A step by step program for creating Bohr Diagrams and Electron dot structures. Usefule for Index Cards and Flash cards for chemistry and physical science students Grades 9-12 or freshman college
A step by step program for creating Bohr Diagrams and Electron dot structures. Usefule for Index Cards and Flash cards for chemistry and physical science students Grades 9-12 or freshman college
Electron configuration process and steps. It has the explanation of how quantum numbers are arranged in the periodic table, and how they are used to find the electron configuration of elements. A brief explanation of Aufbau rule, Hund's rule and Pauli's Exclusion principle
Electron configuration process and steps. It has the explanation of how quantum numbers are arranged in the periodic table, and how they are used to find the electron configuration of elements. A brief explanation of Aufbau rule, Hund's rule and Pauli's Exclusion principle
Bohr's Theory is based on an early model of atom where electrons travel round the nucleus in a discrete stable numbers of orbit determined by Quantum conditions. This is an extension of Rutherford Model of atom.
Atomic models are useful because they allow us to picture what is in.docxjaggernaoma
Atomic models are useful because they allow us to picture what is inside of an atom, something we will never be able to actually see. We're going to talk about two models, the Bohr model and the Quantum model. While we know that the Quantum model is the correct way to represent atoms, the Bohr model is still useful for a very basic understanding. Think of it as a stick figure sketch of an atom. The parts are all there, its just not quite filled in all of the way.
Bohr Model
The Bohr model of the atom was developed in 1914 by Niels Bohr. In this model, electrons move around the nucleus in fixed, concentric circles. Picture the planets orbiting the Sun. These circles are called energy levels and electrons must have a specific amount of energy to be in each level. The energy levels closest to the nucleus require the least amount of energy. In order for an electron to move further from the nucleus (or move up an energy level) they must gain energy. If they lose energy they fall down to an energy level closer to the nucleus.
Drawing the Bohr model for an atom gives you valuable information about the atom's valence electrons. The
valence electrons
--
those in the outermost energy leve
l--are the ones that determine the chemical properties of an atom. In order to draw a Bohr model you must first use the periodic table to tell you the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom. For Bohr models we usually draw what the "average" atom for that element looks like and just round the average atomic mass to a whole number and use that for the mass number.
Steps for Drawing a Bohr Model:
1. Count the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons for that atom.
2. Draw the nucleus. Indicate the correct number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
3. Draw energy levels around the nucleus, starting with the energy level closest to the nucleus. Fill up each energy level before moving on to the next.
Each energy level in a Bohr model can only hold a specific number of electrons, as shown in the table below.
Energy Level
Max # of electrons
1
2
2
8
3
18
4
32
For example, here is a Bohr model for the average oxygen atom:
Here is one for phosphorus:
You try drawing one for Magnesium (Mg) and for Boron (B). Count the number of electrons on the outermost energy level to find the number of valence electrons. Check your answers by looking at the handout.
Quantum Model
In 1925 the Quantum model of the atom was developed after it was determined that electrons can behave like a wave and a particle at the same time. In addition, you can't know the precise location of an electron. Instead of traveling in orderly circles around the nucleus, we describe the electrons as existing in a three-dimensional
electron cloud
--a shape surrounding the nucleus. You will learn more about the Quantum model in chemistry.
These are some of the orbital shapes possible in the first two energy levels of an atom.
Draw a Bohr model for elements wi.
Periodic classification of elements 2
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1. Periodic Table
Study Guide
How to Draw Bohr Diagrams
www.middleschoolscience.com 2008
2. Bohr Diagrams
1) Find your element on the periodic table.
2) Determine the number of electrons – it is the
same as the atomic number.
3) This is how many electrons you will draw.
3. Bohr Diagrams
• Find out which period
(row) your element is in.
• Elements in the 1st
period have one energy
level.
• Elements in the 2nd
period have two energy
levels, and so on.
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4. Bohr Diagrams
1) Draw a nucleus with
the element symbol
inside.
2) Carbon is in the 2nd
C period, so it has two
energy levels, or shells.
3) Draw the shells around
the nucleus.
5. Bohr Diagrams
1) Add the electrons.
2) Carbon has 6
electrons.
C 3) The first shell can only
hold 2 electrons.
6. Bohr Diagrams
1) Since you have 2
electrons already
drawn, you need to
add 4 more.
2) These go in the 2nd
C shell.
3) Add one at a time -
starting on the right
side and going counter
clock-wise.
7. Bohr Diagrams
1) Check your work.
2) You should have 6 total
electrons for Carbon.
3) Only two electrons can
fit in the 1st shell.
C 4) The 2nd shell can hold up
to 8 electrons.
5) The 3rd shell can hold 18,
but the elements in the
first few periods only
use 8 electrons.
8. Bohr Diagrams
Try the following elements
on your own:
a) H
b) He
C c)
d)
O
Al
e) Ne
f) K
9. Bohr Diagrams
Try the following elements
on your own:
a) H – 1 electron
b) He
H c)
d)
O
Al
e) Ne
f) K
10. Bohr Diagrams
Try the following elements
on your own:
a) H
b) He - 2 electrons
He c) O
d) Al
e) Ne
f) K
11. Bohr Diagrams
Try the following elements
on your own:
a) H
b) He
O c) O - 8 electrons
d) Al
e) Ne
f) K
12. Bohr Diagrams
Try the following elements
on your own:
a) H
b) He
Al c) O
d) Al - 13 electrons
e) Ne
f) K
13. Bohr Diagrams
Try the following elements
on your own:
a) H
b) He
Ne c) O
d) Al
e) Ne - 10 electrons
f) K
14. Bohr Diagrams
Try the following
elements on your own:
a) H
b) He
K c) O
d) Al
e) Ne
f) K - 19 electrons
15. Bohr Diagrams
End of Study Guide.
You should know how to
draw a Bohr Diagram for
the first 20 elements.