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;g !(() sf] bzsb]lv dfq zLtnx/n] hgwgsf] Iflt ug]{ ljifonfO{
dxŒjsf ;fy x]g{ yflnPsf] kfOG5 . k|sf]ksf ljleGg k|sf/dWo] zLtnx/
cln gf}nf] ePsf]n] o; ;DaGwdf vf;} cg';Gwfg ePsf] klg kfOFbg . }
oltv]/ eg] zLtnx/nfO{ ljZj kof{j/0f / hnjfo'' kl/jt{g;Fu ufFl;P/
cfPsf] k|sf]ksf] ¿kdf klg lng] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
lxdkft zLtnx/ xf]Og
pRr lxdfnL If]qdf jif{el/ g} lxpF kl//xG5 . To:t} tNnf] lxdfnL
v08df eg] lxpFbdf dfq lxdkft x'G5 . lxdkftsf sf/0f lxdfnL If]qdf
;d]t rL;f] lgs} a9]/ hghLjg k|efljt x'G5 tfklg To;nfO{ zLtnx/
elgPsf] 5}g .
udL{ ofddf ;d]t hf8f] g} x'g] lxdfn / Gofgf] x'g] kxf8sf dflg;nfO{
rL;f] ofddf w]/} hf8f] x'G5 eGg] 1fg /x]sf] x'G5 . To;}sf/0f pgLx¿
rL;f]af6 aRg cfˆgf] ef}uflns cj:yf / ljutdf ePsf] rL;f]sf]
cg'ejsf cfwf/df ;dod} Gofgf] n'ufsf] Joj:yf u5{g . pgLx¿ cfˆgf]
3/ dfq geP/ 3/kfn'jf kz'sf uf]7nfO{ klg tftf] agfpg] ljlwx¿sf]
k|of]u u5{g . tftf] 3/–uf]7sf] Joj:yf, kf]lifnf] vfgf, cfuf] tyf
Gofgf]sf nflu OGwgsf] Joj:yf ;dod} u5{g . hf8f]af6 aRg k|z:t
tftf] k]okbfy{ lkpg] / z/L/nfO{ Gofgf] agfO/fVg] s'/fdf klg lxdfnL
If]qsf dflg; ;r]t /x]sf] kfOG5 . To;}u/L lxpFbdf rL;f] x'g' lgoldt
k|lqmof ePsfn] pgLx¿nfO{ w]/} hf8f] eP klg c:jfefljs nfUb}g .
pgLx¿df rL;f] ;xg ug]{ zf/Ll/s Ifdtfsf] ljsf; klg ePsf] x'G5 .
To;}sf/0f pgLx¿ rL;f]sf] ;fdgf ug{ t'ngfTds ¿kn] ;Ifd x'G5g .
lxdfnL If]qdf hf8f]af6 aRg] k/Dk/fut pkfosf] cjnDag g} pko'Qm
x'g] ePsfn] clwsf+z dflg; :yfgLo tyf k/dk/fut ljlw g} k|of]u
ug{ cEo:t eO;s]sf x'G5g . o;sf/0f klg kxf8L / lxdfnL If]qdf
rL;f]af6 ;fdfGo k|efj k/] klg c:jfefljs Iflt ePsf] ;'Gg kfOFbg .}
obfsbf cTolws lxdkft eP/, lxdklx/f] uP/ / lxdtfn ljikmf]6 eP/
eg] Iflt x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

zLtnx/ rNg] sf/0f
zLtnx/ jfo'd08df x'g] cGtlqm{ofsf] kl/0ffd xf] . o;df jftfj/0fsf
ef}lts / h}ljs tTjsf] klg ;xeflutf /x]sf] x'G5 . zLtnx/ rn]sf]
a]nf afSnf] s'lx/f]n] cfsfzsf] tNnf] efu / hldg 9flsPsf] x'G5 .
afSnf] s'lx/f]h:tf] x':;' nfu]sf] To; ;dodf dflg;n] b]Vg ;Sg] b"/Ldf
;d]t ;ªsrg cfpF5 . cfk"meGbf s]xL ld6/ 6f9f /x]sf] 7f]; a:t',
'
dflg;, hgfj/;d]t b]Vg sl7g x'G5 . lxpFb dlxgfdf o:tf] 36gf lsg
x'G5 jf zLtnx/ lsg rN5 eGg] hfgsf/L lnPdf o;af6 ;'/lIft /x]g]
pkfo kQf nufpg ;lsG5 .
zLtnx/af/] hfgsf/L lng g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]qsf] dfq j0f{g u/]/ k'Ub}g .
o;sf nflu zLtnx/n] k|efj kfg]{ kfls:tfgsf] e"–efu, pQ/L ef/t,
aªunfb]z / g]kfnsf] t/fO{nfO{ ;d]t ;d]6/ x]g{' cfjZos b]lvG5 .
]

ef}uf]lns cj:yf
kfls:tfg x'b} ef/tsf] pQ/L laxf/, l;lnu'8L, cf;fd tyf g]kfnsf]
F
t/fO{ / aªunfb]zsf] d}bfgL e"efudf dfq c;fdfGo rL;f] a9]/ zLtnx/
rNg] u/]sf] cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 . To;f] eP kxf8L If]qdf lsg
zLtnx/ rNb}g eGg] k|Zg p7g klg ;S5 . t/ l:y/ ¿kdf afSnf]
s'lx/f] nfUg ef}uf]lns cj:yf / jfo'sf] rfkn] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x
ug]{ x'bf kxf8L If]qdf zLtnx/ rNb}g eGg] lj1x¿sf] egfO 5 . oBlk
F
kxf8L If]qsf pkTosf / a];Lx¿df afSnf] x':;' nfUg] u/]sf] 5 . To:tf]
F
x':;' nfUbf t'ngfTds ¿kdf rL;f] x'g] eP klg t/fO{s} h:tf] zLtnx/
eg] rNg] u/]sf] 5}g .
cToGt rL;f] x'g] ;fOa]l/osf] d?e"ldaf6 lxpFbdf rL;f] xfjf k"jtkm{ {
axG5 . Tof] rL;f] xfjf kfls:tfg x'b} ef/tsf] pQ/L If]qdf k|jz u5{ .
F ]
k"jl{ t/ axg] qmddf klZrdL jfo' g]kfnsf] r'/] kj{t z[ªvnfdf 7f]lSsG5 .

