JFK assassination
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The assassination of President John F. Kennedy took place on November 22, 1963 in Dallas, Texas. As his motorcade was passing through Dealey Plaza, shots rang out and Kennedy was fatally wounded. The Texas School Book Depository building nearby was secured by police and a sniper's nest was found that was later linked to Lee Harvey Oswald. Oswald was arrested as the prime suspect but was then shot and killed by Jack Ruby before he could stand trial.
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JFK assassination
- 1. The Assassination of JFK The assassination of John F. Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States, took place on Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas, at 12:30 p.m. Central Standard Time.
- 2. November 22, 1963 President Kennedy Assassination Facts: JFK was in Dallas, TX on 11/22/63. He was campaigning in the city that day. His motorcade proceeded through the city and he was fatally shot in Dealey Plaza near the end of his motorcade route. His wife, Jacqueline Kennedy and Governor of Texas, John Connally were in the limousine with him.
- 3. Dealey Plaza
- 4. The Texas School Book Depository • When the Presidential limousine turned and passed the Texas School Book Depository and continued down Elm Street, shots were fired at Kennedy. • The Dallas police sealed off the entrances to the Texas School Book Depository as eyewitnesses professed hearing shots coming from that general direction. • Upon investigation of the building a shooting area (now referred to as the snipers nest) was found and later linked to Lee Harvey Oswald The Sniper’s Nest
- 5. LBJ Sworn Into Office Aboard Air Force One, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in as President of the United States. To the left is his wife, and to the right still stunned by what happened is Mrs. Kennedy in her blood stained Chanel suit.
- 6. Lee Harvey Oswald Lee Harvey Oswald was, according to three government investigations, the assassin of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, November 22, 1963. Oswald’s Background: A United States Marine, and CIA asset, who defected to the Soviet Union and later returned. Oswald posed as a Pro-Castro Supporter. Oswald on November 22, 1963: Oswald was arrested on suspicion of killing Dallas police officer J. D. Tippit Oswald becomes a prime Suspect: The police found his Sniper’s Nest as they searched the Lee Harvey Oswald Texas School Book Depository As he was about to be taken to the Dallas County Jail, Oswald was shot and fatally wounded before live television cameras in the basement of Dallas Police Headquarters by Jack Ruby, a mafia member and Dallas nightclub Operator, who said that he had been distraught over the Kennedy assassination. Officer JD Tippit
- 7. Jack Ruby Ruby’s Mug shot Ruby fatally Shooting Oswald Jack Leon Rubenstein, who legally changed his name to Jack Leon Ruby in 1947, was an American nightclub operator in Dallas, Texas was convicted on March 14, 1964, of the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald on November 24, 1963, two days after Oswald was arrested for the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. While in jail, he became ill and died of lung cancer on January 3, 1967.
- 8. Oswald’s Funeral • The cost of the funeral was $710.00. • Buried at Rose Hill Cemetery. • Secret Service was in attendance.
- 9. The President’s Funeral • His final journey was from St. Matthew’s to Arlington Cemetery. • Just as the 1960’s debate changed politics, so did JFK’s funeral as it was watched by millions of Americans on television. • The most famous photo of JFK’s son saluting his casket as he says goodbye to his father one last time. November 25, 1963
- 10. Inside the Assassination Photos Some of you might not like the see these photos, if you choose not to, that is fine. However, these are actual photos of JFK’s autopsy. They might be helpful later on in class.
- 11. "I have a piece of his brain in my hand.” "My God, they have shot his head off." “I want them to see what they have done to my husband.” -All Quotes from Mrs. Kennedy The Assassination
- 13. The Autopsy • Conflicting testimony about the autopsy performed on President Kennedy's body. – Particularly as to when the examination of the president's brain took place. • Who was present and whether or not the photos submitted as evidence are the same as those taken during the examination. (exit wound in the front or back of head?) • However, while the President's autopsy was underway at Bethesda Naval Hospital, federal agents removed the X-rays of the body from custody of the examining doctors. Though the X-rays undoubtedly would have been valuable in determining trajectories of the bullets hitting the President, and thus the shooter's location, they are neither published nor alluded to in the Warren Report.
