, such as nozzle size, focal length, pulse frequency and pulse duration. Experiment design is
applied using the Taguchi method design method. The research will be carried out after the design of the
experiment using the Taguchi Process, and the optimum result will be chosen.
Comparative Analysis of Coated and Non Coated HSS Tool with Zinc, Nickel, and...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Machining is the heart of any manufacturing
process so coating material have been used in the coating of
tool steels. The tool used is high speed steel and are coated
with Zinc, Nickel and Chromium separately. The various
reasons to coat cutting tools are to increase tool life and
improve the surface quality of the product, and to increase
the production rate. The advantage of Zi, Ni, Cr coating
include high hardness, good ductility, excellent lubricity,
high chemical stability and tough resistance to wear,
corrosion and temperature. In this paper, the principle,
advantage and limitation of various Zn, Ni, Cr coating
processes are summarized. This paper involves of machining
hardened steel using Zi, Ni, Cr, coated HSS cutting tool is
studied. This paper discussed about the wear and also
hardness factor after coating compared with conventional
cutting tool(high speed steel).
Study of sliding wear rate of hot rolled steel specimen subjected to Zirconia...IJERA Editor
Wear is nothing but loss of material by usage. In a mechanical industry mechanical components will operate
under severe load, temperature and high speeds. Under such a type of situation, when metal to metal contact take
place the surfaces that comes in contact is subjected to wear. These should be considered as a serious affair in an
industry because if the process of wear continues it can reduce service life of the component and also to the
entire mechanical system to which the component has been used. In the light of the above the present work
mainly deals with the study of wear behavior of hot rolled steel with and without zirconia coating on the contact
surface and the effect of zirconia coating with varying thickness.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Leading Change strategies and insights for effective change management pdf 1.pdf
Ht3513491354
1. Dhanda M et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.1349-1354
RESEARCH ARTICLE
www.ijera.com
OPEN ACCESS
An Approach towards Repairing Of Nimonic Alloy Component
through Laser Based Layered Manufacturing Technique
Bansiya S., Dhanda M., Saha P
Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute Of Technology Kharagpur-721302, India
Abstract
In this work investigate has been done to identify the possibility of depositing a layer of Ni-Co-Cr powder
mixture over an experimental block of Nimonic 263 alloy material in order to repair it by a 2 kW Ytterbium
fiber laser. The various process parameters have been optimized to obtain the best quality deposition free of
porosity and cracks. An optical microscopic study of the resulting microstructures of the substrate and
deposited layers has been conducted. For further study SEM, analysis have also been carried out. The
microhardness of deposited layer ranged from HV0.05306 to HV0.05331. The hardness decreases gradually from
the top of the deposited layer to the substrate zone. The knowledge achieved in this study would help in taking
decisions with regard to setting the parameters required for subsequent repair a Nimonic component through
layered manufacturing.
Keywords: Laser, Direct Metal Laser Sintering, Nimonic 263, Repair.
I.
Introduction
During the life of a component it may be
subject to local impacts, corrosion, variable or
regular thermal cycles and stresses, or other testing
conditions with the potential to cause local defects or
cracking. For example, cracks can be initiated in
welds by mismatched creep properties, at geometric
discontinuities in foundry goods on account of
residual thermal stresses, and in turbine shafts and
blades owing to high-cycle fatigue and corrosion.
Fatigue and stress cracks are common initiators of
failures that cause high-performance and high-value
components to be discarded as useless. The
development of ultrasonic techniques means that
internal cracks can now be detected before failure
occurs.
In the fields of mechanical engineering,
metallurgical industry and petrochemical and electric
power, a large number of components work in
formidable conditions involving impact, abrasion,
high-temperature and pressure, and are liable to
breakdown. Fig.1 shows a cam which has been worn
out and broken due to friction. If successful repairing
cannot be carried out, the damaged components will
have to be discarded and a significant loss will be
caused.