To;/L cfˆgf]] axfadfu{df cj/f]w cfPkl5 To;n] cfˆgf] af6f] kl/jt{g
u5{ / t/fO{sf] tNnf] jfo'd08nLo efudf km}lng yfN5 / lj:tf/} afSnf]
s'lx/f]sf] ¿kdf x':;' ag]/ l:y/ /xG5 . r'/] kj{tdfnfn] klZrdaf6
cfPsf] jfo'sf] axfadfu{ cj?4 u/]kl5 rL;f] jfo';u} cfPsf]] s'lx/f];d]t
F

To; kj{tdfnfeGbf tNnf] efud} hDdf x'G5 . o;/L w]/} rL;f] xfjf
k"jtkm{ ax]sf] cj:yfdf zLtnx/ w]/} If]qdf km}lnG5 eg] yf]/} rL;f] jfo'
{
ax]sf] ;dodf ;Lldt If]qdf dfq /xG5 . ctM t/fO{sf] pQ/L l;dfgfdf
kvf{nh:t} ag]/ k"j–klZrd km}lnPsf] r'/] kj{t z[ªvnfdf ;fOa]l/og
{
d?e"ldaf6 cfPsf] rL;f] jfo' 7f]lSsO{ blIf0fsf] t/fO{tkm{ y'lk|bf zLtnx/
F
rNg ;'? u5{ .

jfo'd08nLo rfk
jfo'sf] rfk sd ePsf] If]qdf s'lx/f] nfUb}g . jfo'sf] rfk sd ePsf]
cj:yfdf afbndf bafa kb}g / tnlt/ lylrg kfpFbg . To:tf] jfo'
{ }
cfsfzdf km}lnP/ kftlnG5 / cfsfz v'nf / ;kmf b]lvG5 . kxf8L
If]qdf jfo'sf] rfk sd x'g] ePsfn] / lxpFb] afbndf hnjfik sd x'g]
x'bf afSnf] s'lx/f] l:y/ eP/ Ps} :yfgdf /xg] cj:yf pTkGg x'bg .
F F }
To;}n] hf8f] df};ddf kxf8lt/ obfsbf s'lx/f] nfluxfn] klg 5f]6f]
;dod} kftlng] / cfsfz pl3|P/ / 3fd nfUg] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 .
jfo'sf] rfk a9L x'g] kxf8sf a];L / vf]r / pkTosfdf eg] x':;' nfU5 .
F
To:tf] If]qdf s]xL ;do x':;' nfu] klg t/fO{sf] h:tf] nfdf] ;do nfUb}g
/ zLtnx/ klg rNb}g .
kxf8L If]qsf] t'ngfdf t/fO{sf] jfo'df cfb|tf klg a9L x'g] rfk klg w]/}
{
x'g] ljz]if1x¿sf] egfO /x]sf] 5 . r'/] kj{t z[ªvnfeGbf tNnf] If]qsf]

d}bfgL e"If]qdf jfo'sf] rfk w]/} x'g] x'bf klZrd ;fOa]l/ofb]lv axFb}
F
cfPsf] rL;f] xfjf dflyNnf] txsf] jfo'sf] rfkaf6 lylrP/ afSnf] x'b} F
e";txlt/ em5{ . o:tf] cj:yfdf afXo If]qsf] jfo' ToxfF k:g] jf lelqg]
;Defjgf klg go"g x'G5, g tNnf] efusf] jfo' dflylt/ p7]/ km}lng g}
g} kfpF5 . cTolws rfkdf k/]sf] tNnf] e";tx glhs}sf] xfjfsf] axfault
klg sd x'G5 . To;}n] x':;' l:y/ /xG5 o;/L jfo'sf] pRrrfk /x]sf]
t/fO{If]qdf Pslqt eP/ afSnf] ag]sf] s'lx/f] ;Fu} klZrdaf6 axg]
rL;f] xfjfn] zLtnx/ pTkGg u5{ .

xfjfsf] axfa
g]kfndf k"jtkm{af6 rNg] xfjf tftf] x'g] ePsfn] hf8f] dlxgfdf klg k"jL{
{
xfjf rNbf Gofgf] cg'ej x'G5 . zLtnx/sf] cj:yf pTkGg x'g s7ofªlu|g]
rL;f] xfjf rNg' k5{ h'g hf8f] dlxgfdf klZrdaf6 k"jl{ t/ axG5 .

vf;u/L lxpFbdf rL;f] ag]sf] ;fOa]l/ofaf6 k"jl{ t/ rNg] rL;f] xfjf
kfls:tfg / ef/tsf] pQ/L v08 x'b} g]kfnsf] r'/] z[ªvnfdf 7f]lSsP/
F
t/fO{lt/ df]l8G5 . o; cj:yfdf cfoftg lng] jfo'sf] cˆgf] u'0fcg';f/
a9L 3gTj ePsf] :yfgsf] jfo' sd 3gTj ePsf] :yfgtkm{ axG5 .
To;}u/L pRrrfk ePsf] If]qsf] rL;f] jfo' g dflylt/ axg kfpF5, g
t zfXo If]qdf g} km}lng kfpF5 . cfb|tf tyf hnjfik ;lxtsf] rL;f]
{
klZrdL jfo' ux|fF} x'g] ePsf]n] r'/sf] sfF7df 7f]lSsP/ tnlt/ emg{ afWo
]
x'G5 . To;/L af6f] kl/jt{g u/]sf] jfo'nfO{ qmlds ¿kdf cfpg] klZrdL
jfo'n] k5fl8af6 lg/Gt/ ws]N5 / la:tf/} k"jl{ t/ g} axG5 . o;/L
klZrdL If]qaf6 g]kfn k;]sf] zLtnx/ lj:tf/} ef/tsf] l;nLu'8L,
cf;fd, aªunfb]z x'b} Dofgdf/sf] ;LdfIf]q;Dd k'Ug] u/]sf] 5 .
F

jfo'd08nLo tfk ljkl/t cj:yf
k[YjLsf] ;txaf6 hlt prfO a95 jfo'sf] tfkqmd / rfk klg To;}
cg'kftdf sd x'b} hfG5 . ;fdfGotof jfo'd08nsf] tfkqmd 36g] dfqf
F
k|ltlsnf]ld6/ sl/a Ps l8u|L ;]lN;o; x'G5 . jfo'd08nsf] prfO;Fu}
tfkqmd 36g] oxL qmdn] jfo'd08ndf $) lsnf]ld6/eGbf dflysf]
tfkqmd z"GoeGbf ^) l8u|L ;]lG6u|8;Dd tn cyf{t dfOg; ^) l8u|L
]
tn em/]sf] x'G5 .
o;sf] 7Ls ljkl/t zLtnx/ rn]sf] ;dodf e";txsf] jfo'sf] tfkqmd
w]/} tn em/]sf] x'G5 . afSnf] s'lx/f] nfu]sf] ;dodf To; s'lx/f]sf]
dflyNnf] efusf]] tfkqmd tNnf] efusf] tfkqmds} xf/fxf/Ldf /x]sf] x'G5
/ To;eGbf dflysf] jfo'd08ndf s'lx/f] jf x':;' gnfu]/ ;kmf cfsfz
b]lvg] x'bf ToxfF 3fd nfu]sf] x'G5 hxfF /flknf] 3fdsf sf/0f tfkqmd
F
tnsf] eGbf a9L /x]sf] x'G5 . o;af6 :ki6 x'G5, e";txb]lv hlt dfly
uof] TolQ g} tfkqmd Go"g x'g' kg]df dflyNnf] jfo'd08nsf] tfkqmd eg]
{
tftf] x'G5 . o:tf] c;fdfGo cj:yfsf sf/0f jfo'd08nsf] ;fdfGo
l;4fGtsf] ljk/Lt afSnf] s'lx/f] dflysf] jfo'd08sf] tfkqmd a9L x'G5 .
s'lx/f] nfu]sf] :yfgsf] jfo' To;eGbf dflysf] jfo'eGbf rL;f] ePsf] x'g]
x'bf g dflylt/ p7g ;S5 g t x':;'n] 3fdsf] k|sfz / tfknfO{ tnlt/
F
l5g{ lbG5 . o;/L s'lx/f] nfu]sf] dflyNnf] If]qsf] jfo' jfo'd08nsf]
tNnf] If]q xFb} k[YjLsf] ;txtkm{ rL;f] nx/ pTkGg ub{} emb{5 . dflyaf6
'
tnlt/ emb}{ k"jL{lbzftkm{ axg] rL;f] jfo'sf] l;/{l;/{ nx/n] zLtnx/sf]
¿k lnP/ c;fdfGo rL;f] pTkGg u5{ .

