How is the format used on the Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, a.pdf

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How is the format used on the Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances for the general fund different from the format on Income Statements used by for-profit organizations? Solution The main difference which lies in the format of both is of the terminology used. Whereaas Income Stateemnt uses revenue, expenditure and net income as the basis of their statement\'s skeletal. The Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances for the general fund uses revenue, expenditure and excess of revenue over expenditure along with other financing sources (uses) which included cash inflow and outflow from activities which are not the main sources of finances or revenue or source of usage. Excess (deficit) of revenue over expenditure is added in fund balance account of Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances for the general fund whereas in Income Statement it is added in retained earnings section.

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Cash Flows Introduction The Statement of Cash Flows is the third basic financial statement that is presented with the Balance Sheet and the Income Statement on a periodic basis. By reviewing the changes in cash due to operations, investing activities, and financing activities, the analyst can better ascertain how cash was generated and spent. The Statement of Cash Flows The statement of cash flows was developed in the 1970s and 1980s as a reaction to the need for management to reconcile net income to available cash. Many managers questioned how a company could report a profit, but have no money, or report a loss and still have cash available; the statement of cash flows was developed to explain how the income statement related to the available cash. The statement of cash flows can help managers and business owners to understand the sources and uses of cash, and predict future cash requirements so that needs may be met. The cash flow statement focuses attention on a firm's ability to generate cash internally, its management of current assets and current liabilities, and the details of its investments and its external financing (Libby, Libby, & Short, 2004). It is designed to help both managers and analysts answer important cash-related questions such as these:  Will the company have enough cash to pay its short-term debts to suppliers and other creditors without additional borrowing?  Is the company adequately managing its accounts receivable and inventory?  Has the company made necessary investments in new productive capacity?  Did the company generate enough cash flow internally to finance necessary investment, or did it rely on external financing?  Is the company changing the makeup of its external financing? These questions and others can be answered through the preparation and examination of the statement of cash flows. Operating, Investing, and Financing Activities The statement of cash flows has three main sections: (a) cash flows from operating activities, which are related to earning income from normal, recurring operations; (b) cash flows from investing activities, which are related to the acquisition and sale of productive assets; and (c) cash flows from financing activities, which are related to external financing of the enterprise. The net cash inflow or outflow for the year is the same amount as the increase or decrease in cash and cash equivalents for the year on the balance sheet. Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments with original maturities of less than three months. The operating activities section of the statement of cash flows can be prepared using either the direct or indirect method; the investing and financing activities sections are always prepared directly. Direct Method of Determining Cash Flows from Operating Activities The direct method for reporting cash flows from operating activities separates all of the operating transactions that result in either a deb ...

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UV1385 Rev. Nov. 14, 2016 This technical note was prepared by Professor Michael J. Schill. Special thanks go to Vladimir Kolcin for data-collection assistance and to Lee Ann Long-Tyler and Ray Nedzel for technical assistance. Copyright  2015 by the University of Virginia Darden School Foundation, Charlottesville, VA. All rights reserved. To order copies, send an e-mail to [email protected] No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of the Darden School Foundation. Business Performance Evaluation: Approaches for Thoughtful Forecasting Every day, fortunes are won and lost on the backs of business performance assessments and forecasts. Because of the uncertainty surrounding business performance, the manager should appreciate that forecasting is not the same as fortune-telling; unanticipated events have a way of making certain that specific forecasts are never exactly correct. This note purports, however, that thoughtful forecasts greatly aid managers in understanding the implications of various outcomes (including the most probable outcome) and identify the key bets associated with a forecast. Such forecasts provide the manager with an appreciation of the odds of business success. This note examines principles in the art and science of thoughtful financial forecasting for the business manager. In particular, it reviews the importance of (1) understanding the financial relationships of a business enterprise, (2) grounding business forecasts in the reality of the industry and macroenvironment, (3) modeling a forecast that embeds the implications of business strategy, and (4) recognizing the potential for cognitive bias in the forecasting process. The note closes with a detailed example of financial forecasting based on the example of the Swiss food and nutrition company Nestle. Understanding the Financial Relationships of the Business Enterprise Financial statements provide information on the financial activities of an enterprise. Much like the performance statistics from an athletic contest, financial statements provide an array of identifying data on various historical strengths and weaknesses across a broad spectrum of business activities. The income statement (also known as the profit-and-loss statement) measures flows of costs, revenue, and profits over a defined period of time, such as a year. The balance sheet provides a snapshot of business investment and financing at a particular point in time, such as the end of a year. Both statements combine to provide a rich picture of a business’s financial performance. The analysis of financial statements is one important way of understanding the mechanics of the systems that make up business operations. Interpreting financial ratios Financial ratios provide a usefu ...

