This article talks about the available IoT embedded antenna options and influencing factors analysis. How to choose an embedded antenna for IoT applications?
IoT projects rely on wireless connectivity, and the signal of the wireless connection depends on the chip itself as well as the antenna.
Wi-Fi is the preferred choice for portable devices or IP cameras, while industrial applications (such as remote monitoring, smart meters, smart buildings, smart cities, manufacturing automation, smart agriculture, and tracking) are more likely to use LPWAN networks such as NB-IoT, LoRa, SigFox, ISM or cellular networks. Each of these types of networks has a wide variety of embedded antennas.
This article will discuss the embedded antenna options available and some of the factors that influence selection.
After reading, you will learn what is an IoT antenna, what are the IoT antenna types.
What is an IoT antenna?
The Internet of Things/IoT antenna is used in communication media that is connected to each other, IoT antenna is one of the two core components of the Internet of Things communications.
The first one is the wireless module, the second one is the IoT antenna, the two components directly determine the quality of the communication network, such as the distance from the communication, the net network is fast, the network is stable, and the network is stable.
Internet of Things (IoT) devices need to have an antenna. The smaller the IoT device space, the more the frequency band and the more complex IoT antenna design. Internet of Things/IoT antenna includes NB-IoT antenna, 4G antenna, 5G antenna, GSM antenna, Lora antenna, GPRS antenna, UMTS antenna, Lora antenna, ISM antenna, GNSS antenna, WiFi antenna, GPS antenna, etc.
What is an internal antenna?
What is an external antenna?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, What are the difference features?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, What are the advantages and disadvantages of the internal and external antenna?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, What are the differences between them?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna in wireless transceiver modules, What are the main antennas used?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, Which signal is better?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna router
Internal antenna vs. external antenna technical requirements
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, how to choose the suitable antenna?
This article introduces the design of the antenna and recommends two tested low-cost PCB antennas. These PCB antennas can be used with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) solutions. For the best performance, BLE and BLE 2.4GHz radio frequencies must be correctly matched to their antennas.
Wifi antenna requirements for PCB layout and structure - C&T RF Antennas IncAntenna Manufacturer Coco
The internal antennas are often used in several forms, in the form of shrapnel and chip patch antennas and FPC antennas. The form of the patch antenna is of a uniform size, has a fixed size, and the position and size of the pad are fixed according to the specific specifications of the antenna. In addition, according to the specific model of the antenna, there are related design guidelines for the clearance around the antenna and the recommendations for the size of the device.
802.11n and 802.11ac wi fi antenna options for cisco indoor&outdoor a psIT Tech
Access point type, building design and materials, and client location affect how your Wi-Fi network performs. Get the highest data rates from your Wi-Fi access points by selecting the right Cisco antenna for each situation.
According to the definition of the industry, an antenna is a transducer that transforms a guided wave propagating on a transmission line into an electromagnetic wave propagating in an unbounded medium (usually free space), or vice versa, ie transmitting or receiving. Electromagnetic waves. Popularly speaking, whether it is a base station or a mobile terminal, the antenna acts as a middleware for transmitting signals and receiving signals.
After reading, you will learn what is an IoT antenna, what are the IoT antenna types.
What is an IoT antenna?
The Internet of Things/IoT antenna is used in communication media that is connected to each other, IoT antenna is one of the two core components of the Internet of Things communications.
The first one is the wireless module, the second one is the IoT antenna, the two components directly determine the quality of the communication network, such as the distance from the communication, the net network is fast, the network is stable, and the network is stable.
Internet of Things (IoT) devices need to have an antenna. The smaller the IoT device space, the more the frequency band and the more complex IoT antenna design. Internet of Things/IoT antenna includes NB-IoT antenna, 4G antenna, 5G antenna, GSM antenna, Lora antenna, GPRS antenna, UMTS antenna, Lora antenna, ISM antenna, GNSS antenna, WiFi antenna, GPS antenna, etc.
What is an internal antenna?
What is an external antenna?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, What are the difference features?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, What are the advantages and disadvantages of the internal and external antenna?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, What are the differences between them?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna in wireless transceiver modules, What are the main antennas used?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, Which signal is better?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna router
Internal antenna vs. external antenna technical requirements
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, how to choose the suitable antenna?
This article introduces the design of the antenna and recommends two tested low-cost PCB antennas. These PCB antennas can be used with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) solutions. For the best performance, BLE and BLE 2.4GHz radio frequencies must be correctly matched to their antennas.