hnjfo' kl/jt{g
ljZjJofkL pi0fLs/0fsf sf/0f eO/x]sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] klg
zLtnx/sf] ¿kdf kl/jt{g u/]sf] lj1x¿sf] wf/0ff 5 . ljZjJofkL
¿kdf ePsf] cf}Bf]lus ljsf; / k|fs[lts ;|ftdflysf] rfkn] jfo'kbif0fdf
] | "
Jofks j[l4 ePsf] 5 . o;n] k[YjLsf] pi0fLs/0fnfO{ tLj| dfq agfPsf]
5}g jfo'd08nLo ultljlwdf ;d]t c;fdfGo kl/jt{g cfpg yfn]sf]
5 . pBf]u / cGo dfgjLo ultljlwn] sfa{g 8fOcS;fO8, sfa{g
df]gf]cS;fO8, Snf]/f]ˆn'/f] sfa{gh:tf k|bl" ift Uof;sf] pT;h{g lg/Gt/
al9/x]sf] 5 . Pslt/, Snf]/f]ˆn'/f] sfa{gsf] pTkfbg / jfo'd08ndf x'g]
lj;h{gn] cf]hf]gtx kftlnFb} uP/ k/fa}hgL ljls/0f l;w} k[YjLdf cfpg]
qmd a9]sf] 5 eg] csf]tkm{ jfo'd08ndf xl/tu[x Uof;sf] dfqf a9]/
{
k[YjLaf6 tfk jfo'd08naflx/ hfg glbP/ tfkqmd j[l4 x'g] qmd al9/x]sf]
5 . jfo'kbif0fsf] o; ljs/fn ;d:ofn] cltj[li6, cgfj[li6, v8]/Lh:tf
| "
ljleGg k|sf]k a9fpg] / ltgsf] k|efjaf6 pTkGg x'g] cGo k|sf]ksf]
z[ ª v nf r/0fa4¿kdf cfpg] s' / f lglj{ j fb 5 . lgoldt
cfsl:dstfcGtu{t x'g] jftfj/0fLo tTjx¿sf] lqmof–k|ltlqmofsf sf/0f
e";txdf k|b"lift jfo'sf] rfk a9]/ zLtnx/ rn]sf] wf/0ff klg
df};dlabx¿n] /fv]sf 5g . oBlk zLtnx/k|efljt kfls:tfg, ef/t,
g]kfn / aªunfb]zn] o; ljifodf cWoog eg] ug{ ;s]sf 5g}gg .

lxpFb]jiff{
aªunfb]z, ef/t / g]kfndf rNg] dg;'gL jiff{ k"jL{ jfo'af6 k|efljt
x'g] u/]sf] 5 . aªufnsf] vf8Laf6 dg;'gL jfo' klZrdlt/ axFbf
g]kfndf jiff{ x'G5 . t/ dªl;/kl5sf] lxpb dlxgfdf klZrdL jfo'sf]
k|efjaf6 dfq jiff{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
;fOa]l/og d?e"ldaf6 k"j{ axg] jfo'sf sf/0f g} zLtnz/ rNg] / ToxL
jfo'sf sf/0f lxpFb] jiff{ klg x'g] ePsfn] zLtnx/ / lxpFb} jiff{aLr
;DaGw /x]sf] dfGg ;lsG5 . o;sf ;fy} lxpFb} jiff{ ePkl5 nfdf] ;do
zLtnx/ rNg] / jiff{ gePdf zLtnx/ 5f]6f] ;do dfq rNg] ljutsf]
tYon] oL b'O{ 36gfaLr ;DaGw /x]sf] k'li6 u5{ . ljutsf jif{df rn]sf]
zLtnx/sf] tYofª cg';f w]/} kfgL k/]sf] jif{ nfdf] ;do;Dd zLtnx/
rn]sf] kfOPsf] 5 tfklg @)%( ;fndf lxpFbjiff{ geO{ dlxgfF} nfdf]
]
;do;Dd zLtnx/ rn]sf] lyof] .

zLtnx/sf] k|efj
tLg bzscl3;Dd klg zLtnx/sf] k|efjaf/] dflg; cgle1h:t}
lyof] . s'g} s'g} jif{sf] hf8f] df};ddf afSnf] x':;' nfUg] s]xL dflg;
lj/fdL x'g] tyf lxpFbafnLsf] pTkfbg 36g] cj:yf /x] klg To;k|lt
]
dflg;sf] rf;f] sd ePsf] /xGYof] . ljut s]xL bzs otfaf6 dflg;df
o;;DaGwL hfgsf/L x'g yfn]sf] eP klg zLtnx/ klg Ps k|sf/sf]
k|sf]khGo 36gf xf] eGg] 1fg eg] uPsf] rf/ jif{af6 dfq k|sfzdf
cfPsf] 5 . zLtnx/af6 bh{gf}F dflg; d/] klg jf s/f]8f}sf] afnL F
pTkfbgdf c;/ kf/] klg ;/sf/n] ;d]t o;nfO{ ;fdfGo ?kdf lng]
u/]sf] lyof] .
k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf If]qdf sfd ug]{ u};/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] zLtnx/ klg
k|sf]khGo 36gf ePsfn] o;af/]sf] ax; cufl8 a9fpg' kg]{ tyf
kLl8tnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{ ljifo p7fpg yfn]kl5 cxn] zLtnx/nfO{
klg ;/sf/n] k|sf]khGo 36gf dfg]sf] 5 . jf:tjdf zLtnx/n] gkTofpg]
lsl;dn] hghLjg 7Kk agfpg] qmd a9b} uPsf] 5 .
zLtnx/ rn]sf] ;dodf c;fdfGo rL;f] x'g] x'bf o;sf] k|efjaf6
F
;Dk"0f{ hghLjg c;fdfGo ¿kdf k|efljt x'G5 . nfdf] ;do;Dd Ps}
:t/sf] rL;f] lg/Gt/ /xg] ePsf sf/0f zfl//Ls ?kdf sdhf]/ dflg;
a]xf]; x'g] / cGtdf d[To';d]t x'g] ;Defjgf /xG5 . zLtnx/sf] k|lts"n
k|efj hghLjgsf] Ps kIfdf dfq kb}g, o;af6 w]/} If]qdf Jofks c;/
{
k5{, h;nfO{ lgDg cg';f/ lng ;lsG5 M