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CASE 5 Business Performance Evaluation: Approaches for Thoughtful Forecasting Every day, fortunes are won and lost on the backs of business performance assessments and forecasts. Because of the uncertainty surrounding business performance, the man-ager should appreciate that forecasting is not the same as fortune-telling; unanticipated events have a way of making certain that specific forecasts are never exactly correct. This note purports, however, that thoughtful forecasts greatly aid managers in under-standing the implications of various outcomes (including the most probable outcome) and identify the key bets associated with a forecast. Such forecasts provide the manager with an appreciation of the odds of business success. This note examines principles in the art and science of thoughtful financial fore-casting for the business manager. In particular, it reviews the importance of (1) under-standing the financial relationships of a business enterprise, (2) grounding business forecasts in the reality of the industry and macroenvironment, (3) modeling a forecast that embeds the implications of business strategy, and (4) recognizing the potential for cognitive bias in the forecasting process. The note closes with a detailed example of financial forecasting based on the example of the Swiss food and nutrition com-pany Nestle. Understanding the Financial Relationships of the Business Enterprise Financial statements provide information on the financial activities of an enterprise. Much like the performance statistics from an athletic contest, financial statements provide an array of identifying data on various historical strengths and weaknesses This technical note was prepared by Professor Michael J. Schill. Special thanks go to Vladimir Kolcin for data-collection assistance and to Lee Ann Long-Tyler and Ray Nedzel for technical assistance. Copyright © 2015 by the University of Virginia Darden School Foundation, Charlottesville, VA. All rights reserved. To order copies, send an e-mail to [email protected] No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of the Darden School Foundation. Part TwoFinancial Analysis and Forecasting across a broad spectrum of business activities. The income statement (also known as the profit-and-loss statement) measures flows of costs, revenue, and profits over a defined period of time, such as a year. The balance sheet provides a snapshot of business invest-ment and financing at a particular point in time, such as the end of a year. Both state-ments combine to provide a rich picture of a business’s financial performance. The analysis of financial statements is one important way of understanding the mechanics of the systems that make up business operations. Interpreting Financial Ratios Financial ratios provide a useful way to id.

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Why is the Statement of Cash Flows Prepared? How is the Statement of Cash Flows different from the Income Statement? What types of transactions are presented in each section? Solution The cash flow statement, or statement of cash flows, measures the sources of a company\'s cash and its uses of cash over a specific time period. The income statement, or statement of financial performance, measures a company\'s financial performance, such as revenues, expenses, profits or losses over a specific time period. A cash flow statement shows exactly how much money a company has received and how much it has spent, traditionally over a period of one month. It captures the current operating results and changes on the balance sheet, such as increases or decreases in accounts receivable or accounts payable, and does not include noncash accounting such as depreciation and amortization. A cash flow statement is used to determine the short-term viability and liquidity of a company, specifically how well it is positioned to pay its bills and vendors. An income statement is the most common financial statement and shows a company\'s revenue; total expenses, including noncash accounting such as depreciation; and profit or loss, traditionally over a period of one month. An income statement is used to determine the financial performance of a company, specifically how much revenue it made, how many expenses it paid, and the resulting profit or loss from the revenue and expenses. The cash flow statement is linked to the income statement by net profit or net burn. The profit or burn on the income statement becomes the first line of the cash flow statement and is used to calculate cash flow from operations. This is referred to as the indirect method. The direct method can also be used to prepare the cash flow statement, where the money received is subtracted from the money spent to calculate net cash flow The Cash Flow Statement is divided into three distinct sections: .