Wifi antenna requirements for PCB layout and structure - C&T RF Antennas IncAntenna Manufacturer Coco
The internal antennas are often used in several forms, in the form of shrapnel and chip patch antennas and FPC antennas. The form of the patch antenna is of a uniform size, has a fixed size, and the position and size of the pad are fixed according to the specific specifications of the antenna. In addition, according to the specific model of the antenna, there are related design guidelines for the clearance around the antenna and the recommendations for the size of the device.
802.11n and 802.11ac wi fi antenna options for cisco indoor&outdoor a psIT Tech
Access point type, building design and materials, and client location affect how your Wi-Fi network performs. Get the highest data rates from your Wi-Fi access points by selecting the right Cisco antenna for each situation.
According to the definition of the industry, an antenna is a transducer that transforms a guided wave propagating on a transmission line into an electromagnetic wave propagating in an unbounded medium (usually free space), or vice versa, ie transmitting or receiving. Electromagnetic waves. Popularly speaking, whether it is a base station or a mobile terminal, the antenna acts as a middleware for transmitting signals and receiving signals.
Built-in and external antenna and built-in antenna technical requirements--C&...Antenna Manufacturer Coco
The antenna is divided into built-in and external, external use of the main spiral or PCB, the helical antenna is generally better than the general bandwidth, PCB antenna is easier to adjust the frequency easy to design, but Ericsson has two important patents, so very few in the European and American markets Other manufacturers use. There is also a false built-in antenna, in fact, is a built-in external antenna, the performance is relatively poor, generally not recommended.
Over the past two decades, we have witnessed the shift in mobile communications from 1G to 4G LTE. During this period, the key technologies of communication are changing, and the amount of information processed has multiplied. The antenna is an indispensable component to achieve this leapfrog.
Developing an actual very high frequency antenna using genetic algorithmseSAT Journals
Abstract Antenna for the 88-108MHz Very high frequency (VHF) broadcast audio frequency-modulation (FM) band. The antenna is intended tofit in the flat area inside the head-band of an over ear hearing-protector headset. The space for the antenna is limited by an existing head-band design, where the unused internal area is the space studied in this thesis. A genetic algorithm is described for the multiple objective optimization of the antenna matching and radiation pattern optimization. The results of multiple genetic algorithm evaluations are described, and possible further improvements outlined. Progress is made on the development of the antenna. The antenna radiation pattern is evolved in desirable way, but a difficulty in solving the antenna matching problem is identified. Research for resolving the antenna matching problem is described in this paper Keywords: Antenna, Modulation, Genetic Algorithm, Frequency, Head-Band, Very High Frequency Broadcast.
Flexible Antennadesign for Wave Applicationsijtsrd
In this paper, a three dimensional compact antenna is designed for the automotive industry is proposed. The Antenna is designed by using the flexible substrate that can fix on the top layer of the car. The antenna can be easily fabricated from a printed circuit board and a metal sheet with low cost process and materials polyimide .It helps us to cover the Long Term Evolution LTE and WAVE guidelines, just as with different administrations, for example, GPS, car to car C2C AND remote keyless entry RKE . The structure is design for reduced incorporated flexible reception antenna arrangement with adjusted planar monopole is proposed to cover the Wireless Access Vehicular Environment WAVE band 5.9 GHz concerning vehicular applications. Jayenth S | Shanthosh S | Dr. Kanthimathi N "Flexible Antennadesign for Wave Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30510.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/30510/flexible-antennadesign-for-wave-applications/jayenth-s
What is Passive IoT Technology?
Passive IoT, as the name implies, is the IoT without a source.
The source is the power and energy source. We often talk about the passive optical network (PON), and passive wavelength division (WDM), all involving passive.
Passive is not connected to an external power supply, without batteries. Passive IoT, is not the network passive, but the end node passive.
In other words, the network does not change, and the end-node devices are connected to the network, without power lines and built-in batteries.
In fact, the so-called passive, not the end node does not use electricity, but a different way to get electricity (energy).
The passive IoT technology that is now hotly debated is mainly the IoT based on wireless magnetic energy capture technology.
In other words, passive IoT technology refers to the IoT technology where the IoT terminal captures and collects energy by collecting radio waves emitted from the network side.
Regarding the performance of active vs passive GPS antenna, both GPS passive antennas and active GPS antennas can receive GPS signals and achieve the satellite positioning function. But usually, the GPS active antenna is better than the passive GPS antenna, and the positioning speed active vs passive GPS antenna is faster.
