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1. How to read?

2. What is reading?
Reading is a
complex cognitive
process

3. Main reading strategies
Finding main idea
(Skimming)
Identifying supporting
details (Scanning)
Underlining and
highlighting
Asking questions
Making connections
Noting key words
Summarizing
Guessing the
word meaning
from context
Inferring
and
predicting

4. Finding main idea
What is a main idea?
In written or spoken material the big idea or the most important thought
expressed by an author about the topic.
How to recognize the main idea:
1. The significance of its content or the force with which it is expressed
2. Summation of the passage’s content
3. An idea expressed as a well-said, formal-sounding statement and a
complete thought
4. If the passage seems to have only one general point, it includes the main
idea. If it has two or more seemingly equal general point, the relation
between them includes main idea.
Where the main idea state?
The main idea may also be stated in different words and in many location.
 Beginning a Paragraph
 In the middle of the Paragraph
 Ending a Paragraph

5. Identifying supporting details
Supporting details are composed of all the fact and secondary ideas that
an author uses to develop and support the main idea or ideas.
Many of us impose unnecessary limitations on ourselves. We
say, or think, we can’t do something without checking. We
hold ourselves back when we could move ahead. We assume
that certain good occupations are closed to us when they’re
really not closed at all. We think we are not as good as the next
person when we really are.
Main idea: Many of us limit our potential unnecessarily
Supporting details:
• We say we can’t without really knowing
• We hold back
• We think we were not good enough for certain jobs
• We think were not as good as others

6. Underlining and highlighting

7. Why Ask Questions? Ask questions
 What don’t you get?
 What do you get?
 What words don’t you
understand?
 What other questions do
you have?
 What do you wonder
about as you read?
Asking questions helps keep
you focused on the text.
If your mind wanders, you
will not understand. Then you
will be bored.
If you run into problems,
things you just don’t
understand, then you can
check yourself with a
question.

9. Making Connections
Ask Yourself:
What do I already know about this?
Has anything similar ever happened to
me?
How would I feel if this happened to
me?
Can I relate to the characters?
Does this story remind me of something?

10. Infer and Predict
Good readers are like detectives.
They use clues to determine what is happening
in a story.
This is called INFERENCE!
Good readers also make educated guesses
about what may happen later in the story.
They use the author’s hints to PREDICT
what will most likely occur.

11. Noting key words
• Record the main
headings as you read.
Use one or two key
words for each point.
When you don’t want to
mark the text, keep a
folder of notes you
make while reading.
Summarizing
• Summarizing is a tool
for understanding
because it focus on the
necessary and
eliminates the
unnecessary in the
passage.

12. Note taking

13. Steps to create good Summary
1. Eliminate unnecessary material
2. Eliminate material which is important but which is redundant
3. Use a summary word instead of list items (vehicles,
stationery, strategies)
4. Use an encompassing word for a series of action or event
5. If the passage has no topic sentence, create your own

14. Guessing the word meaning
from context
There are 4 main types of context clues:
• Rewording the word.
• Giving its Synonym.
• Giving its Antonym.
• Giving us Details about the word.
When babies are born, they always have blue eyes. This is because the
melanin, the pigment that colors the eyes, is not on the surface of the iris. Instead,
it is within the creases of the iris. Because there is little melanin on the surface of
the iris, the eyes appear blue.
After a few months, the melanin moves to the surface of the iris. It is the
amount of melanin on the surface that determines a person’s permanent eye color,
so it is at this point that a baby’s eyes develop the color they will have for a
lifetime.
1. The word ‘’pigment’’ in line 2 is closest in the meaning to
a. skin b. muscle c. tissue d. color
2. The word ‘’surface’’ in the 2 line 2 is closest in meaning to
a. top b. inside c. back d. bottom
3. The word ‘’permanent’’ in line 6 could best be replaced by
a. changeable b. lasting c. dark d. possible
4. The word ‘’ point’’ in the 7 could best be replaced by which of the
following?
a. Dot b. Era c. Time d. Place

15. THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION