How to write the introduction section of a research paper, a Research paper, or Call for a Paper, Background of the Study, Purpose of the Study, Research Question and Hypothesis, Research Objectives.

1. How to write
Introduction Chapter
Prepared by Syed Muhammad Numan Afzal
Task Assigned by Dr. Sobia Nisar

2. Contents of
Introduction

3. Overview of your topic( What do you want your readers to know
about your topic).
Background of the Study
01
A research problem is a situation that is broken, shows cause and
effects relationships.
Problem Statement
02
Research questions are guide the direction you are heading with
your research.
Research Questions
03
A research objective is a clear, concise and declarative statement.
Research Objectives
04
There are four
Contents

4. Background of the Study
03 Why we should pay attention to your topic,/issue you want to study?
Why there is a need to focus on the topic?
Rationale/ justification of your topic
02 What are the conditions, settings, and situations with respect to your topic?
Content of your topic
01 What is happening now about your issue you want
to study?
General Information about your topic

5. Problem Statement
Concise and precise
A problem statement is a short and precise
sentence.
Cause and effects
It shows the cause and effects relationships
Research problem is not….
A solution, question, opinion , speculation, or a
title.
Research Problem is…..
A situation which is broken, based on
initial observations and evidence.
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6. Research Questions
Need information from sources, shouldn’t be
too broad or not to narrow.
Effective Questions
Research questions should be focused, specific,
complex , analytical and unbiased.
Criteria of Research Questions
Thick research questions deals with big ideas,
changes, different point of views(how and why)
Types of Research Question
What are questions that this research has already
answered, how do the questions relate to each other.
Purpose of the Research Question
1) Choose and interesting general topic, 2) Do some preliminary research, consider your
audience, 3) Start asking your questions, 4) Evaluate your questions.
Question framing techniques
Thin research questions are short in nature,
and include who, what, where and when

7. Research Objectives
 Specific, measureable, attainable
 Realistic, time bound, logical
 Observable, relevant, feasible
 Obtain answers to research
questions, summarizes what to
be achieved.
Characteristics of Research
objectives
It organizes the study, helps in
maintaining focus on the study, avoid
irrelevant data collection.
Why we need research objectives
Research objectives are specific
accomplishments that a researcher hopes to
achieve.
Specific accomplishments
Research objectives are clear and concise in
nature . Focus on the way to measure
variables,
Clear and concise statement

8. THANK YOU