GPS is to receive satellite signals for positioning and wayfinding navigation, and the reception of satellite signals must be used antennas. And GPS positioning accuracy and the stability of the satellite signal are placed with the antenna, and the internal craft will affect the effect of the navigator to receive satellite signals.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Narrow Band Internet of Things concept and role
Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is an important branch of the Internet of Everything, also known as Narrowband-IoT.
Built on cellular networks, likes Lora, is one of the technologies of Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN), Narrow Band Internet of Things supports long standby times, consumes only about 180kHz of bandwidth, and can be deployed directly on GSM networks, UMTS networks, or LTE networks to reduce deployment costs and enable smooth upgrades.
Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) requires efficient connectivity for high network connectivity devices. Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) devices can increase battery life by at least 10 years, while also providing very comprehensive coverage of indoor cellular data connections.
To design a complete antenna, first, you must understand the electrical knowledge related to the antenna, and secondly, you must understand the simulation tools and methods. Electromagnetic simulation is not omnipotent in antenna design, but it is impossible without electromagnetic simulation. One of the most commonly used tools is Ansys HFSS.
Frequency reconfigurable monopole antenna with harmonic suppression for IoT a...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This work proposes a new reconfigurable printed monopole antenna for IoT devices working with the promising wireless technology Wi-Fi 6. Based on effective resonant length value, the antenna has the ability to reconfigure its operating band between 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz ISM bands. Therefore, the designed antenna works as an RF band-pass filter which reduces receiver complexity and supports network scalability. One PIN diode with complete biasing circuit is integrated to the antenna radiator to obtain re-configurability. Furthermore, two stubs are added to the antenna structure in order to suppress harmonic component which appears near to the higher band (5 GHz) when antenna forced to work at the lower band (2.4 GHz). The design built over commercially available FR-4 substrate with a compact size of (33.5x16x1.6) mm3. CST software is used to simulate antenna performance in terms of flection coefficient, radiation pattern, efficiency, and gain.
What are drone anti-jamming systems?
The drone anti-jamming systems and anti-spoof technology protect against interference, jamming, and spoofing of the UAVs.
To protect their security, countries are beginning to research drone anti-jamming systems, also known as drone strike weapons. The anti-jam and anti-spoof technology protects against interference, jamming and spoofing. A drone strike weapon is a drone attack weapon that can attack and destroy enemy drones.
So what is so unique about this amazing system?
LPWA - Low power wide area, short for low power wide area technology, using lower power consumption to achieve long-distance wireless signal transmission.
Compared with the familiar low-power Bluetooth (BLE), Zigbee and Wifi technologies, LPWA has a much longer transmission distance, generally at the kilometre level, and its link budget (link budget) can reach 160dBm, while BLE and Zigbee are generally below 100dBm.
Compared with traditional cellular network technologies (2G, 3G), LPWA has lower power consumption, and battery-powered devices can last for several years. Based on these two distinctive features, LPWA can truly enable the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution.
LPWAN - Low power wide area network, i.e. a wireless connection network built with LPWA technology, LPWAN can be connected in various forms.
More Related Content
Similar to How To Choose An Embedded Antenna For IoT.pdf
Built-in and external antenna and built-in antenna technical requirements--C&...Antenna Manufacturer Coco
The antenna is divided into built-in and external, external use of the main spiral or PCB, the helical antenna is generally better than the general bandwidth, PCB antenna is easier to adjust the frequency easy to design, but Ericsson has two important patents, so very few in the European and American markets Other manufacturers use. There is also a false built-in antenna, in fact, is a built-in external antenna, the performance is relatively poor, generally not recommended.
Over the past two decades, we have witnessed the shift in mobile communications from 1G to 4G LTE. During this period, the key technologies of communication are changing, and the amount of information processed has multiplied. The antenna is an indispensable component to achieve this leapfrog.
Developing an actual very high frequency antenna using genetic algorithmseSAT Journals
Abstract Antenna for the 88-108MHz Very high frequency (VHF) broadcast audio frequency-modulation (FM) band. The antenna is intended tofit in the flat area inside the head-band of an over ear hearing-protector headset. The space for the antenna is limited by an existing head-band design, where the unused internal area is the space studied in this thesis. A genetic algorithm is described for the multiple objective optimization of the antenna matching and radiation pattern optimization. The results of multiple genetic algorithm evaluations are described, and possible further improvements outlined. Progress is made on the development of the antenna. The antenna radiation pattern is evolved in desirable way, but a difficulty in solving the antenna matching problem is identified. Research for resolving the antenna matching problem is described in this paper Keywords: Antenna, Modulation, Genetic Algorithm, Frequency, Head-Band, Very High Frequency Broadcast.
Flexible Antennadesign for Wave Applicationsijtsrd
In this paper, a three dimensional compact antenna is designed for the automotive industry is proposed. The Antenna is designed by using the flexible substrate that can fix on the top layer of the car. The antenna can be easily fabricated from a printed circuit board and a metal sheet with low cost process and materials polyimide .It helps us to cover the Long Term Evolution LTE and WAVE guidelines, just as with different administrations, for example, GPS, car to car C2C AND remote keyless entry RKE . The structure is design for reduced incorporated flexible reception antenna arrangement with adjusted planar monopole is proposed to cover the Wireless Access Vehicular Environment WAVE band 5.9 GHz concerning vehicular applications. Jayenth S | Shanthosh S | Dr. Kanthimathi N "Flexible Antennadesign for Wave Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30510.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/30510/flexible-antennadesign-for-wave-applications/jayenth-s
What is Passive IoT Technology?
Passive IoT, as the name implies, is the IoT without a source.
The source is the power and energy source. We often talk about the passive optical network (PON), and passive wavelength division (WDM), all involving passive.
Passive is not connected to an external power supply, without batteries. Passive IoT, is not the network passive, but the end node passive.
In other words, the network does not change, and the end-node devices are connected to the network, without power lines and built-in batteries.
In fact, the so-called passive, not the end node does not use electricity, but a different way to get electricity (energy).
The passive IoT technology that is now hotly debated is mainly the IoT based on wireless magnetic energy capture technology.
In other words, passive IoT technology refers to the IoT technology where the IoT terminal captures and collects energy by collecting radio waves emitted from the network side.
Regarding the performance of active vs passive GPS antenna, both GPS passive antennas and active GPS antennas can receive GPS signals and achieve the satellite positioning function. But usually, the GPS active antenna is better than the passive GPS antenna, and the positioning speed active vs passive GPS antenna is faster.
GPS is to receive satellite signals for positioning and wayfinding navigation, and the reception of satellite signals must be used antennas. And GPS positioning accuracy and the stability of the satellite signal are placed with the antenna, and the internal craft will affect the effect of the navigator to receive satellite signals.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Narrow Band Internet of Things concept and role
Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is an important branch of the Internet of Everything, also known as Narrowband-IoT.
Built on cellular networks, likes Lora, is one of the technologies of Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN), Narrow Band Internet of Things supports long standby times, consumes only about 180kHz of bandwidth, and can be deployed directly on GSM networks, UMTS networks, or LTE networks to reduce deployment costs and enable smooth upgrades.
Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) requires efficient connectivity for high network connectivity devices. Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) devices can increase battery life by at least 10 years, while also providing very comprehensive coverage of indoor cellular data connections.
To design a complete antenna, first, you must understand the electrical knowledge related to the antenna, and secondly, you must understand the simulation tools and methods. Electromagnetic simulation is not omnipotent in antenna design, but it is impossible without electromagnetic simulation. One of the most commonly used tools is Ansys HFSS.
Frequency reconfigurable monopole antenna with harmonic suppression for IoT a...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This work proposes a new reconfigurable printed monopole antenna for IoT devices working with the promising wireless technology Wi-Fi 6. Based on effective resonant length value, the antenna has the ability to reconfigure its operating band between 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz ISM bands. Therefore, the designed antenna works as an RF band-pass filter which reduces receiver complexity and supports network scalability. One PIN diode with complete biasing circuit is integrated to the antenna radiator to obtain re-configurability. Furthermore, two stubs are added to the antenna structure in order to suppress harmonic component which appears near to the higher band (5 GHz) when antenna forced to work at the lower band (2.4 GHz). The design built over commercially available FR-4 substrate with a compact size of (33.5x16x1.6) mm3. CST software is used to simulate antenna performance in terms of flection coefficient, radiation pattern, efficiency, and gain.
What are drone anti-jamming systems?
The drone anti-jamming systems and anti-spoof technology protect against interference, jamming, and spoofing of the UAVs.
To protect their security, countries are beginning to research drone anti-jamming systems, also known as drone strike weapons. The anti-jam and anti-spoof technology protects against interference, jamming and spoofing. A drone strike weapon is a drone attack weapon that can attack and destroy enemy drones.
