How healthy are chronically ill patients after eight years of homeopathic treatment? - Results from a long term observational study. (December 17, 2008)
Homeopathic medical practice: Long-term results of a cohort study with 3981 p...home
Disease severity and quality of life demonstrated marked and sustained
improvements following homeopathic treatment period. Our findings indicate that homeopathic
medical therapy may play a beneficial role in the long-term care of patients with chronic diseases.
Homeopathic and conventional treatment for acute respiratory and ear complain...home
Data of 1,577 patients were evaluated in the full analysis set of which 857 received homeopathic (H) and 720
conventional (C) treatment. The majority of patients in both groups reported their outcome after 14 days of treatment
as complete recovery or major improvement (H: 86.9%; C: 86.0%; p = 0.0003 for non-inferiority testing). In the perprotocol
set (H: 576 and C: 540 patients) similar results were obtained (H: 87.7%; C: 86.9%; p = 0.0019). Further
subgroup analysis of the full analysis set showed no differences of response rates after 14 days in children (H: 88.5%; C:
84.5%) and adults (H: 85.6%; C: 86.6%). The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of the primary outcome criterion was 1.40
(0.89–2.22) in children and 0.92 (0.63–1.34) in adults. Adjustments for demographic differences at baseline did not
significantly alter the OR. The response rates after 7 and 28 days also showed no significant differences between both
treatment groups. However, onset of improvement within the first 7 days after treatment was significantly faster upon
homeopathic treatment both in children (p = 0.0488) and adults (p = 0.0001). Adverse drug reactions occurred more
frequently in adults of the conventional group than in the homeopathic group (C: 7.6%; H: 3.1%, p = 0.0032), whereas in
children the occurrence of adverse drug reactions was not significantly different (H: 2.0%; C: 2.4%, p = 0.7838).
Homeopathic treatment of patients with chronic sinusitis: A prospective obser...home
This observational study showed relevant improvements that persisted for 8 years
in patients seeking homeopathic treatment because of sinusitis. The extent to which the observed
effects are due to the life-style regulation and placebo or context effects associated with the
treatment needs clarification in future explanatory studies.
Association of CD4 T cell Recovery and Interpersonal Trust in Patient Physici...ijtsrd
The global HIV AIDS pandemic is still dangerous due to high incidence and high mortality rate. There are many factors associated with the immunological response beside treatment with medical practice. This paper aimed to assess the correlation of immunological responses and trust in physician measures in adult patients living with HIV AIDS. A cross sectional was studied to find the association between CD4 T cell changes and interpersonal trust in patient physician relationships. This study was carried out 93 aldult patients male accounted for 83.9 who were newly diagnosed with HIV AIDS infection at outpatient clinics, Tropical Diseases Hospital from October 2018 to August 2019. The mean TCD4 increased by 324.7 cells µl and 379.7 cells µl, respectively, compared to the original of 161.7 cells µl. Almost all patients had their immunity recovered after 3 and 6 months and the majority of patients have achieved virological success after 6 months of treatment. Factors associated with early immune recovery are youth, lower secondary education and single status. The majority of patients had truly trust in physician after 1 month and factors associated with trust in physician scale are male and employed. In Spearman rank correlation, CD4 T cell recovery and the trust present a strong relationship with p=0.008. Our finding is that the initial immunity recovery was strongly influenced by the interpersonal trust between the patients and the healthcare workers. Tao Gia Phu | Nguyen Hoang Lam | Cao Ngoc Nga | Vo Van Tam | Nguyen Phan Trong Hieu | Nguyen Van Trung "Association of CD4 T cell Recovery and Interpersonal Trust in Patient-Physician Relationship among HIV-Infected Adults in Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Vietnam" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30752.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/30752/association-of-cd4-t-cell-recovery-and-interpersonal-trust-in-patientphysician-relationship-among-hivinfected-adults-in-hospital-for-tropical-diseases-vietnam/tao-gia-phu
Is there a role for Homeobotanicals in Conventional Medicine?Kimmer Collison-Ris
Homeobotanicals are scientifically prepared herbal formulas prepared in a laboratory in New Zealand and have been utilized for the last several decades by Naturopathic providers. These products have been created and tested for correct dosages and blended to become formulas for use in patient's healthcare. They were discovered by the late Dr. Brian Murray to use in patients who could not afford the expensive naturopathic treatments. This paper discusses their preparation, uses, and suggests that they could be complimentary in treating patients in conventional medicine where standard treatments have failed.
Homeopathic medical practice: Long-term results of a cohort study with 3981 p...home
Disease severity and quality of life demonstrated marked and sustained
improvements following homeopathic treatment period. Our findings indicate that homeopathic
medical therapy may play a beneficial role in the long-term care of patients with chronic diseases.
Homeopathic and conventional treatment for acute respiratory and ear complain...home
Data of 1,577 patients were evaluated in the full analysis set of which 857 received homeopathic (H) and 720
conventional (C) treatment. The majority of patients in both groups reported their outcome after 14 days of treatment
as complete recovery or major improvement (H: 86.9%; C: 86.0%; p = 0.0003 for non-inferiority testing). In the perprotocol
set (H: 576 and C: 540 patients) similar results were obtained (H: 87.7%; C: 86.9%; p = 0.0019). Further
subgroup analysis of the full analysis set showed no differences of response rates after 14 days in children (H: 88.5%; C:
84.5%) and adults (H: 85.6%; C: 86.6%). The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of the primary outcome criterion was 1.40
(0.89–2.22) in children and 0.92 (0.63–1.34) in adults. Adjustments for demographic differences at baseline did not
significantly alter the OR. The response rates after 7 and 28 days also showed no significant differences between both
treatment groups. However, onset of improvement within the first 7 days after treatment was significantly faster upon
homeopathic treatment both in children (p = 0.0488) and adults (p = 0.0001). Adverse drug reactions occurred more
frequently in adults of the conventional group than in the homeopathic group (C: 7.6%; H: 3.1%, p = 0.0032), whereas in
children the occurrence of adverse drug reactions was not significantly different (H: 2.0%; C: 2.4%, p = 0.7838).