- 14. The Warren Commission Report The conclusion of the Warren Commission Report on the JFK Assassination was: Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone in the killing of Kennedy and the wounding of Texas Governor John Connally. In the years following the release of its report and 26 investigatory evidence volumes in 1964, the Warren Commission has been frequently criticized for some of its methods, important omissions, and conclusions.
- 15. Single Bullet Theory According to the single-bullet theory, a three-centimeter-long copper- jacketed lead-core 6.5-millimeter rifle bullet fired from the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository passed through President Kennedy’s neck and Governor Connally’s chest and wrist and embedded itself in the Governor’s thigh. Horizontal View From above
- 16. Single Bullet Theory re-enactment • Bullet fired from 6th floor of TSBD entered 5.75” BELOW President Kennedy’s collar and through his neck. • From his neck it passed through Governor Connelly’s chest/right armpit. • From his chest/armpit area, it exited by his nipple and into his RIGHT wrist. • And from his RIGHT wrist, the bullet landed in the Governor’s LEFT thigh. The “Magic Bullet” or Commission Exhibit 399.
- 17. Investigation Reopened United States House of Representatives Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) was established in 1976 to investigate the John F. Kennedy assassination. In its final report in 1979, it concluded that President John F. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald, probably as a result of a conspiracy. The members of this probable conspiracy were not identified.
- 18. HSCA Findings • Oswald fired THREE shots at JFK. Shots 2 and 3 hit him, shot 3 killed him. • Scientific acoustical evidence gives high probability that at least two gunmen fired. • Assassinated as a result of a conspiracy. But they would not say whom. – They did say who was not involved: Soviets, Castro/Anti- Castro groups, Mafia, Secret Service, F.B.I, and C.I.A. were NOT involved in the conspiracy But what about the Grassy Knoll???
- 19. The Grassy Knoll The grassy knoll of Dealey Plaza is a small, sloping hill inside the plaza that became famous following the John F. Kennedy assassination. Of the 104 earwitness reports published by the HCSA Commission and elsewhere, 35 recorded testimony of shots from the direction of the grassy knoll.
- 20. Mannlicher-Carcano Rifle Clockwise from Top Left: Carcano bolt action rifle. The bullets that were taken from JFK during autopsy. A shell casing from the murder weapon.
- 21. Assassination Conspiracy Theories There are many conspiracy theories regarding who was behind the assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963 that arose soon after his death and continue to be promoted today. Some of these include: CIA KGB American Mafia FBI director J. Edgar Hoover Former Vice President Richard Nixon Sitting Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson Cuban president Fidel Castro Anti-Castro Cuban exile groups The Federal Reserve The military-industrial complex Representatives of Big Business or some combination of those entities and individuals Do we have time for all of these? I wish, but for now, you be the judge. I have provided the information of the assassination. You can be the conspiracy theorist! Check them out for yourself!
- 22. Name ___________________________ Exit Slip Date ___________________ Period _________ 1. The assassination of John F. Kennedy, the ________ President of the United States, took place on Friday, November 22, _______, in Dallas, Texas, at 12:30 p.m. Central Standard Time. 2. His motorcade proceeded through the city and he was fatally shot in _________ _________near the end of his motorcade route. His wife, __________ Kennedy and Governor of Texas, John ________were in the limousine with him. 3. Describe the location of the school book depository, in relation to Dealy Plaza…(where is it?) _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 4. When the Presidential limousine turned and passed the Texas School Book ___________ and continued down Elm Street, shots were fired at Kennedy. • The Dallas police sealed off the entrances to the Texas School Book Depository as eyewitnesses professed hearing ________ coming from that general direction. • Upon investigation of the building a shooting area (now referred to as the _________ ________) was found and later linked to Lee Harvey ___________. 5. Aboard Air Force One, Vice President Lyndon B. ____________ is sworn in as President of the United States. To the left is his wife, and to the right still stunned by what happened is Mrs. ____________in her blood stained Chanel suit. 6. Lee Harvey _________ was, according to three government investigations, the assassin of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, November 22, 1963. 7. Oswald’s Background: A United States Marine, and ______ asset, who defected to the Soviet Union and later returned. Oswald posed as a Pro-____________ Supporter in public. 8. Oswald on November 22, 1963: Oswald was arrested on suspicion of killing Dallas police officer _____________ Oswald becomes a prime Suspect: The police found his _________ _________as they searched the Texas School Book Depository. 9. Oswald was ________ and fatally wounded before live television cameras in the basement of Dallas Police Headquarters by _________ _________, a ________ member and Dallas nightclub Operator, who said that he had been distraught over the Kennedy assassination. 10. Conflicting testimony about the autopsy performed on President Kennedy's body. Particularly, as to __________the examination of the president's brain took place. ______ was present and whether or not the photos submitted as evidence are the same as those taken during the examination. (exit wound in the front or back of head?) 11. While the President's autopsy was underway at Bethesda Naval Hospital, federal agents ____________ ___ ______ of the body from custody of the examining doctors. Though the X-rays undoubtedly would have been valuable in determining trajectories of the bullets hitting the President, and thus the shooter's location, they are neither published nor alluded to in the _________ ___________. 12. The conclusion of the __________ Commission Report on the JFK Assassination was that Lee Harvey Oswald ________ _______in the killing of Kennedy and the wounding of Texas ______________ John Connally.