So what is so unique about this amazing system?
LPWA - Low power wide area, short for low power wide area technology, using lower power consumption to achieve long-distance wireless signal transmission.
Compared with the familiar low-power Bluetooth (BLE), Zigbee and Wifi technologies, LPWA has a much longer transmission distance, generally at the kilometre level, and its link budget (link budget) can reach 160dBm, while BLE and Zigbee are generally below 100dBm.
Compared with traditional cellular network technologies (2G, 3G), LPWA has lower power consumption, and battery-powered devices can last for several years. Based on these two distinctive features, LPWA can truly enable the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution.
LPWAN - Low power wide area network, i.e. a wireless connection network built with LPWA technology, LPWAN can be connected in various forms.
After reading the Top 14 IoT Trends to Emerge in 2023 article, you will learn about what the 14 IoT Trends will be happening.
What is IoT?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of connected devices, digital machines, and users with unique identifiers and network transportability that eliminates the need for human-to-human or human-to-machine interaction.
IoT is an important part of the new generation of information technology. Unlike the Internet, the main application objects of IoT are some physical devices, such as vehicles, home appliances, buildings, etc.
By embedding electronic software, sensors and some network connection devices in these physical devices, the exchange of data between devices can be realized, thus establishing a set of interconnected networks.
According to statistics, more than 43 billion devices are currently expected to be connected to the IoT worldwide, which will generate, share, collect and help people use data in a variety of ways.
The 14 most important IoT trends
Here are the 14 most important IoT trends that will change the world in 2023.
The principle and characteristics of GSM and NB-IoT
In this paper, we first analyze the principle and characteristics of GSM and NB-IoT, study the NB-IoT coverage enhancement methods, and compare and analyze the coverage capability of GSM and NB-IoT.
Each cell has a number of carrier frequencies, and each carrier frequency has eight-time slots, which means that eight basic physical channels are provided. In the wireless subsystem, the physical channels support the logical channels, and the physical channels are mapped to different logical channels according to the types of messages transmitted on the physical channels.
NB-IoT WiKi
NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT) is a low-power technology designed for Internet of Things (IoT) applications and other low-data rate communication requirements.
It uses narrowband radio spectrum and advanced power management techniques to efficiently utilize the available spectrum and extend the battery life of IoT devices.
NB-IoT is based on LTE cellular wireless technology and has been standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) as the global wireless communication standard for IoT applications.
LoRa Alliance Extends LoRaWAN Standard to Support the Internet of Things Applications
The LoRa Alliance Extends LoRaWAN Standard to Support IoT Applications by adding TS013-1.0.0, an application programming interface (API) for application payload decoder-encoders (codecs).
The LoRa Alliance reported it on October 25, 2022. The consortium is the global association supporting the Internet of Things (IoT), Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) open LoRaWAN standard.
Adopting the new TS013-1.0.0 specification will allow device manufacturers and application service providers to reduce deployment complexity. This will make it easier and faster to deploy LoRaWAN devices.
After the read, you will know, what is a private 5G network and how a 5G private network works.
What is a private 5G network?
A private 5G network is a wireless network that uses the 5G mobile networking standard and is owned and operated by a single organization, rather than a commercial telecommunications provider. Private 5G networks are often set up for use by a specific business or organization and can be used to provide secure and reliable wireless connectivity for a variety of applications, such as industrial automation, remote monitoring, and more.
Unlike public 5G networks, which are available to anyone with a compatible device, private 5G networks are typically only accessible to authorized users.
A private 5G network is a local area network (LAN) that uses 5G technology to create a private network with unified connectivity, optimized services, and a secure way of communicating within a specific area.
The concept of a Private Network has been around for a long time. In contrast to public networks, which are primarily intended for the general public, private networks exist primarily to address specific industries/needs. The difference between a public network and a private network is that a public network serves the general public, while a private network serves a specific audience.
This article comprehensively explains low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technology for IoT.
IoT communication technologies are divided into two categories: short-range wireless LAN and low-power wireless WAN (LPWAN), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, etc. are belong to short-range wireless LAN.
LPWAN is mainly used in long-range, low-bandwidth, low-power, and many connection needs of IoT application scenarios, the hottest LoRa in the market in recent years is the most representative technology in LPWAN. LoRa is the most representative technology in LPWAN.
