The document discusses various ways to curb corruption. It outlines different types of corruption like petty, political, and systemic corruption. It then discusses the effects of corruption like loss of money to the exchequer, unhealthy business climate, and denial of opportunities to merited people. The document recommends measures like strong leadership with integrity, credibility of anti-corruption efforts, public involvement, responsible press, improved institutions, and oversight bodies to effectively curb corruption. It also discusses the Jan Lokpal bill aimed at deterring corruption and protecting whistleblowers.

1. How To Curb Corruption
BY:- NISHANT CHHABRA
10TXCH30

2. Corruption
 Corruption is spiritual or moral impurity or
deviation from an ideal. Corruption may include
many activities
including bribery and embezzlement.

3. Types of Corruption
 Petty corruption
Example: the exchange of small improper gifts or
use of personal connections to obtain favors.
 Political corruption
Corruption occurring at the highest levels of
government in a way that requires significant
subversion of the political, legal and economic
systems.
 Systemic corruption
Occurs due to the weaknesses of an
organization or process. It can be contrasted with
individual officials or agents who act corruptly
within the system.

4. Methods of Corruption
 Bribery
 Embezzlement, Theft and Fraud
 Blackmail and Extortion
 Abuse of Discretion
 Favouritism
 Improper political contributions

5. Effects
 The chief economic consequences of corruption
are the loss to the exchequer.
 Creates unhealthy climate for investment and an
increase in the cost of government-subsidized
services.
 The TI India study estimates the monetary value
of petty corruption in 11 basic services provided
by the government, like education, healthcare,
judiciary, police, etc….., to be around
Rs.21,068 cr…..

6. …continued
 Merited but poor people are denied
 Selection of unfit people
 No hope for educated poor
 Widens the Rich-Poor gap
 Corrupted people degrades self and society
 Honest people are not respected by the society.
 Black money remains useless for himself or the
society
 No true happiness in corrupted society
 Total degradation of the whole people in the society.

7. Transparency International
Rank of India among 176 countries is 94
acc to 2012 survey.

8. Measures to Curb Corruption
 Leadership
 Credibility
 Involving people
 Responsible press
 Oversight bodies
 Improved Institutions

9. Leadership
 For proper house cleaning and repairs, it is a
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good idea to begin by fixing the roof.
Top leadership must set a good example with
respect to honesty, integrity and capacity for hard
work.
leadership must also display firmness, political
will and commitment to carry out the required
reforms.
But honest and dedicated leaders are a
necessary, but not a sufficient, condition to
counter corruption.
Several other conditions need to be satisfied.

10. Credibility
 For success, the offenders both on the demand
and supply side of a corrupt deal must be
convinced that the government is serious about
fighting corruption.
 One suggestion towards this end is to “fry some
big fish”, that is to publicly try and punish some
well-known corrupt people in the country.
 However, since allegations of corruption are often
used to discredit political opponents, the
suggestion is further made that the fish that is
fried should preferably be from your own pond.

11. Involving people
 A publicity campaign to create greater awareness
on the adverse effects of corruption.
 Ordinary citizens they are a good source of
information and their help and cooperation should
be solicited for the successful launch of an anticorruption drive.
 People are to be convinced that a sincere and
genuine effort to combat corruption is underway.
 Opening up and providing opportunities for them
to express their views on the matter will help a lot.

12. Responsible Press
 A responsible press to gather, analyse, organize,
present and disseminate information is
considered vital to create greater public
awareness and to provide the momentum for
undertaking reforms to overcome corruption.
 Secretiveness has been a key factor that has
enabled public officials and politicians to get away
with corruption.
 A responsible and an investigative press has
played an important role in many countries.
 The press has not always acted in a responsible
manner,but its power to limit misconduct and
improper behaviour should not be
underestimated.

13. Improving institutions
 It involves such things as improving the legal
framework; smoother, less time-consuming and
less burdensome ways to conduct business in the
functioning of law courts and in the administration
of justice; promoting efficiency of the police force;
strengthening the auditor general’s office; and
appointment of a responsible inspector general
empowered to investigate and prosecute
corruption.

14. Oversight bodies
 Views on the effectiveness of anti-corruption
oversight or watchdog bodies are mixed.
 For such bodies to be effective, they have to be
created in a political atmosphere where leaders
are honest, civil servants are insulated from
political interference, and better incentives are
provided to discourage corruption.
 Otherwise, the oversight bodies will be rendered
useless or worse, misused for political gain.
 An unwelcome situation can then arise and the
country may have to appoint a watchdog to watch
over the watchdog body.

15. Jan Lokpal Bill
 The Jan Lokpal Bill is an anti-corruption bill
drafted and drawn up seeking the appointment of
a Jan Lokpal, an independent body to
investigate corruption cases.
 This bill also proposes improvements to the
Lokpal and Lokayukta Bill 2011.
 The Jan Lokpal Bill aims to effectively deter
corruption, compensate citizen grievances, and
protect whistle-blowers.

16. Features of the proposed bill
 Anti-corruption institution called Lokpal
 The Lokpal will be supervised by the Cabinet Secretary
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and the Election Commission.
Members will be appointed by judges.
The video recordings of the interviews will be made public.
Website for Lokayukta.
Investigations of cases.
Losses to the government by a corrupt individual will be
recovered at the time of conviction.
Financial penalties on those responsible.
Complaints against any officer of Lokpal .
The existing anti-corruption agencies will be merged into
Lokpal.
Protection for Whistle-blowers.

17. Some other ways to Curb Corruption
Ways suggested by Dr.Ram Manohar
Lohiya,National Law
University,Lucknow
 Education
 Changing government process
 Direct contact between government and
governed
 Revision of Prevention of corruption act,1988
 Transparency and Professional accountability
 No. of courts should be increased.
 Interactions between law enforcement agencies
and citizens should be on camera.

18. Conclusion
 Measures against corruption must therefore
address these underlying causes and not the
symptoms.
 Undertaking reforms (both economic and political)
by reducing institutional weaknesses offers the
best hope to overcome corruption.
 Corruption will not disappear because of reforms.
But reforms will bring it under control and
minimize its adverse consequences so that the
country can proceed with its efforts to become a
modern, developed nation with a good chance of
attaining that goal.