- 23. 13. According to the ________-_________ theory, a three- centimeter-long copper-jacketed lead-core 6.5-millimeter rifle bullet fired from the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository passed through President Kennedy’s ________and Governor Connally’s _______ and ________and embedded itself in the Governor’s _____. 14. Bullet fired from 6th floor of TSBD entered 5.75” ________ President Kennedy’s collar and through his _________ From his neck it passed through Governor Connelly’s chest/right __________From his chest/armpit area, it exited by his nipple and into his. RIGHT _____ And from his RIGHT wrist, the bullet landed in the Governor’s ____________ thigh. 15. United States House of Representatives Select ______________on ____________________ (HSCA) was established in 1976 to investigate the John F. Kennedy assassination. In its final report in 1979, it concluded that President John F. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald, probably as a result of a __________________. The members of this probable conspiracy were not _________________. 16. Oswald fired __________ shots at JFK. Shots 2 and 3 hit him, shot ___ killed him. Scientific _________ evidence gives high probability that at least ______ gunmen fired. Assassinated as a result of a conspiracy. But they would not say whom. – They did say who was not involved: ___________ Castro/Anti-Castro groups, _______, Secret Service, F.B.I, and ______. Were supposedly NOT involved in the conspiracy 17. The _________ _________of Dealey Plaza is a small, sloping hill inside the plaza that became famous following the John F. Kennedy assassination. Of the ___ earwitness reports published by the ___________ Commission and elsewhere, ______ recorded testimony of shots from the direction of the grassy knoll. 18. Clockwise from Top Left: _________ bolt action rifle. The bullets that were taken from JFK during _______. A shell _________ from the murder weapon. 19. There are many conspiracy theories regarding who was behind the assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963 that arose soon after his death and continue to be promoted today. Some of these include: • CIA • KGB • American _________ • FBI director J. Edgar ____________ • Former Vice President Richard __________ • Sitting Vice President Lyndon B__________ • Cuban president Fidel Castro • Anti-Castro Cuban exile groups • The Federal ___________ • The military-____________ complex • Representatives of Big Business • or some combination of those entities and individuals Name _______________________________________ Exit Slip Date __________________ Period _________
Editor's Notes
- It was a cool, drizzly morning in Ft. Worth, Texas where President Kennedy and Mrs. Kennedy who spent the night planned to leave for Dallas following breakfast. As we learned earlier in the unit, JFK was the youngest elected President when he won the 1960 Election. Sadly, JFK would soon be the youngest President to die. November 22, 1963 was another day that will live in infamy in American History. It was the day that the 35th President of the United States, John Fitzgerald Kennedy would be assassinated.
- JFK arrived in at Love Field in Dallas around 11:30am to a crowd of nearly 12,000 people. As you listen, you can hear the 12,000 people cheering for his arrival to reflect how excited the people were for the President to come to Dallas. You can actually here the announcer talk about how each person gets in the limo and who is sitting where.
- On the corner of Houston and Elm streets was a building known as the Texas School Book Depository. It was the home to a private firm that stocked and distributed textbooks for public schools in north Texas and parts of Oklahoma. On the 6th floor is the alleged shooting area, now referred to as the snipers nest. In fact to this day you can watch a live camera that pans back and forth from the window where Lee Harvey Oswald allegedly took the shots. The photo in the lower left is an actual photo from the the evidence that was collected by the Warren Court Commission. More on them later.