;fdflhs k|efj
zLtnx/ t/fO{df rNg] ePsfn] o;sf] jf:tljs k|efj t/fO{af;Ldf
k5{ . jif{sf] clwsf+z ;do udL{ x'g] / ;fdfGotof k'; tyf df3df
Gofgf] xfjfkfgL x'g] o; If]qdf rL;f]af6 ;'/lIft /xg] pkfo ckgfpg'
h?/L 7fGg] u/]sf] kfOFbg . t/fO{af;Ln] hf8f] dlxgfsf nflu ;fdfGo
}
Gofgf] sk8fsf] hf]xf] ug]{ u/] klg clwsf+z dflg; To;k|lt ;r]t /x]sf
x'bgg . dWo lxpFbdf klg zLtnx/ grn]df ;fdfGo s'yf{, wf]tL, ;6,
F }

KofG6h:tf ;'tL sk8fn] wfGg] ePsfn] afSnf] / w]/} Gofgf] sk8fsf]
hf]xf] ug'{ cfjZos 7flgFbg . t/ w]/} ;d'bfodf ul/aLsf sf/0f Gofgf]
}
sk8f / zLtnx/af6 aRg] cGo pkfo cjnDag ug]{ Ifdtf geP/ klg
dflg;df k|ToIf k|efj kg]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 .
x/]s jif{ d'nsdf hfg] af9L / klx/f]af6 xhf/f}F dflg; 3/af/ljxLg x'g]
'
u/]sf 5g . ljz]ifu/L t/fO{df a9Laf6 xhf/f}F kl/jf/ lj:yflkt eO/x]sf
x'G5g . @)^$ ;fnsf] ;fpgsf] !$ ut];Dddf d'nssf #& xhf/'
kl/jf/sf ;jfnfv dflg; a9Laf6 lj:yflkt ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf]
5 . af9Lsf] of] kL8f ;lsg gkfpFb} t/fO{df rNg] zLtnx/af6 tL
lj:yflkt g} a9L k|efljt x'g] u/]sf] oyfy{nfO{ ljutsf] Oltxf;n] k'li6
u5{ . o;y{ af9Lk|efljt ;d'bfosf] ;'/Iffsf ;Gbe{df ul/g] sfo{qmddf
s]xL dlxgfkl5 x'g] csf]{ k|sf]khGo 36gfk|lt klg ;+jbgzLn x'g'
]
cfjZos 5 .
dfgjLo Iflt
Gofgf] sk8fsf] hf]xf] ug{ g;Sg] ul/a kl/jf/sf w]/} ;b:o zLtnx/sf]
k|ToIf k|efjdf kg]{ u/]sf 5g . x'g t h'g;'s} k|sf]ksf 36gfaf6 klg
ul/a ;LdfGt ;d'bfo g} kLl8t x'g] u/]sf 5g, oBlk o;af6 klg ul/a
;d'bfo g} a9L k|efljt x'g] u5{g . kf]if0fo'Qm vfgfsf] cefj / Gofgf]
sk8f tyf tftf]sf nflu OGwgsf] sdLsf sf/0f clwsf+z dflg;n]
d[To'sf] k~hfdf kg'{ k/]sf] 5 .
zLtnx/af6 g]kfndf olt dflg;sf] d[To' x'g] u/]sf] 5 eg]/ s'g} 7fpFdf
cflwsfl/s tYofªs /fVg] Joj:yf gePsfn] To:tf] tYofªs pknAw
5}g . pknAw s]xL cgf}krfl/s tYofªscg';f/ @)^) ;fndf g]kfn,
ef/t / aªunfb]zdf rn]sf] zLtnx/df k/L] Hofg u'dfPsf nueu b'O{
xhf/ dflg;dWo] *) hgf g]kfnsf lyP . ;f] jif{ g]kfndf sl/a Ps
dlxgf zLtnx/ rn]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L sl/a !% lbg rn]sf] @)^@
;fnsf] zLtnx/sf sf/0f sl/a &) hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] cg'dfg
ul/Psf] 5 .
hg:jf:Yodf ;d:of
zLtnx/ rn]sf] a]nf rL;f]sf sf/0f x'g] /f]udf cTolws j[l4 x'G5 .
rL;f] ;xg] Ifdtfsf] cefj ePsf ;fdfGo /f]uL JolQmsf] Hofg klg

rL;f]s} sf/0f hfG5 . hf8f]sf sf/0f aflx/ lxF88'n ug{ sl7g x'g] x'bf
F
3/af/Ldf ug'{ kg]{ b}lgs sfo{df klg cj/f]w l;h{gf x'G5 . lgDg:t/sf]
cfly{s cj:yf ePsf dflg;n] cfˆgf] b}lgs /f]huf/L;d]t ug{ g;Sgfn]
ef]sd/Lsf] kL8f ;xg'kg]{ cj:yf pTkGg x'G5 g}, nfdf] ;do;Dd
zLtnx/ rNbf vfg} gkfP/ k|f0f TofUg] cj:yf klg cfPsf] kfOG5 . s}of}F
a"9f–a"9L / s]6fs]6L vfBfGgsf] cefjsf sf/0f k|tfl8t x'G5g /
s'kf]if0fsf] l;sf/ aG5g .
zLtnx/sf] ;d:of;Fu} hg:jf:Yo;DaGwL b]lvg] ljleGg ;d:of;Fu
clwsf+z ;/sf/L lgsfo cgle1h:t} /x]sf] 5 . zLtnx/ rn]sf]
;dodf t/fO{ If] q df lgdf] l gof, sf] N 8 8fOl/of, bdnufotsf
Zjf;k|Zjf;;DaGwL ;d:ofn] lgs} hl6n ;d:of pTkGg u/]sf] x'G5 .
oBlk o:tf ;d:ofnfO{ st} klg clen]vsf ¿kdf /fVg] k|rng 5}g /
cfkTsfnLg pkrf/sf] Joj:yf x'g ;s]sf] klg b]lvFbg . }
zLtnx/sf ;dodf k|efljt If]qsf afnaflnsf / a"9fa"9L / lj/fdLn]
:jf:Yo;DaGwL ;d:ofsf] ;fdgf ug'{ k5{ . hf8f]n] s]6fs]6Ldf lgdf]lgof
/ j[¢x¿df bd, Zjf;k|Zjf;sf] ;d:of a9L b]lvg] u5{ . ljutsf
t'ngfdf zLtnx/sf] rfk a9b} uPsf] / ;d:of klg lg/Gt/ a9b} uPsf]
;Gbe{df ;/sf/, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / gful/s ;dfhn] rgfvf] x'g' h?/L
b]lvPsf] 5 .