Fig.1: broken and worn out cam
Theoretically, any product that can be
manufactured can be remanufactured. The cost of
remanufactured goods is cheaper than a new part, and
can be remanufactured multiple times, further
extending its life. The ideal products for
www.ijera.com
remanufacturing are those that are not likely to suffer
from obsolescence, and those whose recoverable
value is a high percentage of the price of the new
product. Rebuilt engines, for instance, require only
fifty percent of the energy and sixty-seven percent of
1349 | P a g e
2. Dhanda M et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.1349-1354
the labor needed to produce a new engine. Hence,
remanufacturing should be looked upon as a tool that
can save and reuse resources to eventually boost a
country’s economy.
Conventional repairing methods presently
adopted mainly include mechanical machining, brushelectroplate, deposited welding, TIG welding and
thermal spraying (flame spraying and plasma
spraying). Although, these methods have different
advantages, there are still many drawbacks, such as
being time-consuming and labor intensive, having
limited thickness of deposition layers and machinable
times, poor bonding strength, large amount of
porosities and cracks, or significant heat injection and
distortion of the substrates. Therefore, it is of great
interest to develop high-efficiency and precision
repairing technologies that will extend the lifetime of
components. Laser cladding is one of the precision
repairing method which overcome drawbacks of
conventional repairing method. So first laser cladding
is discussed and then how it can be used as repairing
tool is discussed.
Laser cladding is a novel powerful tool for
the repairing of metal components. Laser cladding is a
relatively new process which is being used in
industrial sectors like petrochemical, aerospace,
machine and dies building, automotive, energy
production to repair damaged high-value machine
components like turbine blades, shafts, motors and to
improve the corrosion and/or wear resistance of
metallic components like tooling, pumps, valves, offshore pipes.
The novel versatile laser cladding technology
is such a repairing technology, which integrates laser
technology, CAD/CAM technology, advanced
materials processing technology and photoelectric
measuring and control technology. Different similar
techniques, for example direct light fabrication (DLF)
[1], laser engineered net shaping (LENS) and direct
metal deposition [2] have been developed and studied
by many research groups in recent years. Laser
cladding combines the two technologies of rapid
prototyping manufacturing and laser cladding surface
modification, and can be used to fabricate three-
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dimensional fully dense metal components directly
from the CAD model.
Historically, fusion welding has been used
for repair of surface cracks. One of the first methods
is tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding [3]. However,
while relatively easy to apply, this method produces a
lot of heat and can cause high residual stresses,
resulting in distortion and heat-related effects in the
base metal [4]. Plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding
[5] and electron beam (EB) welding [6] are alternative
processes requiring lower heat input but needing more
complex and expensive apparatus. EB welding, in
particular, gives a very precise heat flux, but it needs a
vacuum environment so is more expensive and
difficult to apply to larger parts [7]. The high-velocity
oxyfuel (HVOF) thermal spraying technique [8] is a
procedure that has found use in many industries.
There is less component distortion than with TIG
welding and it has many advantages over plasma
spraying, including deposition of a thicker and lowerporosity coating. However, tight control of depth and
spread of deposited material is not possible, meaning
an extensive secondary machining stage is usually
required.
The process of laser direct metal deposition
[9] is well suited to surface repair applications.
LDMD involves creating a moving melt pool on a
metal surface using a laser and blowing metal powder
of the same or a different type into it using an inert
gas stream. The added material increases the size of
the pool, which rapidly solidifies into a raised track
when the laser moves on. The deposition area can
thus be precisely controlled. Residual stresses are
formed but are lower than from TIG welding and can
be compressive at the surface [10]. The physical and
corrosion properties of the final material can be
difficult to predict because it undergoes a repeated
heating–cooling cycle [11], but they can in many
cases exceed those of the parent material.
II.
Experimental Procedures
The substrate was Nimonic alloy 263
with a sample size of 20mm x 60mm x 15mm
whose constituents and their percentages were as
follows:
Table 1. Chemical Composition of Nimonic Alloy 263
Component
C
Al
Ti
Mo
Co
Cr
Fe
Ni
Weight %
0.04-0.08
0.6
1.9-2.4
5.6-6.1
19-21
19-21
0.7
balance
Table 2. Physical Properties of Nimonic Alloy 263
Materials
Nimonic Alloy 263
Density
(g/cm3)
8.36
Melting point
(0C)
1355
Specific Heat
(J/kg-0C)
461
Hardness
HV 340
The physical properties of the powder material which was used to deposit a layer over substrate material was
as follows:
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3. Dhanda M et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.1349-1354
Name of Powder
Material
Ni
Table 3 Powder Materials Properties
Mesh size
Density
(g/cc)
325
8.908
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Melting Point Temp.
(oC)
1455
Cr
150-200
7.190
1907
Co
300
8.900
1495
The powder materials are mixed in the
following composition:Ni-60% (by weight), Cr-20%
(by weight) and Co-20% (by weight). 4% PVA was
used for sticking purpose. PVA gives excellent
sticking strength up to 250o C temperature.
A 200 micron thick powder layer was applied on the
substrate surface. Then the substrate was kept in
furnace for 150-2000C for 20 min to dry it.
The experimental setup comprises of a Laser Source
(2 kW Fiber laser machine with NC control laser
head) and a coaxial inert gas supply nozzle with side
inert gas supply attachment. A 2 kW fiber laser based
on Ytterbium operating at 1085nm wave length has
been used. This beam quality was 10 times better
than a standard Nd-YAG laser. This laser was being
used for the experiments. The laser head can be
controlled by main control unit.
Fig. 2.Experimental set up
The prepared sample was laser cladded and laser
power, gas pressure and laser scanning speed were
set as the process parameters. Different values of
these parameters, which were taken, are given below.
Laser power...........................1000 W, 1500 W
Gas pressure...........................1 bar, 1.5 bar
Laser scanning
speed.............1500,1600,1800,2000,2500,3000,3500
mm/min
Total 16 laser tracks were formed by laser cladding
by different combinations of parameters which are
summarized as follows:
Table 4: Experiments to optimize process parameters Powders: Ni+Cr+Co (60%+20%+20%) Layer
thickness-200 micron Sticking Agent: 4%PVA; Beam inclination angle = 12o;
Sample
no. with
Sample
PI
vs
Observations
Remarks
track
track no.
(W)
(mm/min)
direction
1000
3500
Powder blowen away
2.
1500
3000
Partially deposited
3.
2000
2500
Do
4.
2000
2000
5.
2000
1800
6.
2000
1600
7.
2000
1500
8.
2000
2000
3 overlap
9.
2000
1800
3 overlap
10.
2000
1600
3 overlap
11.
2000
2000
12.
←
Ni101
(200µm)
1.
2000
1800
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Y=6.0,Pr=1 bar,Z=-290
Fully deposited
Fully deposited
Y=2.5, Pr=1bar,Z=-290
Y=6.0,Pr=1 bar,Z=-280
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4. Dhanda M et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.1349-1354
13.
2000
1600
14.
2000
1600
15.
2000
1800
16.
2000
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2000
The powder layer was fully deposited under
the following set of parameter:
Laser power............................1500 W
Gas pressure............................1 bar
Laser
scanning
aped................1600, 1800, 2000 mm/min
While with the other set of process
parameters either the powder was blown away or the
layer was partially deposited.
So total three set of parameters were found to be
good for which three overlapping tracks were made
for each set of parameter. These tracks were given
name as track no.8 (scanning speed 2000 mm/min),
track no. 9 (scanning speed 1800 mm/min), and track
no. 10 (scanning speed 1600 mm/min), which are
shown in table 6 above. All the characterisations
were carried out on these three samples.
Following the laser cladding, the samples where good
clad tracks are obtained are cut by wire EDM,
polished in grinder polisher machine by using 140
mesh → 600 mesh → 1000 mesh, SiC emery paper
→ diamond paste of 0.25 micron. After polishing the
sample was etched with the following reagent:
20 ml HCl(Conc.)+10 ml HNO3(Conc.)+20 ml
Glycerol+10 ml H2O2
The above reagent was used for revealing of
microstructure for Ni-Co-Cr alloys [25].
Z=-280, Gas Pr=1.5bar
III.
Result and Discussion
Micro-hardness test:
Micro-hardness values for sample
no.8(scanning speed 2000 mm/min), sample
no.9(scanning speed 1800 mm/min) and sample
no.10(scanning speed 1600 mm/min) has been
measured along the transverse cross section of the
deposited layer by Vickers micro hardness testing
machine. At a particular distance from top surface
of the coating two readings were taken and the
average of those two is used for plotting graph.