- So who exactly was Lee Harvey Oswald? He was born in New Orleans and he never knew who his own father. After he served in the United States Marines, he attempted to renounce his U.S. citizenship, and he then moved to the Soviet Union. He married Marina Prusakova. Finally in 1962, he and his wife returned back to the United States He was a pro-Castro Supporter and was even arrested for unlawful agitation and distribution of literature that was pro-Castro. In October 1963, he moved back to Dallas, and he was even assigned an FBI agent to have him be monitored of suspicious behavior. According to three government investigations, Lee Harvey Oswald was the assassin of JFK. About a month before the assassination Oswald rented a boarding house room under the name of O.H. Lee
- Jack Ruby was a nightclub owner in Dallas, Texas who was so distraught over the assassination of John F. Kennedy that he assassinated Lee Harvey Oswald, less then two days after Oswald killed the President. The murder took place in the basement of the Dallas Police headquarters. There is a newspaper article that is going around with this famous photo of Oswald being shot by nightclub owner Jack Ruby. Also if you look in the back of the “The Torch has been passed” book you can see the two shots just before the killing of Oswald. Also, the Grand Rapids press has an article that says that Ruby was so distraught over the assassination that he cried to his sister, I think it is over the phone, however, it might be in person that he cried to her.
- At Oswald’s funeral secret service was there to monitor. The gravediggers were given a false name about who was actually being buried to keep from the news coming. Although he was a presidential assassin the United States government did everything they could to keep the funeral of Oswald from leaking to the media. Any conspiracy that was thought about by many Americans over the assassination of John F. Kennedy were fueled by the actions of Jack Ruby.
- JFK is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Earlier in the chapter we talked about how the televised debates of 1960 played a major role in changing politics, so did the funeral of JFK. Crowds lined the streets of Washington on November 25, 1963 to pay their final respects for President Kennedy. On the lower right, you can see John F. Kennedy Jr. salute his fathers casket as he passes by. To make matter worse, not only did he lose his dad, but he had to bury his father on the date of his third birthday.
- Established in 1963 by now President Lyndon B. Johnson to investigate the assassination of former president JFK, the Warren Court had a 888-page report that was finished less than a year after the Commission was created. Despite the many theories and the many flimsy evidence that may be depicted throughout the investigation that could result in a conspiracy, the Warren Court concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone in killing of Kennedy and the wounding of Governor Connally, and that Jack Ruby acted along in the murder of Oswald. Gerald R. Ford said that the CIA destroyed or kept from investigators critical secrets connected to the assassination of JFK.
- Let’s get into the biggest theory that is tied with the JFK assassination. The single bullet theory, also known as the magic bullet theory. In this theory, a single bullet caused ALL the wounds to the governor and the non-fatal wounds to the president. It says that a 6.5 millimeter bullet passed through JFK’s neck and Governor Connally’s chest and wrist and embedded itself in the Governor’s thigh. So why is this theory so intriguing? If it is true, it traveled through 15 layers of clothing, 7 layers of skin, 15 inches of tissue, hit a necktie knot, then removed 4 inches of rib and shattered a radius bone. The magic bullet, wait for it, was found on the gurney in the corridor at the Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas after the assassination.
- The United States House of Representatives Select Committee on Assassinations…WOW that’s a long one, was established in 1976 to investigate the murders of JFK and MLK, as well as the shooting of Alabama Governor George Wallace...more on him next unit. When the HSCA concluded it deemed that JFK was “very likely” assassinated as a result of a conspiracy. However, the committee noted that it believed that the conspiracy did not included the governments of the Soviet Union or Cuba. It also said the Mafia was not involved nor Anti-Castro, but it could not rule out individual members of those groups acting together.
- A small sloping hill inside the plaza that was located above and to his right (NORTH WEST) of JFK when he was shot. The HSCA concluded that their was a second gunmen on the grassy knoll. HSCA concluded that a second assassin fired from the knoll but missed. They concluded that it missed due to the lack of physical evidence of an actual bullet. Keep in mind that the HSCA investigation took place almost sixteen years after the crime. So naturally the HSCA agreed with the Warren Commission Report of the single bullet theory.