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ljsnfË ldq ;d'x4f/f ;+rflnt
ckfËafn c:ktfn tyf k'g:yf{kg s]Gb|sf]]
d:of}bf (draft)
n}lËs gLlt @)!*
l8;]Da/ #), @)!*
n}lËs gLlt
n}lËs gLlt ;DalGw k|]/s egfO{
dlxnf / k'?if ;Fu} ldn]/
u/]sf] sfdn] dfq
af:tljs ;fdflhs k|utL
x'G5. b'O{ dWo s;}nfO{
klg 5'6fOof] eg] ;dfa]zL
;dfh x'g} ;Sb}g .
n}lËs gLltM lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIf %
n}ªlus ;dfgtf xfl;n ug]{ / ;a} dlxnf
tyf lszf]/Lx¿sf] ;zQmLs/0f ug]{ uf]n %
cf];f/k;f/ tyf of}gzf]if0fnufot ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL
If]qx¿df ;a} dlxnf tyf lszf]/Lla?4 x'g]] ;a} k|sf/sf
lx+;fsf] pGd"ng ug]{
/fhgLlts, cfly{s tyf ;fj{hlgs hLjgsf ;a} lg0ff{os
txdf g]t[Tjsf nflu dlxnfx¿sf] k|efjsf/L ;xeflutf tyf
;dfg cj;/ ;'lglZrt ug]{
;a} txdf n}ªlus ;dfgtf / dlxnf tyf lszf]/Lx¿sf]
;zQmLs/0fsf] k|j4{gsf nflu gLlt tyf sfg'gx¿sf]
cjnDag ug]{ / ltgnfO{ ;an agfpg
!= Prcf/8L;Lsf] n}lËs gLlt -h]G8/
kf]ln;L_ sf] kl/efiff
n}lËs leGgtfsf] cfwf/nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf]
lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ Jojl:yt tj/n] Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] x'g]5 . dlxnf
tyf k'?if sd{rf/Lx?sf] k'0f{ tyf ;s[o ;xeflutfn] n}lËs ;dfgtf dfq
gbzf{O ;+:yfut sfo{ bIftfnfO{ ;d]t yk k|efjzfnL agfpF5 .
Prcf/8L;Lsf] n}lËs gLltn] n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] :ki6 ?kdf k|lta4tf
JoQm u/]sf] 5 . n}lËs ;dfgtfn] >f]t tyf ;'ljwfsf] aFf8kmfF8 jf
;]jfsf] kxF'rdf e]befj x'g lbb}g . n}lËs gLltn] ;dfgtfsf] cfwf/nfO{
Pstfa4 u/]sf] 5. of] lgtLn] ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf] x/]s sfo{qmddf
n}lËs ;dfgtfnfO{ ;+:yfut ;+:s[tLsf] ?kdf ;'lglZrt ug]{ nIf /fv]sf]
5.
@= cf}lrTo
n}lËs ;dfa]zL ;'ema'em k'0f{ lhDd]jf/ ;dfhsf] >[hgf hxfF
zf/Ll/s ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfx?n] ;dfg cj;/sf ;fy
u'0ffTds lhjg hLpgsf nfuL pko'Qm cfjZos aftfa/0f tof/
ug{.
#= p2]Zox?
n}lËs gLltsf k|d'v p2]Zox?
dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf;sf] nflu n}lËs ;dfgtfnfO{ hf]8lbO
d'nk|jflxs/0fdf n}hfg] 5.
dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf;sf] nflu n}lËs d'nk|jflxs/0f ug{sf] nflu
cfjZos tflnd pknJw u/fO{ Ifdtf clea[4Lsf] sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng
u/Lg] 5.
;dfg clwsf/sf] kfngf tyf ;Ddfg ug{ / pknJw >f]t ;fwgdf
;a} sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;dfg kx'Frsf] cj;/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ .
sd{rf/L egf{, ;]jf ;'ljwf, tflnd cflbdf n}lËs lje]btf x'g] 5}g .
