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Explain advantages and disadvantages of designing an OS kernel in layers (‘ring’ structure).?
Solution
Advantages: 1.seperate address space is not necessary.
2.switching among the address space is slow moving manipulation.
3.flexibility: protection scheme which is intented to indicate through a programming language is
with the kernel method.modifications for a protection scheme the hardware is not necessary.
Disadvantages: 1.application start up duration is lenghy.
2.Application often enact manipulations which are not type secure.

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