cfly{s If]qdf Iflt
zLtnx/n] b}lgs dfgj hLjgdf kfg]{ k|efj t 5Fb5, o;sf] k|lts"n
}
k|efjsf] ;fdgf ;du| cy{tGqn] ;d]t ug'{ kg]{ l:ylt pTkGg x'G5 .
zLtnx/n] vf;u/L lxpFbdf nufOg] t/sf/L, t]nxg / cGo gub]afnL
/ vfBfGgdf k|lts"n k|efj kf5{ . o;af6 kz'kfng Joj;fo, cf}Bf]lus
If]q, :yn tyf xjfO oftfoft, Jofkf/–Jojf;fodf ;d]t k|lts"n k|efj
kg]{ u5{ . o;/L zLtnx/n] ax'cfoflds ¿kdf cfly{s Iflt k'¥ofpg]
x'bf b]zsf] cy{tGq;d]t k|efljt ePsf] 5 .
F
s[lif If]q
ux'F lxpFbdf nufOg] k|dv vfBfGg afnL xf] . tf]/LnfO{ d'nsdf t]nsf]
' '

dfu k"lt{ ug]{ dxŒjk"0f{ gub]afnLsf ¿kdf lnOG5 . d'nssf ljleGg
'
;x/L If]q / ef/t;Dd lgof{t x'g] ljleGg hftsf t/sf/Lsf] v]tL klg
lxpFbd} x'g] u5{ .
hf8f]df pTkfbg x'g] ux',F tf]/L, cfn', km"n uf]eL, aGbf uf]eL, a|fsfpnL,
]
v';f{gL, n;'g, Kofhh:tf afnLn] nfdf] ;do rNg] zLtnx/sf] ;fdgf
ug{ ;Sb}gg . To;df klg tf]/L / cfn', uf]eLh:tf t/sf/L zLtnx/af6
cTolws k|efljt eP/ ltgsf] pTkfbgdf *) b]lv () k|ltzt;Dd
x|f; cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . nuftf/ t';f/f]h:tf] jiff{ x'g] zLtnx/ nfdf]
;do;Dd sfod /x]df rL;f] ;xg;Sg] ux'sf] pTkfbg;d]t &) k|ltzteGbf
F
w]/} x|f; x'g] u5{ .
nfdf] ;do;Dd w'Dd k/]/ x':;' nfUg] x'bf jg:kltsf] k|sfz;+Zn]if0f
F
k|lqmof ca?4 x'G5 . kl/0ffd:j?k nufOPsf afnLsf la?jfn] df6f]af6
kf]ifstŒj u|x0f ug{ ;Sb}g . To:t} lxpFb] afnLsf kft cToGt} sf]dn
x'G5g, hf] rL;f] ;xg g;s]/ v'dL k/]/ / cf]OnfP/ dg{ yfN5 . df};dL
|
lx;fan] lxpFb dlxgf t/fO{df cfn', tf]/L, ux'F / w]/} k|sf/sf t/sf/L
v]tL nufpg] ;do eP klg ToxL ;dodf zLtnx/ rNg] x'bf tL anL F
k"/} gi6 eP/ pTkfbg g} z"Go x'g] u/]sf] 5 . zLtnx/af6 lxpFb] afnLdf
cTolws k|efj kg]{ eP klg o;n] slt cGgafnL gi6 kf5{ / To;af6
cy{tGqdf s:tf] c;/ kg]{ u/]sf] 5 eGg] ljifodf xfn;Dd s'g} cWoog
x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f Iflt jf:tljs tYofªs ;d]t pknAw 5}g .
kz'kfng Joj;fo
xKtf};Dd x':;' nfUbf 3/kfn'jf kz'sf] ;d]t x]/rfx ug{ sl7gfO{ pTkGg
F
x'G5 . hf8f]sf sf/0f b'Anf / sdhf]/ zfl//Ls cj:yf ePsf kz' dg{
klg ;S5g . kz'sf nflu Gofgf] uf]7, kf]lifnf] vfg]s/f / tftf] v]n]
'
Vjfpg ;Sg] cj:yf gePsf kl/jf/ jf ;d'bfosf 3/kfn'jf kz' dg]{
;Defjgf x'G5 .
cTolws rL;f]sf] ;fdgf ug{ ufO{j:t'nfO{ klg dflg;nfO{ h:t} tftf] /
kf]if0fo'Qm vfg]s/fsf] cfjZostf k5{ eGg] hfgsf/L clwsf+z dflg;df
'
x'bg . kl/0ffd:j?k zLtnx/ rNg] ;dodf ufOuf]?sf] uf]7, afv|f,
F }
s'v/f, aªu/ cflb kz'sf] vf]/nfO{ af/a]/ u/]/ Gofgf] agfpg] rng
' '
Hofb} sd 5 . To;}n] zLtnx/ rn]sf] ;dodf ;Dk"0f{ hghLjg c:tJo:t

x'g] / ;fdfGo cj:yfdf h:t} 3/kfn'jf kz'sf] plrt x]/rfx x'g g;Sg]
x'bf sltko kz'wgsf] gf]s;fg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . u|fdL0f If]qdf v]tLsf]
F
;xfos Joj;fosf ¿kdf kflng] kz'sf nflu plrt / Gofgf]] uf]7sf]
Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] la/n} dfq b]Vg kfOG5 . w]/h;f] v'nf 7fpFdf uf]7
}
x'g] x'bf klg rL;f] / vfg]s/fsf] cefjaf6 w]/} 3/kfn'jf hgfj/ d5{g .
F '
o;/L s[lifIf]q;Fu cfa4 kz'kfng Joj;fo klg zLtnx/sf] k|lts"n
k|efjaf6 d'Qm /xg ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvFbg .}
snsf/vfgf tyf cGo Joj;fo
zLtnx/ rn]/ rL;f] a9]kl5 dflg;sf] b}lgs hLjgk4ltdf c;/ kg]{
x'bf sfdsf nflu aflx/ lg:sg c;dy{ x'g' c:jefljs xf]Og . sltko
F
cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgdf rL;f]sf] ;fdgfsf nflu Gofgf] jftfj/0f agfpg]
Joj:yf gx'g ;S5 . To; cj:yfdf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/L sfddf
pkl:yt x'g ;Sb}gg . o; cj:yfdf pBf]u, snsf/vfgf tyf Jofkf/–
Joj;fo 7Kk x'g] jf dGb x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 . w]/} rL;f]df pBf]u tyf
sf/vfgfsf d]l;g rnfpg klg sl7g x'G5 . ctM pBf]usf d]l;g rNg
tftf] jftfj/0f agfpg yk cfly{s nufgL a9fpg' kg]{ x'G5 . kl/0ffd:j?k
pTkflbt j:t'sf] nfut a9]/ dxFuLsf] ;Defjgf a9fpF5 . o;/L Pstkm{
pBf]u ;~rfng x'g g;s]/ jf sd rn]/ pTkfbg 365 eg] csf]tkm{ {
pTkflbt j:t'sf] d"No a9]/ gful/s ;dfhn] dxFuLsf] ;fdgf ug'{ kg]{
cj:yf pTkGg x'G5 .