#= p2]Zox?
k|lta]bgx?df n}lËs d'nk|jflxs/0fsf] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ cfTdf;ft ug{.
;+:yfut tyf ;d'bfo:t/Lo x'g] s[ofsnfkx?df n}lËs d'2fnfO{
;dfa]z ug{ .
ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf] ;Dk'0f{ ljefu, zfvf, tyf kl/of]hgfn]
sfo{qmd of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog tyf d'NofÍgdf ubf{ ;+:yfsf]
n}lËs gLltnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ ;3fpg.
ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfx?sf] cleefjs tyf ;d'bfonfO{
pkrf/sf] b'/ufdL k|efjsf] af/]df a'emfpg .
$= n}lËs gLltsf] nflu ;+u7gfTds Joj:yf
n}lËs ;dfj]zLs/0f Ps ;femf ;jfn -qm;sl6Ë_ xf] / of] gLlt
sfof{Gjogsf] ;DjGwdf af]8{sf] ;b:ox? tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] of]ubfg,
k|lta4tf, ;xeflutf / ;|f]t;fwgx?sf] cfjZostf kb{5 .
ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf] ;a} lqmofsnfk tyf k|fljwLs
lqmofsnfkx?df ;d]t n}lËs ;dfa]zLs/0f k|ltljlDjt x'g] / o;nfO{
cg'udgdf ;d]t k|of]u u/Lg] .
$= n}lËs gLltsf] nflu ;+u7gfTds Joj:yf
ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Ln] n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] nflu /0fg}lts
b[li6sf]0flnO{ sfo{qmdx? dfkm{t of] ;femf ;jfn -qm;sl6Ë_nfO{
;Daf]wg ug]{5 . n}lËs ;dfa]l;s/0fsf] nflu ckfËtf ePsf
afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ckfËtf ljsf; kl/jt{gsf] ;Dafxssf] ?kdf
;dfj]z ug]{ gls nfeu|fxLsf] ?kdf.
 n}lËs gLltsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{ k|To]s sfo{qmd tyf
lqmofsnfk -lrslT;sLo tyf ;fdflhs_ sf] nflu ;+:yfsf] pkNnf]
txsf] k|ltj4tfsf] cfjZostf kg]{ / o:sf] nflu sfo{ Joj:yfkg
;ldtLn] of] gLlt sfof{Gjogsf] nlfu cfjZos k|lqmof rfNg] 5.
%= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t
o; gLltsf] sfof{Gjog lgDg l;4fGtx?4f/f lgb]{lzt x'G5M
%=! n}lËs OlG6u|]zg M ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf] sfo{qmdx?sf tyf
;+:yfut lqmofsnfkx?df n}lËs ;dfa]lztfnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{sf] nflu
lgDgfg';f/ k|fyldsLs/0f u/LPsf] 5M
 n}lËs OlG6u|]zgsf] nflu cfjZos dfkb08x?sf] af/]df dlxnf tyf
k"?if sd{rf/Lx?df ;r]tgf hufpg] .
 dlxnf g]t[Tjsf] ljsf;sf nflu Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L k|d'v bfloTj
ePsf kbx?df dlxnf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
 r'gf}tLk'0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf] kf/+kl/s cEof;x?nfO{ n}lËs ;dfgtfdf
9fNg] tyf dlxnf / k'?ifn] ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;dfg ?kdf ljefhgdf ug]{.
%= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t
n}lËs ;dfgtf >[hgf ug{ ;dfg Jojxf/ ug{.
n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] nlfu cfjZos gLlt lgodx?, k|s[ofx? agfpg /
sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg.
ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf] lqmofsnfk tyf sfo{qmdx?df ;+:yfut,
;/f]sf/jfnf ;+hfn, tyf ;fem]bf/x?df ;d]t n}lËs ;dfgtf ;dfa]z
/ lj:tf/ ug{ .
dfgj z+;fwg tyf ljlQo >f]tx?sf] n}lËs ;+t'ng ;'lglZrt ug{.
n}lËs ;dfgtfsf cg'udg ;'rsf+sx? (indicators) n] ;sf/fTds
k|efjdf of]ubfg k'ØfpFg .
%= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t
%=@ n}lËs ;dfgtf
ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf] kl/b[io / nIfsf] tyf d'No dfGotfx?sf] nflu
n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] l;sfO{nfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ n}lËs lje]bnfO{ ;Daf]wg
ug{sf] nflu plrt Jojxf/ / Ifdtf clea[4Lsf] cfjZostf kb{5 .
/fi6«Lo tyf c+t/fi6«Lo :t/df dfGotf k|fKt dfgjclwsf/sf] ?kdf
n}lËs ;dfgtfnfO{ a9fjf lbg.
Jojl:yt ;+:yfut ;+/rgfn] n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf dlxnf clwsf/nfO{
k|a4{g u/L, sfo{:yndf x'g] n}lËs lx+;f tyf of}g zf]if0f /f]Sg d2t
ug{.
%= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t
;a} sfo{qmdx?df n}lËs d'2fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf] nflu cfly{s
>f]tsf] oyf]lrt Joj:yf ug{ .
k'?if sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;lqmo ;xof]uLsf] ?kdf ;+nUg u/L n}lËs
;dfgtfnfO{ a9fjf lbg .
n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] a9fjfsf] nflu bftfx?, ;xof]uLx?, ;/sf/,
gfu/Ls ;dfh tyf ;+u7gx?nfO{ ;s[o ?kdf ;dGjo u/L ;+nUg
ug{.
%= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t
n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] dfgssf] nflu :jod cfkm} tyf c?nfO{ klg
;s[o?kdf lhDd]jf/ agfpg .
pd]/, lnËcg';f/sf] 5'§f5'§} tYofÍ -8f6f_ /fvL sfo{qmdsf]
kl/0ffdnfO{ dfkg ug{.
n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] kl/0ffdsf] ;'k]/Lj]If0f Pjd d'NoFfsg tyf To;sf]
l;sfO{nfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ .
%= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t
+%=#= ;+:yfut n}lËs kl/jt{g / ;+:yfut ;'lb[9Ls/0f
n}lËs ;sf/fTds kl/jt{gn] ;+:yfut ;'lb[9Ls/0fsf ;fy}
;sf/fTds kl/jt{gsf] k|s[ofnfO{ n}lËs ;dfgtf4f/f ;zQmLs[t ug{
lgDgfg';f/ k|fyldlss/0f u/LPsf] 5 M
Prcf/8L;Lsf] gLlt tyf /0fgLltx?df n}lËs ;dfgtfsf]
cfjZostfnfO{ ;+nUg ug{ .
k|zf;lgs lg0f{o, sd{rf/L egf{, kbf]GgtL, dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;sf]
nflu cfjZos tflnddf ;dfgtf -OlSj6L_nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ .
%= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t
kf/+kl/s ?l9jfbL n}lËs e'lesfsf] wf/0ff tyf dlxnf / k'?if
aLrsf] sfdsf] lje]bnfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ k|of;nfO{ a9fjf lbg .
n}lËs d'2fdf ;+:yfut hjfkmb]xLtfdf ;'wf/sf] nflu :yflkt gLltsf]
cfwf/df n}lËs sfo{of]hgf agfpg .
s'g} klg sfo{qmddf n}lËs lj1nfO{ ;dfa]z ug'{ k/]sf] v08df
cfjZos /sd pknJwtfsf] Plsg ug{ .
%= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t
n}lËs ;Da]bgl;n sfo{:yn tyf n}+lËs ;sf/fTds b[li6sf]0f jf
Jojxf/nfO{ ;'lgZrt ug{ .
n}lËs ;dfgtfnfO{ a9fjf lbgsf] nflu ;a} sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ hjfkmb]lx
agfO{ ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g ug{ .
;a} tx tKsfsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] n}lËs ;Gt'ngdf ;'wf/ ug{ .
%= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t
%=$ n}lËs d'2fx?sf] nflu sd{rf/Lx?sf] Ifdtf clea[4L
ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf sfo{qmdx? n}lËs d'nwf/df Nofpgsf] nflu
ljleGg nlIft ;d'xx?nfO{ cfjZos JolQmut tyf ;+:yfut Ifdtf
clea[4Lsf] /0fgLltx? ckgfpg .
Ifdtf clea[4L ;DalGw s[ofsnfkx?df dlxnf ;xeflutfnfO{
k|f]T;flxt ug{ lgDgfg';f/sf] k|fyldlss/0f u/Lg]5 M
%= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t
sfo{qmd, sd{rf/L tyf ;fem]bf/x?nfO{ n}lËs lx;fjn] cfjZos
;xof]u pknJw u/fpg .
n}lËs ;Da]bgzLntf, n}lËs cg';Gwfg k4tL / n}lËs ljZn]if0f
cflb ljleGg lsl;dsf tflndx? k|bfg ug{ .
dlxnfx?sf] nflu cfjZos g]t[Tj, Joj:yfkg tyf s'/fsfgL -
g]uf]l;o;g_ ;DaGwL tflndx? k'?ifx?nfO{ ;d]t ;fd]n u/L k|bfg ug{
ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf] k|d'v kbx?df ;Dej eP;Dd dlxnf g]t[TjnfO{
k|f]T;flxt ug{ .
nIo cg'?ksf] n}lËs pknJwLx?sf nflu dlxnfx?nfO{ ;dfa]; ug{.
Joj;flos dlxnfx?nfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/sf] ;Nnfx ;'emfjx? lbg
.
%= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t
%=% n}lËs gLltsf]nflu k|df0fdf cfwfl/t kIfkf]if0f,;+:yfut tyf ;fem]bf/L
n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] nflu ;+hfn, ;fem]bf/L tyf kIfkf]if0f ug]{ gLltnfO{
dha't agfpFb} ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ lb3{sflng
:yfloTjsf] nflu lgDgfg';f/ k|fyldlss/0f u/Lg]5 M
cfjZostf cg';f/ n}lËs kmf]sn JolQm÷OsfO{÷ljefu agfpg.
If]qLo :t/df n}lËs ;r]tgf a9fpg ;+hfnnfO{ ;zQmLs[t ug{ .
c+t/fi6«Lo Kn]6kmfd{, n}lËs ;Dd]ng, ;]ldgf/x?df n}lËstf,
ckfËtf / ljsf;sf] af/]df hfgsf/L ug{ u/fpg.
%= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t
%=^ hjfkmb]lxtf
ljld;÷Prcf/8L;LnfO{ n}lËs gLltsf] dfWodaf6 n}lËs
;+a]bgzLn tyf ;dfj]zL agfpg] lhDd]jf/L ;a} sd{rf/Lx?sf]
xf] .
%= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t
%=^ hjfkmb]lxtf
af]8{sf] lhDd]jf/Lx?
sfo{Joj:yfkg 6f]lnsf] lhDd]jf/Lx?
k|zf;g tyf ljQ tyf ljefluo k|d'vx?sf] lhDd]jf/Lx?
;LjLcf/ ;+of]hs tyf sfo{qmd ;+of]hsx?sf] lhDd]jf/L
If]qLo s]Gb|sf k|d'vx?sf] lhDd]jf/Lx?
kl/of]hgf ;+of]hsx?sf] lhDd]jf/Lx?
zfvf k|d'vx?sf] lhDd]jf/Lx?
sd{rf/Lx?sf] lhDd]jf/Lx?
dlxnfx?sf] nflu ;dfg clwsf/
United Nations Development Decades -
The FIRST U.N. Development
Decade (1961-70)
The SECOND U.N. Development
Decade (1971-1980)
Lucille Mair, Secretary-General
of the 1980 Copenhagen
conference summarized the
growth of WID:
“Women in Development”: Decade
Catchphrase
Gender Empowerment Measure
Power over economic resources
Participation in economic decision
making
Access to political opportunities
International Organizations
Responded to pressures from NGOs
Major International Conferences
Rio Conference 1992
Vienna Conference 1993
Cairo Conference 1994
Beijing Conference 1995
Beijing +5 Reaffirm commitment

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HRDC Gender & Development

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  • 3. n}lËs gLlt ;DalGw k|]/s egfO{ dlxnf / k'?if ;Fu} ldn]/ u/]sf] sfdn] dfq af:tljs ;fdflhs k|utL x'G5. b'O{ dWo s;}nfO{ klg 5'6fOof] eg] ;dfa]zL ;dfh x'g} ;Sb}g .
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  • 6. n}ªlus ;dfgtf xfl;n ug]{ / ;a} dlxnf tyf lszf]/Lx¿sf] ;zQmLs/0f ug]{ uf]n % cf];f/k;f/ tyf of}gzf]if0fnufot ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL If]qx¿df ;a} dlxnf tyf lszf]/Lla?4 x'g]] ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;fsf] pGd"ng ug]{ /fhgLlts, cfly{s tyf ;fj{hlgs hLjgsf ;a} lg0ff{os txdf g]t[Tjsf nflu dlxnfx¿sf] k|efjsf/L ;xeflutf tyf ;dfg cj;/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ ;a} txdf n}ªlus ;dfgtf / dlxnf tyf lszf]/Lx¿sf] ;zQmLs/0fsf] k|j4{gsf nflu gLlt tyf sfg'gx¿sf] cjnDag ug]{ / ltgnfO{ ;an agfpg
  • 7. != Prcf/8L;Lsf] n}lËs gLlt -h]G8/ kf]ln;L_ sf] kl/efiff n}lËs leGgtfsf] cfwf/nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf] lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ Jojl:yt tj/n] Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] x'g]5 . dlxnf tyf k'?if sd{rf/Lx?sf] k'0f{ tyf ;s[o ;xeflutfn] n}lËs ;dfgtf dfq gbzf{O ;+:yfut sfo{ bIftfnfO{ ;d]t yk k|efjzfnL agfpF5 . Prcf/8L;Lsf] n}lËs gLltn] n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] :ki6 ?kdf k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf] 5 . n}lËs ;dfgtfn] >f]t tyf ;'ljwfsf] aFf8kmfF8 jf ;]jfsf] kxF'rdf e]befj x'g lbb}g . n}lËs gLltn] ;dfgtfsf] cfwf/nfO{ Pstfa4 u/]sf] 5. of] lgtLn] ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf] x/]s sfo{qmddf n}lËs ;dfgtfnfO{ ;+:yfut ;+:s[tLsf] ?kdf ;'lglZrt ug]{ nIf /fv]sf] 5.
  • 8. @= cf}lrTo n}lËs ;dfa]zL ;'ema'em k'0f{ lhDd]jf/ ;dfhsf] >[hgf hxfF zf/Ll/s ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfx?n] ;dfg cj;/sf ;fy u'0ffTds lhjg hLpgsf nfuL pko'Qm cfjZos aftfa/0f tof/ ug{.
  • 9. #= p2]Zox? n}lËs gLltsf k|d'v p2]Zox? dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf;sf] nflu n}lËs ;dfgtfnfO{ hf]8lbO d'nk|jflxs/0fdf n}hfg] 5. dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf;sf] nflu n}lËs d'nk|jflxs/0f ug{sf] nflu cfjZos tflnd pknJw u/fO{ Ifdtf clea[4Lsf] sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng u/Lg] 5. ;dfg clwsf/sf] kfngf tyf ;Ddfg ug{ / pknJw >f]t ;fwgdf ;a} sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;dfg kx'Frsf] cj;/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ . sd{rf/L egf{, ;]jf ;'ljwf, tflnd cflbdf n}lËs lje]btf x'g] 5}g .
