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How to decline a noun
- 1. How to Decline a Noun
- 2. What is she talking about? “To decline a noun” means to add declension endings (like “a”, “ae” “us” etc.) to a noun
- 3. Some Quick Notes… • Nouns are persons, places, things or ideas • Example: puella, villa, puer, mens, nauta, res, etc. • To do this, you need your dictionary and your declension charts
- 4. Let’s look at an example….
- 5. Look up the word for “field” • First look in the English-Latin section • THEN find the word in Latin-English
- 6. WRITE IT DOWN!! • You have to have ALL the things listed in the dictionary in order to find and use the correct declension
- 8. First things first… • The first thing that we have to do is find the right declension for each word. • Remember, there are 5 m/f declensions and 3 neuter declensions
- 9. ager, agrī (m)- field • The first word listed is the nominative singular • “ager”- nominative sing.Declension Chart
- 10. Declension Chart Singular Plural Nominative ager Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative vocative
- 11. ager, agrī (m) field • The second word listed is the genitive singular • “agrī”-genitive singularDeclens ion Chart This is our “GO- TO” word!! This word will tell you the correct declension!
- 12. Declension Chart Singular Plural Nominative ager Genitive agrī Dative Accusative Ablative vocative Into which declension does this chart fit?
- 13. What to do…. • Look at all your declension charts and find the one that fits • Match the nominative singular and genitive singular endings (“r” and “i”) • Also, make sure the gender matches the declension • The “r” and “i” match 2nd declension
- 14. 2nd Declension Chart Singular plural Nominative r/us ī Genitive ī ōrum Dative ō īs Accusative um ōs Ablative ō īs Vocative e ī
- 15. It fits ! So “ager, agrī” is a 2nd declension noun!
- 16. So...to recap… • TO FIND THE DECLENSION OF A WORD: • Look up the word • Write down all the listings • Match the GENITIVE SINGULAR to a declension chart • Check the gender
- 17. So, now that you know the declension, it’s time to add the endings….or as we Romans like to say “decline the noun”
- 18. To add case endings: • Always use the genitive form • Remember-the genitive is the second word listed (ager, agri)
- 19. Form the genitive stem • Go to the 2nd word listed-the genitive singular ending • ager, agrī •Remove the genitive ending agrī
- 20. Make the genitive stem • Remove the genitive ending •Agrī Now add your 2nd declension case endings……
- 21. REMEMBER: •You don’t have to form the nominative singular-it’s already given to you
- 22. ager, agrī (m)- field • The first word listed is the nominative singular • “ager”- nominative sing.Declension Chart
- 23. And…. •You already have the genitive singular! •So just fill those in…
- 24. 2nd Declension Chart Case Singular Plural Nominative ager Genitive agrī Dative Accusative Ablative
- 25. Now put your genitive stem in the remaining squares……
- 26. 2nd Declension Chart Case Singular Plural Nominative ager agr__ Genitive agrī agr___ Dative agr__ agr___ Accusative agr__ agr___ Ablative agr__ agr___ Vocative ager agr__
- 27. 2nd Declension Chart Singular plural Nominative r/us i Genitive i orum Dative o is Accusative um os Ablative o is Vocative e i Now, add the rest of the 2nd declension endings to your genitive stem…..
- 28. 2nd Declension Chart Case Singular Plural Nominative ager agrī Genitive agri agrōrum Dative agrō agrīs Accusative agrum agrōs Ablative agrō agrīs
- 29. Nota Bene…. • Sometimes, when you find a word in the dictionary, it will list the nominative, but then it has a “-” and an ending • EXAMPLE: – puella, -ae (f) girl • This is just telling you that the nominative and genitive look the same • For these, just pull off the nominative ending and that’s your stem • puell____
- 30. Now, you try one… •Girl •Look it up! •Write it down! •puella, -ae (f)
- 31. Remember….. 1. Find the right declension 2. Form the genitive stem 3. Add the correct endings
- 32. “girl” Declension Chart Case Singular Plural Nominative puella puellae Genitive puellae puellārum Dative puellae puellīs Accusative puellam puellās Ablative puellā puellīs Vocative puella puellae
- 33. Now, you try … •slave
- 34. Remember….. 1. Find the right declension 2. Form the genitive stem 3. Add the correct endings
- 35. “servus, servī” Declension Chart Case Singular Plural Nominative servus servī Genitive servī servōrum Dative servō servis Accusative servum servōs Ablative servō servīs Vocative serve servī
- 36. Now, you try … •mother
- 37. Remember….. 1. Find the right declension 2. Form the genitive stem 3. Add the correct endings
- 38. “mater, matris”-Declension Chart Case Singular Plural Nominative mater matrēs Genitive matris matrum Dative matrī matribus Accusative matrem matrēs Ablative matre matribus Vocative mater matrēs
- 39. Now, you try … •man
- 40. Remember….. 1. Find the right declension 2. Form the genitive stem 3. Add the correct endings
- 41. “vir, virī” Declension Chart Case Singular Plural Nominative vir virī Genitive virī virōrum Dative virō virīs Accusative virum virōs Ablative virō virīs Vocative vir virī