Microhardness graph in figure 3 shows
that the hardness of deposited layer increases from
top of the deposited layer to the substrate whose
microhardness was 342 HV0.05. Microhardness
value of the substrate has been measured at five
different points and average of all five reading has
been coming out to be 342 HV0.05. Since the
Titanium has not mixed in the deposited layer but
due to alloying some titanium has come to the
deposited layer from substrate and the percentage
of titanium is increasing from top of the deposited
layer to the substrate which may be the reason for
increasing of microhardness from top of deposited
layer to substrate.
Fig. 3: Micro-hardness value of three samples measured along transverse section at different scanning speed
of 2000, 1800 and 1600 mm/min.
Average Micro-hardness values for sample
higher than the other two scanning speed but for all
no.8(scanning speed 2000 mm/min), sample
three scanning speed micro hardness is little lower
no.9(scanning speed 1800 mm/min) and sample
than average micro hardness of substrate. It may be
no.10(scanning speed 1600 mm/min) is shown in
because of less percentage of titanium in the
figure 4. As it can be seen that average micro
deposited layer.
hardness for scanning speed 1800mm/min is little
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5. Dhanda M et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.1349-1354
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Fig. 6 : Coeffient of friction vs Time curve
Fig. 4: Average micro hardness of sample 8,
sample 9 and sample 10 with scanning speed of
2000mm/min, 1800mm/min and 1600mm/min
Microstructure:
Fig. 5: SEM image for scanning speed 2000 mm/min
Figure 5 shows the SEM image for sample
no. 8 (scanning speed 2000 mm/min).From the figure
it can be seen that the thickness of deposited layer is
around hundred micron though the powder layer
thickness before laser cladding has been taken as two
hundred micron. So it indicates that some powder has
blown away.
Wear Test:
For the wear tests, 5 mm WC-Co balls have
been used and the tests have been performed at 300
rpm under loads of 1 kg for 4 mm ball track diameter.
The test was done for 30 minutes and in this time the
distance moved by the ball on the track was
calculated as 150 meters. Coefficient of friction was
plotted with time for all the three samples and for
substrate which is shown in the figures 6 below.
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For every sample specific wear rate has been
calculated as follow:
Specific Wear rate = Wear volume / (Applied load x
sliding distance) Wear volume was calculated from
weight of the material which was removed from
sample during wear test. Weight of the sample was
calculated before and after wear test and difference
between these two was the weight of the material
which was removed from sample in the form of wear
debris.
From the figure 6 it can be seen that among the three
sample, sample no. 9 with scanning speed
1800mm/min has lowest coefficient of friction.The
avg. Coefficient of friction are 0.56, 0.54, and 0.64
for scanning speed 2000mm/min, 1800mm/min and
1600 mm/min respectively while for substrate it was
0.58. Compared to substrate, sample no. 10 was
showing poor tribological characteristic while for the
other two samples the tribological performance was
satisfactory.
Specific wear rate was least for sample no. 9 with
scanning speed of 1800 mm/min and for all three
samples specific wear rate was less than substrate
material.
Table 5: Comparison of Specific wear rate
Sample name
Specific wear rate
(mm3/N-m)
Substrate
2.05E-04
Nimonic 8
1.79E-04
Nimonic 9
1.31E-04
Nimonic 10
1.56E-04
IV.
Conclusion
A 200 micron layer of Ni-Co-Cr powder was
successfully deposited on Nimonic alloy 263 by a
2kW fiber laser using preplaced powder method. The
following conclusion can be derived from the
experimental work.
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6. Dhanda M et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.1349-1354
The thickness of the deposited layer was hundred
microns while the powder layer thickness before
coating was two hundred micron.
The microhardness of deposited layer was
slightly lower than substrate..
Coefficient of friction was higher for substrate
material than other three sample. And among the
three sample, sample no. 9 with scanning speed
1800mm/min has lowest coefficient of friction.
The knowledge achieved in this study would
help in taking decisions in setting the process
parameters required for subsequent repair a
Nimonic
component
through
layered
manufacturing.
[10]
[11]
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H., and Li, L. Thermal and microstructural
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