Non-cellular low-power IoT technology solves the problem of large-scale and wide-coverage network connectivity for IoT applications, which makes up for the shortage of traditional cellular technology and promotes the application of IoT and large-scale deployment. Low-power wide-area networks will carry the burden of communication network economies of scale in the future IoT era.
What is wireless 5G LAN?
5G LAN is a LAN built in a 5G network, through which a LAN with mobility can be assembled to meet production and office needs. 5G LAN has the benefit of cross-territory mobility, so even if two people are thousands of miles apart, they can still set up a LAN to achieve Layer 2 and 3 interoperability.
Simply put, 5G LAN uses 5G technology to group and build groups of terminals to form a LAN network. When using 5G cell phones, have you ever noticed that even if you and your friends are close together (even face to face), your phone cannot search each other? You can communicate with each other because the data flow to the carrier or Internet service provider's server around the circle.
The Yagi Antenna design is one of the most brilliant antenna designs. How to make a 433MHz Yagi antenna design for a long-range? Is it easy to DIY a Yagi antenna?
DIY Yagi antenna design program
Yagi antenna design is mainly based on the gain requirements after selecting the number of antenna elements, determining the length of each element, and the distance between the elements and other parameters.
Here are the 7 steps of the Yagi antenna design program.
55 Different Types of Antennas With Examples Used in Wireless Communication.pdfAntenna Manufacturer Coco
After the read about these 55 different types of antennas, you will learn about the different types of antennas with examples and their use.
As an important part of wireless communication systems, the antenna plays an irreplaceable role. In our life, there are many types of wireless communication requirements, such as long-distance wireless communication, short-distance wireless communication, satellite wireless communication, microwave wireless communication, cell phone wireless communication, point-to-point wireless communication, point-to-face wireless communication, and so on.
Different wireless communications requirements correspond to the use of different types of antenna wireless communication frequency bands, and different wireless communication systems, so it is necessary to use different types of antennas.
The design and selection of different types of antennas are an important part of designing a wireless transceiver for RF systems. A good RF wireless antenna system can make the communication distance the best state. The size of the same type of antenna is proportional to the wavelength of the RF signal. The lower the signal frequency, the larger the antenna needed.
After the read of WiFi vs. Cellular, Is WiFi Better Than Cellular? You will know:
WiFi vs. Cellular, What is the difference between WiFi and cellular?
WiFi vs. Cellular, Is Wi-Fi better than cellular?
WiFi vs. Cellular, What is a cellular network?
WiFi vs. Cellular, What is a Wi-Fi network?
WiFi vs. Cellular applications
5G WiFi vs. cellular 5G, What is the difference between a 5G network and a 5G WiFi?
Which is better, Wifi or mobile data cellular network?
The important differences between WiFi and cellular networks
Apple watch Wifi vs. cellular, What is the difference between cellular and Wi-Fi Apple Watch?
Wifi Ipad vs. cellular, Is Ipad cellular worth it?
Apple watch Wifi vs. cellular, What is the difference between cellular and Wi-Fi Apple Watch?
Wifi vs. cellular data, Which one do you prefer?
This article takes you through the mobile networks' evolution from 1G to 5G.
The long road of mobile networks' evolution from 1G to 5G.
In the past few years, we have seen the rise of mobile networks. From "1G to 2G, 3G, 4G, and now 5G", the whole process of mobile networks' evolution from 1G to 5G has taken about 30 years.
In the past few years, the web has evolved so much that it's hard to compare it to anything else in this world of web technology. Let's go straight back in time, to 1G where it all began.
After the read, you will know:
What is DTU (Data Transfer unit)?
What is DTU's development history?
What is DTU's working principle?
What is DTU's functional configuration?
What is DTU’s Advantage?
What is DTU's core function?
What is DTU’s extension function?
What is DTU's application?
Application examples of DTU's 7 major industries
What is DTU (Data Transfer unit)?
DTU (Data Transfer unit) is a wireless terminal device specially designed to convert serial data to IP data or convert IP data to serial data for transmission through wireless communication networks. DTU is widely used in meteorology, hydrology and water conservancy, geology, and other industries.
After the read, you will know:
What is a DTU?
What is a DTU’s role?
What is a DTU’s working principle?
What is a DTU product type?
What is a DTU application?
What is the role of 4G DTU?
What is a DTU?
