Contain key elements that ease you to further understand what is required for your research proposal. Suitable for University/ College students

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HOW TO PREPARE
A RESEARCH
PROPOSAL
BY KSBA GLOBAL

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Research proposal
Detailed description of
a proposed study
designed to investigate
a given problem

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A research proposal is
intended
To convince others that you have a
worthwhile research project
You have the competence and the
work-plan to complete it
Must address the following questions
regardless of your research area and
the methodology you choose
What you plan to accomplish, why
do you want to do it and how are you
going to do it

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THE ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH
PROPOSAL ARE HIGHLIGHTED BELOW:
5

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Title
It should be concise and
descriptive
It must be informative and
catchy
An effective title not only
prick’s the readers interest,
but also predisposes
him/her favorably towards
the proposal

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Abstract
It is a brief summary of approximately 300 words
It should summarize all the central elements of the
protocol, for example the rationale, objectives,
methods, populations, time frame, and expected
outcomes

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Introduction
The introduction provides the readers with the background
information
Its purpose is to establish a framework for the research, so
that readers can understand how it relates to other research
It should answer the question of why the research needs to
be done and what will be its relevance

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Review of Literature
You do not need to report on
every published study in the
area of your research topic
Choose those studies which
are most relevant and most
important
Not summaries, they are
arguments (that there is a
gap that needs filling; that
you have sound reasons for
believing your hypotheses
are likely to be true

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Review of Literature
1. Your literature review
paper shouldn’t be
yawning
•Reading too much is boring;
reading ‘precise’ is exciting
2. Define the scope for
your literature review
paper
•Often, best literature reviews
aren’t the ones with longest
bibliographies
3. Everyday writing
practice offers a change for
better
•No big deal in messing up with
the first draft, but keep the
momentum
4. Contour your literature
review paper in a style of
its own
5. Focus on the paper
outline to prevent being
lost

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The statement of the
problem
The essential basis for the
construction of a research
proposal (research
objectives, hypotheses,
methodology, work plan and
budget etc)

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Objectives
Research objectives are
the goals to be
achieved by conducting
the research
They may be stated as
‘general’ and ‘specific’

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How should objectives be
stated?
Objectives should be
stated using “action verbs”
that are specific enough to
be measured
• To determine…,
• To compare…,
• To verify…,
• To calculate…,
• To describe…, etc.
Do not use vague non-
action verbs such as:
• To appreciate …
• To understand…
• To believe

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General and Specific
Objectives
General objective
The research is what is to be
accomplished by the research project
Specific objectives
Relate to the specific research
questions the investigator wants to
answer through the proposed study
May be presented as primary and
secondary objectives

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Questions and/or
hypotheses
A hypothesis can be
defined as a tentative
prediction or explanation
of the relationship
between two or more
Unambiguous prediction
of expected outcomes

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Variables
During the planning stage, it is
necessary to identify the key
variables of the study and
their method of measurement
and unit of measurement
must be clearly indicated

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Methodology
The method section is very
important because it tells
your research Committee
how you plan to tackle your
research problem
The guiding principle for
writing the Methods
section is that it should
contain sufficient
information for the reader
to determine whether the
methodology is sound

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Methodology
Overview
of
approach
Data
Collection
Data
Analysis
Interpretation

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Independent variables
Variables that are manipulated
or treated in a study in order
to see what effect differences
in them will have on those
variables proposed as being
dependent on them

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Dependent variables
Variables in which
changes are results of
the level or amount of
the independent
variable or variables

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Questions and/ or
hypotheses
If you as a researcher know
enough to make prediction
concerning what you are
studying, then the hypothesis
may be formulated
A hypothesis can be defined
as a tentative prediction or
explanation of the
relationship between two or
more variables

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Avoid Plagiarism
Plagiarism is presenting
someone else’s ideas or
words as though they
were your own

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THANK YOU