  • 10. #= p2]Zox? k|lta]bgx?df n}lËs d'nk|jflxs/0fsf] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ cfTdf;ft ug{. ;+:yfut tyf ;d'bfo:t/Lo x'g] s[ofsnfkx?df n}lËs d'2fnfO{ ;dfa]z ug{ . ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf] ;Dk'0f{ ljefu, zfvf, tyf kl/of]hgfn] sfo{qmd of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog tyf d'NofÍgdf ubf{ ;+:yfsf] n}lËs gLltnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ ;3fpg. ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfx?sf] cleefjs tyf ;d'bfonfO{ pkrf/sf] b'/ufdL k|efjsf] af/]df a'emfpg .
  • 11. $= n}lËs gLltsf] nflu ;+u7gfTds Joj:yf n}lËs ;dfj]zLs/0f Ps ;femf ;jfn -qm;sl6Ë_ xf] / of] gLlt sfof{Gjogsf] ;DjGwdf af]8{sf] ;b:ox? tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] of]ubfg, k|lta4tf, ;xeflutf / ;|f]t;fwgx?sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf] ;a} lqmofsnfk tyf k|fljwLs lqmofsnfkx?df ;d]t n}lËs ;dfa]zLs/0f k|ltljlDjt x'g] / o;nfO{ cg'udgdf ;d]t k|of]u u/Lg] .
  • 12. $= n}lËs gLltsf] nflu ;+u7gfTds Joj:yf ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Ln] n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] nflu /0fg}lts b[li6sf]0flnO{ sfo{qmdx? dfkm{t of] ;femf ;jfn -qm;sl6Ë_nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{5 . n}lËs ;dfa]l;s/0fsf] nflu ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ckfËtf ljsf; kl/jt{gsf] ;Dafxssf] ?kdf ;dfj]z ug]{ gls nfeu|fxLsf] ?kdf.  n}lËs gLltsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{ k|To]s sfo{qmd tyf lqmofsnfk -lrslT;sLo tyf ;fdflhs_ sf] nflu ;+:yfsf] pkNnf] txsf] k|ltj4tfsf] cfjZostf kg]{ / o:sf] nflu sfo{ Joj:yfkg ;ldtLn] of] gLlt sfof{Gjogsf] nlfu cfjZos k|lqmof rfNg] 5.
  • 13. %= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t o; gLltsf] sfof{Gjog lgDg l;4fGtx?4f/f lgb]{lzt x'G5M %=! n}lËs OlG6u|]zg M ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf] sfo{qmdx?sf tyf ;+:yfut lqmofsnfkx?df n}lËs ;dfa]lztfnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{sf] nflu lgDgfg';f/ k|fyldsLs/0f u/LPsf] 5M  n}lËs OlG6u|]zgsf] nflu cfjZos dfkb08x?sf] af/]df dlxnf tyf k"?if sd{rf/Lx?df ;r]tgf hufpg] .  dlxnf g]t[Tjsf] ljsf;sf nflu Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L k|d'v bfloTj ePsf kbx?df dlxnf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .  r'gf}tLk'0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf] kf/+kl/s cEof;x?nfO{ n}lËs ;dfgtfdf 9fNg] tyf dlxnf / k'?ifn] ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;dfg ?kdf ljefhgdf ug]{.
  • 14. %= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t n}lËs ;dfgtf >[hgf ug{ ;dfg Jojxf/ ug{. n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] nlfu cfjZos gLlt lgodx?, k|s[ofx? agfpg / sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg. ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf] lqmofsnfk tyf sfo{qmdx?df ;+:yfut, ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+hfn, tyf ;fem]bf/x?df ;d]t n}lËs ;dfgtf ;dfa]z / lj:tf/ ug{ . dfgj z+;fwg tyf ljlQo >f]tx?sf] n}lËs ;+t'ng ;'lglZrt ug{. n}lËs ;dfgtfsf cg'udg ;'rsf+sx? (indicators) n] ;sf/fTds k|efjdf of]ubfg k'ØfpFg .
  • 15. %= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t %=@ n}lËs ;dfgtf ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf] kl/b[io / nIfsf] tyf d'No dfGotfx?sf] nflu n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] l;sfO{nfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ n}lËs lje]bnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf] nflu plrt Jojxf/ / Ifdtf clea[4Lsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . /fi6«Lo tyf c+t/fi6«Lo :t/df dfGotf k|fKt dfgjclwsf/sf] ?kdf n}lËs ;dfgtfnfO{ a9fjf lbg. Jojl:yt ;+:yfut ;+/rgfn] n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf dlxnf clwsf/nfO{ k|a4{g u/L, sfo{:yndf x'g] n}lËs lx+;f tyf of}g zf]if0f /f]Sg d2t ug{.
  • 16. %= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t ;a} sfo{qmdx?df n}lËs d'2fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf] nflu cfly{s >f]tsf] oyf]lrt Joj:yf ug{ . k'?if sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;lqmo ;xof]uLsf] ?kdf ;+nUg u/L n}lËs ;dfgtfnfO{ a9fjf lbg . n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] a9fjfsf] nflu bftfx?, ;xof]uLx?, ;/sf/, gfu/Ls ;dfh tyf ;+u7gx?nfO{ ;s[o ?kdf ;dGjo u/L ;+nUg ug{.
  • 17. %= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] dfgssf] nflu :jod cfkm} tyf c?nfO{ klg ;s[o?kdf lhDd]jf/ agfpg . pd]/, lnËcg';f/sf] 5'§f5'§} tYofÍ -8f6f_ /fvL sfo{qmdsf] kl/0ffdnfO{ dfkg ug{. n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] kl/0ffdsf] ;'k]/Lj]If0f Pjd d'NoFfsg tyf To;sf] l;sfO{nfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ .
  • 18. %= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t +%=#= ;+:yfut n}lËs kl/jt{g / ;+:yfut ;'lb[9Ls/0f n}lËs ;sf/fTds kl/jt{gn] ;+:yfut ;'lb[9Ls/0fsf ;fy} ;sf/fTds kl/jt{gsf] k|s[ofnfO{ n}lËs ;dfgtf4f/f ;zQmLs[t ug{ lgDgfg';f/ k|fyldlss/0f u/LPsf] 5 M Prcf/8L;Lsf] gLlt tyf /0fgLltx?df n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;+nUg ug{ . k|zf;lgs lg0f{o, sd{rf/L egf{, kbf]GgtL, dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;sf] nflu cfjZos tflnddf ;dfgtf -OlSj6L_nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ .
  • 19. %= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t kf/+kl/s ?l9jfbL n}lËs e'lesfsf] wf/0ff tyf dlxnf / k'?if aLrsf] sfdsf] lje]bnfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ k|of;nfO{ a9fjf lbg . n}lËs d'2fdf ;+:yfut hjfkmb]xLtfdf ;'wf/sf] nflu :yflkt gLltsf] cfwf/df n}lËs sfo{of]hgf agfpg . s'g} klg sfo{qmddf n}lËs lj1nfO{ ;dfa]z ug'{ k/]sf] v08df cfjZos /sd pknJwtfsf] Plsg ug{ .
  • 20. %= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t n}lËs ;Da]bgl;n sfo{:yn tyf n}+lËs ;sf/fTds b[li6sf]0f jf Jojxf/nfO{ ;'lgZrt ug{ . n}lËs ;dfgtfnfO{ a9fjf lbgsf] nflu ;a} sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ hjfkmb]lx agfO{ ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g ug{ . ;a} tx tKsfsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] n}lËs ;Gt'ngdf ;'wf/ ug{ .