DTU is the abbreviation of Data Terminal Unit (DTU). In a broader sense, the module unit responsible for sending data information at both ends of the transmission link is called DTU, which is responsible for format conversion and data collation, and verification of the transmitted information;
In a narrower sense, DTU generally refers to the lower GSM/UMTS transmitting terminal equipment in wireless communication.
DTU is a kind of wireless terminal equipment specially used to convert serial data into IP data or convert IP data into serial data for transmission through a wireless communication network, which is widely used in meteorology, hydrology and water conservancy, geology, and other industries.
Smart agriculture refers to the use of information technology in farming to intelligently control the whole industrial chain of agricultural production, operation, management, and service, so as to achieve high quality, high efficiency, safety, and controllability of agricultural production. China attaches great importance to the development of smart agriculture, and the development of smart agriculture is the only way to realize modern agriculture.
After the read this What is the Difference Between LTE and Wifi article, you will know:
What is the difference between LTE and wifi network technology;
What is the difference between LTE and wifi network coverage capability;
What is the difference between LTE and wifi network wireless capacity;
What is the difference between LTE and wifi network terminal situation;
What is the difference between LTE and wifi network traffic billing;
Etc.
This article talks about Wifi vs LTE technology, what is the difference between Wi-Fi and LTE?
Over the years, the Internet has become increasingly important in our daily lives. Mobile broadband Cellular / LTE and Wi-Fi can be used to access the Internet and perform activities that require a data connection.
This article talks about the 7 common positioning technologies comparison, GPS positioning, Beidou positioning, base station positioning, Bluetooth positioning, WI-FI positioning, UWB positioning, and RFID positioning comparison.
This article is about the 4 positioning technologies: GPS and A-GPS positioning; base station positioning (cell ID positioning): identifying which cell in the network transmits user calls; Wi-Fi AP positioning; and FRID, QR code positioning.
Besides GPS technology and base station positioning technology, what other sensing and positioning technologies are currently available?
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1. GPS and aGPS positioning technology
2. WiFi-AP positioning technology
3. Cell ID positioning technology
4. FRID, QR code positioning technology
5. Bluetooth positioning technology (iBeacon)
6. Acoustic positioning technology
7. Scene recognition positioning technology
8. Geomagnetic field positioning technology
9. Pseudo-satellite positioning technology
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
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Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
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Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
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Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
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Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
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1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
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Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
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How To Choose An Embedded Antenna For IoT.pdf
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How To Choose An Embedded Antenna For IoT?
This article talks about the available IoT embedded antenna options and influencing factors
analysis. How to choose an embedded antenna for IoT applications?
IoT projects rely on wireless connectivity, and the signal of the wireless connection depends on
the chip itself as well as the antenna.
Wi-Fi is the preferred choice for portable devices or IP cameras, while industrial applications
(such as remote monitoring, smart meters, smart buildings, smart cities, manufacturing
automation, smart agriculture, and tracking) are more likely to use LPWAN networks such as
NB-IoT, LoRa, SigFox, ISM or cellular networks. Each of these types of networks has a wide variety
of embedded antennas.
This article will discuss the embedded antenna options available and some of the factors that
influence selection.
How to choose an embedded antenna?
The embedded antenna chosen should fit seamlessly into the PCB layout. In addition to this, it
must operate within the required range, operate interference-free, and use reasonable power
levels. The performance of all antennas will be verified when it enters the test phase, but a wise
selection of the antenna and a design that meets its requirements will give the design a good
start.
Smaller antennas seem to be the best, but there is more to consider. The topology of an antenna
determines its efficiency, bandwidth, radiation direction, and gain, so the smallest antenna may
not be the best choice.
There are also many design factors to consider, including the antenna's distance from other
components, the antenna's location on the board, the antenna's grounding requirements, and
the level of interference in the environment in which the device will be used.
PCB antennas
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How to choose an embedded antenna PCB antenna?
PCB antennas used to be the obvious choice. They are relatively inexpensive and can be
replicated quickly on a large scale.
However, they take up 10 times the space of modern chip antennas. Because they are purely
two-dimensional, they do not provide the same space-saving features as planar inverted F
antennas (PIFA), chips, or even patches. In practice, they can be difficult to tune, as small changes
in board material or component layout can affect their performance, and they are not easily
optimized for the device.
Ceramic Patch Antennas
How to choose an embedded antenna ceramic patch antenna?
Ceramic patch antennas are popular for positioning applications and can work well on vehicles,
but their popularity has declined for a number of reasons.
First, they are very directional and must be pointed directly at the sky to operate effectively.