oftfoft If]sf] k|efj
:ynoftfoft
zLtnx/ rn]sf] ;dodf k[YjLsf] ;txb]lv g} afSnf] s'lx/f]n] 9fs]/
glhs}sf] j:t' klg b]Vg g;lsg] cfj:yf pTkGg x'G5 . o; cj:yfdf
/fhdfu{df rNg] nfdf] b"/Lsf ;jf/L;fwg dfq xf]Og ;x/L If]qdf rNg]
5f]6f] b"/Lsf ;jf/L ;fwg klg b3{6gfdf k5{g . o:tf] cj:yfdf
:ynoftfoftsf ;fwg clt sd ultdf rnfpFbf;d]t af6f] b]Vg sl7g
x'G5 . zLtnx/ grNg] t/ afSnf] s'lx/f] nfUg] g]kfnsf cGo If]qdf klg
w]/} oftfoft b'36gf x'g] u/]sf ;dfrf/ k|sfzdf cfpF5g . oBlk,
{
zLtnx/sf] afSnf] s'lx/f] nfu]sf a]nf b'36gfsf] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 .
{

o;af6 hgwgsf] 7"nf] Iflt x'g ;S5 .
xjfOoftfoft
xjfOhxfhsf] p8fg / cjt/0f ug]{ sfo{df zLtnx/n] w]/} ;d:of
pTkGg ub{5 . afSnf] s'lx/f] nfUbf xjfOhxfhsf] p8fg eg{ / cjt/0f
ug{ gldNg] cj:yf cfpF5 . jfo'sf] rfk, jfo'sf] tfkqmd, jfo'df hnjfiksf]
dfqfh:tf hnjfo'sf ultljlwsf sf/0f ;+jbgzLn oftfoft dflgg]
]
xjfO oftfoft klg k|efljt x'G5 . xjfO{ oftfoftdf ptkGg cj/f]wn]
o; ;]jf pbf]un] klg 7"nf] cfly{s Ifltsf] ;fdgf ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .

jftfj/0f cksif{0f
zLtnx/af6 k|efljt x'g] g]kfnsf] t/fO{If]qdf ul/a tyf ljkGg ju{sf]
cTolws a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 . To; If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ ;a} ju{sf
]
kl/jf/n] c;fdfGo rL;f]sf] cj:yf pTkGg xf]nf eg]/ Gofgf] n'uf,
pko'Qm a;f]af; / kf]if0fo'Qm vfgfsf] Joj:yf ldnfPsf x'bgg . PsfPs
F }
zLtnx/ rn]/ rL;f] a9]kl5 u|fdL0f afl;Gbf s[lifpTkfbgaf6 pT;lh{t
3'¥ofg, bfp/f, 6fo/ / cTolws jfo'kbif0f ug]{ Knfl:6s / l;Gy]l6s
| "
kbfy{;d]t afn]/ cfuf] tfKg ljjz x'G5g . o:tf k|bif0fhGo j:t' afn]/
"
cfuf] tfKbf lg:sg] xflgsf/s w"jfF / Uof;sf sf/0f Zjf;k|Zjf;;DaGwL
/f]usf] ;ªqmd0f a95 . zLtnx/n] k|efljt ug]{ jfo'sf] pRrrfkLo If]q
x'g] x'bf of] k|bl" ift w"jfFnfO{ jfo'n] lyr]/ tnlt/} /fVb5 / o;af6 /f]udf
F
j[l4 x'G5 .
zLtnx/ rn]sf] ;dodf jg:kltsf] k|sfz;+zn]if0f k|lqmofdf cj/f]w
ptkGg eP/ jg:kltsf] j[l4b/ jf k'g?Tkfbgdf x|f; cfpF5 . 3fF;sf]
cefj eP/ clwsf+z zfsfxf/L hLj ;ªs6df k5{g . To;sf] k|ToIf jf
ck|ToIf k|efj cGo df+;fxf/L hgfj/df klg k5{ . To;}u/L rL;f]sf]
lg/Gt/tfn] sltko jGohGt'df ;d]t k|lts"n k|efj k/]/ ;du| h}ljs
ljljwtf ;ªs6fkGg x'g] ;defjgf /xG5 .


zLtnx/sf] ;fdgf tyf
Joj:yfkg
zLtnx/ hf8f] dlxgfdf k|fs[lts sf/0faf6 pTkGg x'g] jfojLo k|sf]k
xf] . ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt, jfo'sf] axfa, jfo'sf] rfk, jfo'd08nLo tfkqmdsf]
cj:yf, ljZj jftfj/0fdf eO/x]sf] kl/jt{g tyf hnfjo' kl/jt{gsf]
k|efjsf sf/0f zLtnx/ rNg] ePsfn] o;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ ;fdYo{
dflg;;Fu 5}g tfklg o;sf] k|sf]kaf6 aRg / Iflt Go"g ug{ eg]
;lsG5 . zLtnx/sf] k|sf]kaf6 x'g] Iflt Go"gLs/0f ug{ ljz]if rgfvf]
;fy sfd u/]df o;n] k'¥ofO/x]sf] Ifltdf w]/} xb;Dd sd u/pg
;lsG5 . o;sf nflu k"jtof/L ug'{ k5{ eg] zLtnx/ rn]sf] ;dodf
{
s]xL zts{tf ckgfpg' k5{ .

k"jtof/L
{
zLtnx/ rNg] ;do cufj} o;af6 aRg s]–s:tf tof/L ug'kb{5 eg]/ {
hfgsf/L lnO{ c;fdfGo rL;f]af6 aRg / Iflt Go"gLs/0f ug{
cfjZostfcg';f/ aGbf]a:t ldnfpg' g} o;af6 aRg] pQd pkfo xf] .
x/]s jif{sf] dªl;/sf] clgtd ;ftfaf6 k|f/de x'g] o; k|sf]kaf6 aRg
a]ndf Gofgf] n'ufsf] aGbf]a:t ug'{ k5{ . o;sf cltl/Qm cfkmgf] 3/–
}
sf]7f tftf] agfpg] aGbf]a:t ug'{ k5{ . o;/L 3/–sf]7f tftf] agfpg]
Joj:yf ubf{ sd k|b"if0f gx'g] OGwgsf] k|of]u ug'{ jftfj/0fLo /
hg:jf:Yosf b[li6n] klg /fd|f] x'G5 . hf8f]df cfuf] tfKg] nIon] Knfl:6s,
6fo/, l;Gy]l6ssf] k|of]u ePsf j:t' afNg' /fd|f] x'bg . zLtnx/ rNg'eGbf
F }
klxn] g} ;fdfGo bfp/fsf] agbf]a:t ug],{ ;f}opmhf{ tyf ljB'tLo
{
pmhf{sf] aGbf]j:t ug'{ k5{ . zLtnx/af6 aRg / kl/jf/ tyf 5/l5d]sf
;b:onfO{ arfpg lgDcg';f/sf] k"jtof/L ug'{ k5{ M
{
zLtnx/sf af/]df hfgsf/L lng] / 5/l5d]sdf ;d]t o;sf]
k|efj tyf aRg] pkfosf af/]df cfjZos hfgsf/L lbO{ hgr]tgf
a9fpg] .