  • 21. %= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t %=$ n}lËs d'2fx?sf] nflu sd{rf/Lx?sf] Ifdtf clea[4L ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf sfo{qmdx? n}lËs d'nwf/df Nofpgsf] nflu ljleGg nlIft ;d'xx?nfO{ cfjZos JolQmut tyf ;+:yfut Ifdtf clea[4Lsf] /0fgLltx? ckgfpg . Ifdtf clea[4L ;DalGw s[ofsnfkx?df dlxnf ;xeflutfnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ lgDgfg';f/sf] k|fyldlss/0f u/Lg]5 M
  • 22. %= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t sfo{qmd, sd{rf/L tyf ;fem]bf/x?nfO{ n}lËs lx;fjn] cfjZos ;xof]u pknJw u/fpg . n}lËs ;Da]bgzLntf, n}lËs cg';Gwfg k4tL / n}lËs ljZn]if0f cflb ljleGg lsl;dsf tflndx? k|bfg ug{ . dlxnfx?sf] nflu cfjZos g]t[Tj, Joj:yfkg tyf s'/fsfgL - g]uf]l;o;g_ ;DaGwL tflndx? k'?ifx?nfO{ ;d]t ;fd]n u/L k|bfg ug{ ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf] k|d'v kbx?df ;Dej eP;Dd dlxnf g]t[TjnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ . nIo cg'?ksf] n}lËs pknJwLx?sf nflu dlxnfx?nfO{ ;dfa]; ug{. Joj;flos dlxnfx?nfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/sf] ;Nnfx ;'emfjx? lbg .
  • 23. %= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t %=% n}lËs gLltsf]nflu k|df0fdf cfwfl/t kIfkf]if0f,;+:yfut tyf ;fem]bf/L n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] nflu ;+hfn, ;fem]bf/L tyf kIfkf]if0f ug]{ gLltnfO{ dha't agfpFb} ljld;÷Prcf/8L;Lsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ lb3{sflng :yfloTjsf] nflu lgDgfg';f/ k|fyldlss/0f u/Lg]5 M cfjZostf cg';f/ n}lËs kmf]sn JolQm÷OsfO{÷ljefu agfpg. If]qLo :t/df n}lËs ;r]tgf a9fpg ;+hfnnfO{ ;zQmLs[t ug{ . c+t/fi6«Lo Kn]6kmfd{, n}lËs ;Dd]ng, ;]ldgf/x?df n}lËstf, ckfËtf / ljsf;sf] af/]df hfgsf/L ug{ u/fpg.
  • 24. %= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t %=^ hjfkmb]lxtf ljld;÷Prcf/8L;LnfO{ n}lËs gLltsf] dfWodaf6 n}lËs ;+a]bgzLn tyf ;dfj]zL agfpg] lhDd]jf/L ;a} sd{rf/Lx?sf] xf] .
  • 25. %= n}lËs gLltsf] dfu{bz{s l;4f+t %=^ hjfkmb]lxtf af]8{sf] lhDd]jf/Lx? sfo{Joj:yfkg 6f]lnsf] lhDd]jf/Lx? k|zf;g tyf ljQ tyf ljefluo k|d'vx?sf] lhDd]jf/Lx? ;LjLcf/ ;+of]hs tyf sfo{qmd ;+of]hsx?sf] lhDd]jf/L If]qLo s]Gb|sf k|d'vx?sf] lhDd]jf/Lx? kl/of]hgf ;+of]hsx?sf] lhDd]jf/Lx? zfvf k|d'vx?sf] lhDd]jf/Lx? sd{rf/Lx?sf] lhDd]jf/Lx?
  • 27. United Nations Development Decades - The FIRST U.N. Development Decade (1961-70) The SECOND U.N. Development Decade (1971-1980)
  • 28. Lucille Mair, Secretary-General of the 1980 Copenhagen conference summarized the growth of WID: “Women in Development”: Decade Catchphrase
  • 29. Gender Empowerment Measure Power over economic resources Participation in economic decision making Access to political opportunities
  • 31. Major International Conferences Rio Conference 1992 Vienna Conference 1993 Cairo Conference 1994 Beijing Conference 1995 Beijing +5 Reaffirm commitment