Smaller ceramic patch antennas can be expensive, but they perform differently because of their
reliance on ceramic materials that transmit and receive RF energy.
Smaller patch antennas tend to support only narrow bands, so where wider frequencies are
needed, other types of antennas are more suitable.
PIFA antennas
PIFA antennas have become the de facto wireless solution. They are now commonly found in cell
phones, wearables, and small IoT devices, mainly because they can offer high levels of
performance and a small form factor, but also because they are widely available and inexpensive.
They resonate at a quarter wavelength, producing good SAR characteristics.
All of this makes PIFAs the best choice for engineers. They are easy to integrate, and circuit
matching involves only a simple matching circuit. One more advantage: they can be placed on top
of the PCB ground plane, thus allowing components to be placed under the antenna. PIFA is
currently the most popular antenna topology because of its small size and its ability to provide
high levels of performance.
ESA antenna (Electrically small antenna)
How to choose an embedded antenna ESA antenna?
ESA antennas, or electrically small antennas, are much shorter than their specified wavelength.
While some antennas operate on ¼ or ½ of the grounding layer, Esa (Electrically small antenna)
can be as small as 1/10 of the wavelength.
Some of the world's earliest antennas used this topology, and recently their performance has
improved greatly in terms of gain, bandwidth, and field patterns. These antennas may be small,
perhaps less than 20 mm. They are relatively unaffected by proximity and detuning and can be
adjusted to their capacity relatively easily using a technique called beam control.
Magnetic loop antennas
How to choose an embedded antenna magnetic loop antenna?
Finally, magnetic loop antennas are coupled to the magnetic field waves in the area near the
antenna. They work perfectly in ultra-small devices that require a high level of performance and a
compact form factor. They have anti-distortion properties and are ideal for wearable and
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Contact Person: Coco Lu cocolu@ctrfantennas.com (+86)13412239096
handheld devices, where PCB space is compact and performance is critical.
Other antenna types and topologies
SMDs are not the only solution for embedded antennas; there are other antenna topologies that
may be useful for certain IoT and embedded designs.
There are also flex antennas and external antennas, both of which have advantages; flex
antennas are not mounted directly on the PCB and do not require a ground plane. External
antennas are located on the outside of the device, work well in a variety of ground plane sizes,
and work effectively in free space, simplifying antenna integration.
Flexible PCB antennas
How to choose an embedded antenna flexible PCB antenna?
If there is not much space inside the device, a flexible PCB antenna (FPC) may be a good choice.
the FPC does not need to be placed on the actual PCB, it is connected to the system via its own
integrated I-PEX cable.
Flexible circuit boards do not require a ground plane, so they can be tucked into the device
enclosure. This helps save space on the PCB, but the integration of the FPC antenna requires care,
as the cable can also radiate interference just like the antenna.
The flexible antenna, located inside the housing of the device, is connected to the board via a
cable and I-PEX connector.
Terminal antennas
Terminal antennas can provide access to the highest performance when the application requires
mission-critical wireless performance, especially in environments where other RF noise is present.
These antennas are much larger and mounted on the outside of the device.
They can achieve excellent performance in free space without any in-device tuning or matching.
Board Size and Layout: Space Saving
The size and layout of your PCB design may determine your choice of antenna. Space is always at
a premium, so a compact, the low-profile antenna is usually a good choice.
Remember that the antenna should be located away from other sources of noise, such as
batteries, motors, and metal parts of the design, which can cause interference and affect the
wireless performance of the device.
If the device's enclosure is made of metal, its housing may cause problems, so a plastic enclosure
is often a safer choice.
If space is tight, a chip antenna designed to work on one edge or one corner of the PCB is a good
choice to save useful space on the board.
If the antenna is designed in a corner, it may be available in both left and right options, providing
the designer with more placement options on the PCB. The manufacturer's data sheet will
explain exactly how the antenna should be positioned and integrated into the design.
IoT Environment
Finally, a good wireless design should fit the environment.
IoT solutions are often found in commercial and industrial environments. IoT applications are
found in factory automation, vehicle and container tracking, and metering solutions for smart
buildings.
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However, these may not be good environments for RF. Wireless performance may be
compromised when there are metal objects, motors, other wireless devices, or even people
nearby.
Testing the design in a darkroom is a way to demonstrate the device's performance in a perfect
environment, but each prototype should also be tested in its real working environment. Testing is
the first step in achieving a working design and gaining regulatory approval.
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