Malcolm X disagreed with Martin Luther King Jr.'s philosophy of nonviolence, believing that black Americans needed to confront white racism with force. While MLK feared violence would undermine the civil rights movement, Malcolm X's message resonated more with young urban African Americans. Malcolm X advocated for the separation of black and white Americans as a member of the Nation of Islam. His upbringing, which included the threats against his civil rights activist father and the burning of his family home, led many black Americans to identify with him. After MLK's assassination in 1968, many felt his message of confronting inequality, even through violence if necessary, was more relevant as the promises of the civil rights movement had not improved their lives.
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