zltnx/ rNg'eGbf cufj} Gofgf] sk8fsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
tftf]sf] Joj:yf ug{ w]/} k|bif0f gug]{ OGwgsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
"
3/nfO{ /fd|/L af/a]/ u/]/ rL;f] xfjf l;w} leq k:g g;Sg]
agfpg] .
kf]lifnf] vfBfGg, vf;u/L u]8fu'8L / k|fl] 6go'Qm vfBj:t'sf] aGbf]j:t
ug]{ .
ufO{a:t' tyf 3/kfn'jf kz'sf] uf]7 / vf]/ rL;f] l;/]6f] l;w} l5g{
g;Sg]u/L /fd|/L af/a]/ ug]{ .
gi6 x'g ;Sg] t/sf/L / cgo afnLnfO{ 5f]k/ ;'/lIft /fVg
]
Knfl:6s, ;'ssf] k/fn jf ;f]Q/sf] aGbf]a:t ldnfO/fVg] .
]

zLtnx/ rn]sf] cj:yfdf
dfgjLo ;'/Iff
zLtnx/ rn]sf] ;dodf rL;f]af6 aRg zts{tf;fy sfd ug'{ k5{ . o;
k|sf]kaf6 sdhf]/ jf ue{jtL tyf ;'ts]/L dlxnf, afnaflnsf, a"9fa"9L,
czQm / lj/fdL a9L k|efljt x'g5g . To:tf sdhf]/ ;b:osf] ;'/Iff
ub}{ cfkmg} klg ;'/Iffsf nflu lgDgs'/fdf Wofg lbg' k5{ M
zLtnx/ rNbf 3/sf] 5tdf /flvPsf] 6ofªsLsf] kfgL Hofb} rL;f]
x'G5 . To;/L rL;f] ePsf] kfgLn] g'xfpFbf s;}–s;}sf] :gfo'k0ffnLdf
|
c;/ kg{ uO{ d[To';d]t x'g ;S5 . To;}n] ztnx/ rn]sf] jf
rL;f] w]/} a9]sf] ;dodf tftf] kfgLn] g'xfpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'
k5{ . 6ofªsLdf hDdf ePsf] kfgLsf] t'ngfdf e"ldut kfgL
ck]Iffs[t tftf] x'G5 . To;}n] kfgL ttfP/ g'xfpg g;lsg] ePdf
6oaj]naf6 kfgL tfg]/ g'xfpg ;lsG5 . t/ ue{jtL jf ;'Ts]/L
'
dlxnf, la/fdL, a"9fa"9L, afnaflnsfnfO{ kfgL ttfP/} g'xfpg
nufpg' k5{ .
w]/} rL;f] a9]sf] cj:yfdf z/L/nfO{ tftf] agfpg] u/d jf Gofgf]
x'g] sk8f nufpg' k5{ . To;sf ;fy} tftf] kfgL, u]8fu'8Lsf]
emf]n, tfultnf] vfg]s/f k|z:t dfqfdf vfg' / lkpg' k5{ .
'
w]/} rL;f] ;xg ug{ ug{ g;Sg] sdhf]/ dflg; zLtnx/sf] rL;f]n]

a]xf]; x'g] jf s7ofªlu|P/ dg]{ ;d]t ;Defjgf /xG5 . To:tf
dflg;nfO{ Gofgf] n'uf nufOlbO{ tftf] emf]nkbfy{ lkpg lbg], cfuf]
afn]/ Gofgf] ttfpg] / z/L/df t]n dfln; ul/lbP/ ;'/lIft /fVg
;lsG5 . cfGtl/s jf 3/fo;L k|of;af6 lj/fdLnfO{ nfe gk'udf ]
pkrf/sf nflu tTsfn} :jf:Yorf}sL tyf c:ktfn n}hfg' k5{ .
z/L/df t]n nufpgfn] rL;f] ufl8g] jf leq k;]/ s7ofªlu|g]
hf]lvd lgoGq0f x'G5 . To;}n] ;'ts]/L jf ue{jtL dlxnf, sdhf]/,
czQm, afnaflnsf / a"9fa"9L;lxt tGb'?:t dflg;n] klg z/L/df
t]n dfln; ug'{ >]o:s/ x'G5 . t]nn] z/L/sf] tfkqmd l:y/ /fVg]
tyf rL;f] leq k:gaf6 lgoGq0f u5{ .
rL;f]n] s]6fs]6L, /f]uL, ue{jtL dlxnf / zf/Ll/s ¿kn] sdhf]/
dflg;nfO{ l56} / cTolws xflg ug]{ x'bf ltgLx¿sf] x]/rfxdf
F
ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofpg' k5{ .
3/kfn'jf hgfj/sf] x]/rfx
zLtnx/sf] k|efjaf6 3/kfn'jf hgfj/ klg hf]lvddf /x]sf x'G5g .
t/fO{sf] xfjfkfgL pi0fk|bzLo hnjfo'h:t} x'g] ePsfn] To; If]qdf
]
kflnPsf kz'n] w]/} rL;f] ;xg ug{ ;Sb}gg . To;}n] zLtnx/ nfu]sf]
;dodf tftf] hnjfo'df x'sg] hftsf ufO{, e};L, uf]?, afv|f, s'v/f /
{ F '
aªu/h:tf 3/kfn'jf hgfj/ klg dg]{ ;Defjgf /xG5 . To;af6 u|fdL0f
'
s[ifsn] yk cfly{s Ifltsf] ;fdgf ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .
o:tf] gf]S;fgLaf6 aRg ;dod} ufO{a:t'sf] uf]7 tyf vf]/nfO{ :ofpnf,
k/fn, ux'sf] 5jfnL, ds}sf] 9f]8 cflbn] /fd|f;u af/a]/ u/]/ uf]7 /
F ] F
vf]/sf] ;'/Iff ug'{ k5{ . zLtnx/ rn]sf] ;dodf kz'nfO{ k/fn, kf]if0fo'Qm
bfgf, tftf] vf]n] jf g'gkfgL v'jfpg' k5{ . zLtnx/sf ;dodf hldg
klg rL;f] x'g] ePsfn] uf]7 / vf]/df k/fn, e"; jf s[lif3'¥ofgsf] ;f]Q/
cf]5ofpg' k5{ eg] lgoldt ¿kdf esf/f] ;f]// uf]7 / vf]/nfO{ ;kmf
]
/fVg' k5{ .
cGgafnLsf] ;+/If0f
zLtnx/ rn]sf] ;dodf ;"o{sf] k|sfz hldg;Dd cfpg ;Sb}g .
o;af6 af]6la?jfsf] k|sfz;+Zn]if0f k|lqmof cj?4 x'G5 . o;sf cltl/Qm