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ACC 371 Lecture 7 Statement of Cash Flows Introduction Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) typically evolves in practice, rather than being written and then followed. An example of this evolution is the financial statement called, the statement of cash flows. Managers and business owners often asked why their companies were profitable but did not have available cash, or had plenty of cash but were operating at a loss. In response to this need, accountants developed the statement of cash flows to explain how cash was provided to the company or used by the company. The statement of cash flows is now a required financial statement according to GAAP. Since the statement of cash flows was developed long after the other three statements—the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of stockholders' equity—it does not follow the same flow as the other statements and requires information from all of the other statements, as well as additional information, in order to be compiled. Today, the statement of cash flows is one of the most significant financial statements for the potential investor or creditor. Usefulness of the Statement of Cash Flows The statement of cash flows is useful because it shows an organization's ability to produce future cash flows, provides an indication that the organization can meet its obligations, reports the differences between net income and net cash flows, and identifies the cash and noncash investing and financing activities during the period. Profitable operations do not always ensure positive cash flow. While net income is important, cash flow is also critical to a company's success. Cash flow permits a company to expand operations, replace worn assets, take advantage of new investment opportunities, and pay dividends to its owners. Both managers and analysts need to understand the various sources and uses of cash that are associated with business activities. The cash flow statement focuses attention on a firm's ability to generate cash internally, its management of current assets and current liabilities, and the details of its investments and its external financing (Libby, Libby, & Short, 2004). It is designed to help both managers and analysts answer important cash-related questions such as these: Will the company have enough cash to pay its short-term debts to suppliers and other creditors without additional borrowing? Is the company adequately managing its accounts receivable and inventory? Has the company made necessary investments in new productive capacity? Did the company generate enough cash flow internally to finance necessary investment or did it rely on external financing? Is the company changing the makeup of its external financing? These questions and others can be answered through the preparation and examination of the statement of cash flows. Operating, Investing, and Financing Activities The statement has three main sections: (a) cash flows from operating activities, which are relate.

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Which of the following is a technology that takes an Internet signal and converts it into radio waves? A) mobile B) wi-fi C) digitization D) VoIP Which of the following is a technology that takes an Internet signal and converts it into radio waves? A) mobile B) wi-fi C) digitization D) VoIP A) mobile B) wi-fi C) digitization D) VoIP Solution The correct answer is Option B Wifi is a technology that takes an Internet signal and converts it into radio waves?.

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What aspect of Ethernet can be a problem for security? What mechanism(s) were added to fix the problem? Solution Please follow the data and description : Ethernet : In the stream of computer science and technologies an ethernet is a local area networking technology which used to transfer the data from one place to another in the form of analog and digital signals respectively based on the usage, and these cables are specially called as the coaxial cables. These are also used for th epurpose to carry the signals of radio of different frequencies. Ethernet and its Security Issues : Ethernet on the other hand has also some major security problems which did effect its networking badly. Some major problems are as follows : 1) The major security problem of Ethernet is that when the data is transferred from the source to the respective destination it generally moves almost from all the parts and divisions of the cable and then moves towards the receiving computer. So while this part of execution some sniffing programs that are used by the hackers might be dumped in that causes some serious problems. 2) As the technologies use the concept of peer to peer technology that has been adopted mainly to reduce the expense on the use of the coaxial cables in Ethernet but at the same time it provides an unsecured networking process because it is based on sharing the data. So when this is done in a workgroup the the different or the unrelated computer have the greater possibilities to see the data. So some of the.

What aspect of Ethernet can be a problem for security What mechanis.pdf

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