Malcolm X was a prominent African American civil rights activist in the 1960s. He advocated for black nationalism and founded several organizations to advance the rights of black people, including the Muslim Mosque Inc. and the Organization of Afro-American Unity. However, he broke away from the Nation of Islam due to philosophical differences with its leader Elijah Muhammad. Malcolm X then converted to Sunni Islam and advocated for pan-Africanism through his international travels to Africa and the Middle East. He was assassinated in 1965 by members of the Nation of Islam while giving a speech in New York.