sdnf] kft ePsf gub]afnL / t/sf/Lsf la?jfn] cTolw rL;f] ;xg
ug{ ;Sb}gg . rL;f]n] kft v'Olng], lhªlu|ªu kg]{ / h/f;d]t s'lxP/

dg]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . ljz]ifu/L cfn' / tf]/Lsf] pTkfbg () k|ltzteGbf
w]/} x|f; cfPsf] kfOG5 . cGo t/sf/L / ux'sf] pTkfbgdf klg %) b]lv
F
*) k|ltzt x|f; cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . o;/L pTkfbg 36g] qmdnfO{ k"0f{
?kdf lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf sd eP klg zLtnx/af6 x'g]
cGgafnLsf] IfltnfO{ w]/} xb;Dd Go"g ug{ eg] ;lsG5 . o;sf lgldQ
lgDg ljifodf Wofg lbg' h?/L x'G5 M
cfn', tf]/L / rL;f] ;xg g;Sg] hftsf t/sf/LnfO{ t/sf/LnfO{
xn'sf Knfl:6sn] 5f]Kg]
;Dej eP;Dd zLtnx/sf] x':;'nfO{ aflx/} /f]Sg xl/tu[x agfpg] .
o:tf] 3/ agfpFbf ufOa:t'sf] uf]7h:tf] agfP/ dfly / jl/kl/af6
Knfl:6sn] a]g{' k5{ . o:tf] 3/n] zLtnx/nfO{ leq k:g lbFbg, }
a? 3fd nfluxfn]df tfknfO{ leq k:g lbP/ af]6la?jf x'sgof]Uo {
tfk ;~ro u5{ . o:tf] uf]7nfO{ k/fn, 5jfnL jf cGo s[lif
3'¥ofgn] klg af/a]/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
e/v/} /f]lkPsf] aLpsf] pld|g] IfdtfnfO{ arfpg, ;'ssf] k/fn,
]
ux'sf] 5jfFnL, kftkltªu/h:tf s[lif 3'¥ofgn] 5f]lklbg' k5{ .
F
w]/} 7"nf] If]qdf nufOPsf] afnLsf] ;'/Iffsf nflu s[lif–k|fljlws;Fu
;Nnfx lnP/ rL;f]af6 arfpg] cf}iflw 5g'{ k5{ . ljz]ifu/L tf]/L,
cfn' / t/sf/L v]tLnfO{ zLtnx/af6 arfpg k|of]u x'g] cf}iflw
ahf/df kfpg ;lsG5 . o:tf] cf}iflwsf] u'0f:t/, k|of]usf] ljlw /
;'/Iffsf pkfoaf/] k|fljlws;Fu ;Nnfx lng' h?/L x'G5 .

ljljw ;ts{tf
zLtnx/ rn]sf] ;dodf hldgnfO{ afSnf] s'lx/f]h:tf] x':;'n] 9fs]/
rL;f] l;/]7f] rNg] x'bf glhs}sf] j:t' klg ;lhn} b]Vg ;lsFbg . o;
F }
cj:yfdf /fhdfu{ jf oftfoftsf ;fwg rNg] ;x/L jf u|fdL0f ;8sdf
b'36gfsf];Defjgf k|jn /xG5 . To;}n] oftfoftsf ;fwg rnfpFbf
{
ljz]if xf]l;of/L ckgfpg' k5{ . To;}u/L cfk"m ;8sdf lxF8bf zts{ /xg'

k5{ . afnaflnsf, a"9fa"9L, czQm / lj/fdLnfO{ aflx/ lgl:sg lbg'

x'bg . To;}u/L ue{jtL tyf ;'Ts]/L / aRrfsf] x]/rfxdf ljz]if Wofg
F }
lbg' h?/L x'G5 .

^= pk;+xf/
g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]qdf dªl;/sf] clGtd ;ftf jf k';b]lv df3;Dd
zLtnx/ rN5 . o;sf] k|efjIf]q kfls:tfg, ef/tsf] pQ/L If]q, g]kfn,
aªunfb]z x'b} Dofgdf/sf] ;Ldf;Dd /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ af9L,
F
klx/f], x'/Latf;, cfunfuL, e'Orfnf] /dxfdf/Ln] h:t} 7"nf] Iflt k'¥pg]
F
k|sf]ksf ?kdf lng] ul/Psf] 5}g . t}klg o;n] sd gf]s;fgL ub}g . {
Gofgf] n'uf / kf]lifnf] vfgfsf] cefj em]ln/x]sf ul/a ;d'bfosf] Hofg
g} hfg] / t/fO{df pTkfbg x'g] lxpFb] afnLnfO{ o;n] k|ToIf ¿kdf Iflt
k'¥ofpg] x'bf o;af6 x'g] IfltnfO{ sd cfFSg ldNb}g . s]xL jif{otfaf6
F
zLtnx/nfO{ ;/sf/n] klg k|sf]ksf] >]0fLdf /fv]sf] x'bf o;k|lt ;/sf/sf]
F
;d]t Wofg uPsf] oyfy{nfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{ ;lsFbg . oBlk clwsf+z
}
:yfgLo lgsfon] o;k|lt ;+jbgzLn eP/ rf;f] b]vfpg ;s]sf] kfOFbg .
] }
zLtnx/af6 dflg;sf] 3/af/ jf hldg g} gi6 x'g] xf]Og . o;sf]
k|efjaf6 tTsfn nufOPsf afnLgfnL gi6 ug],{ 3/kfn'jf hgfj/ dg]{
/ czQm, sdhf]/ tyf /f]uL dflg;sf] Hofg hfg] ;Defjgf /xG5 .
zLtnx/n] k|ToIf bL3{sfnLg ;d:of pTkGg gu/] klg ck|ToIf ¿kdf
To;sf] k|efj bL3{sfn;Dd /lx/xG5 . w]/} vr{ nfUg] ePsfn] zLtnx/sf]
k"j;rgf lbg]] /]l8of];f]G8 oGqsf] Joj:yf ;/sf/n] ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .
{ "
o;tkm{, ;/sf/n] Wofg k'¥ofpg' cfjZos 5 . hgwgsf] Iflt ug]{ Ps
k|sf]khGo 36gf ePsfn] o;af6 gful/snfO{ ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ ;/sf/n]
cu|ufdL sbd rfNg' kg]{ b]lvG5 eg] ;d'bfon] klg cfˆgf] :jf:Yo /
v]tLkftLsf] ;'/Iffk|lt rgfvf] x'g' h?/L 5 .


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