Homeopathic treatment of patients with chronic sinusitis: A prospective obser...home
This observational study showed relevant improvements that persisted for 8 years
in patients seeking homeopathic treatment because of sinusitis. The extent to which the observed
effects are due to the life-style regulation and placebo or context effects associated with the
treatment needs clarification in future explanatory studies.
Association of CD4 T cell Recovery and Interpersonal Trust in Patient Physici...ijtsrd
The global HIV AIDS pandemic is still dangerous due to high incidence and high mortality rate. There are many factors associated with the immunological response beside treatment with medical practice. This paper aimed to assess the correlation of immunological responses and trust in physician measures in adult patients living with HIV AIDS. A cross sectional was studied to find the association between CD4 T cell changes and interpersonal trust in patient physician relationships. This study was carried out 93 aldult patients male accounted for 83.9 who were newly diagnosed with HIV AIDS infection at outpatient clinics, Tropical Diseases Hospital from October 2018 to August 2019. The mean TCD4 increased by 324.7 cells µl and 379.7 cells µl, respectively, compared to the original of 161.7 cells µl. Almost all patients had their immunity recovered after 3 and 6 months and the majority of patients have achieved virological success after 6 months of treatment. Factors associated with early immune recovery are youth, lower secondary education and single status. The majority of patients had truly trust in physician after 1 month and factors associated with trust in physician scale are male and employed. In Spearman rank correlation, CD4 T cell recovery and the trust present a strong relationship with p=0.008. Our finding is that the initial immunity recovery was strongly influenced by the interpersonal trust between the patients and the healthcare workers. Tao Gia Phu | Nguyen Hoang Lam | Cao Ngoc Nga | Vo Van Tam | Nguyen Phan Trong Hieu | Nguyen Van Trung "Association of CD4 T cell Recovery and Interpersonal Trust in Patient-Physician Relationship among HIV-Infected Adults in Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Vietnam" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30752.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/30752/association-of-cd4-t-cell-recovery-and-interpersonal-trust-in-patientphysician-relationship-among-hivinfected-adults-in-hospital-for-tropical-diseases-vietnam/tao-gia-phu
Is there a role for Homeobotanicals in Conventional Medicine?Kimmer Collison-Ris
Homeobotanicals are scientifically prepared herbal formulas prepared in a laboratory in New Zealand and have been utilized for the last several decades by Naturopathic providers. These products have been created and tested for correct dosages and blended to become formulas for use in patient's healthcare. They were discovered by the late Dr. Brian Murray to use in patients who could not afford the expensive naturopathic treatments. This paper discusses their preparation, uses, and suggests that they could be complimentary in treating patients in conventional medicine where standard treatments have failed.
Palliative care could help improve the quality of life for Parkinson’s diseas...Δρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
A small study of individuals with Parkinson’s disease finds that adding palliative care to standard care may help raise their quality of life. Half the patients in a 210-person trial were assigned to visit physicians as usual, while the others also received palliative care — a team of a social worker, nurse, palliative medicine specialist, and chaplain visited the patient at home or via telemedicine to discuss symptoms and difficult emotions and offer support to caregivers. Patients in the combination care group had more improvement in their quality of life score (as measured by a survey that assesses physical and mental health).
These patients also scored higher on quality of life measures when their caregivers were surveyed in their stead.
Complementary therapy use by patients and parents of children with asthma and...home
Complementary therapy use reflects patients' and parents' underlying desire for greater selfcare
and need of opportunities to address some of their concerns regarding NHS asthma care. Selfmanagement
of chronic conditions is increasingly promoted within the NHS but with little attention to
complementary therapy use as one strategy being used by patients and parents. With their desire for selfhelp,
complementary therapy users are in many ways adopting the healthcare personas that current
policies aim to encourage.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self-Medication among Medical Studentsiosrjce
Self-medication is a common practice worldwide and the irrational use of the drugs is a major
cause of concern. Self-medication is an issue with serious global implication. The current study aimed to
determine the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of self-medication by medical students. A descriptive crosssectional
study was conducted among medical students currently studying first year to assess knowledge,
attitude and practice regarding self-medication in Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal. Seventy five
students studying in first year were selected for the study using stratified random sampling technique and data
was collected using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. The study finding revealed, the mean age
of 75 enrolled students was 20 years, 65.3% were in the age group of 17-20 years. Most of them were female
(72%). Seventy three point three percent belong to urban area. Prevalence rate of self-medication of one year
period seems high i.e. 84% and 68.25% in were females. The most common sources of information used by the
respondent were pharmacist (60.31%) and text book (46.03%). More than half of the respondent found to have
a good knowledge about self-medication regarding definition, adverse effect and different types of drug. The
attitude was positive towards self-medication and favored self-medication saying that it was acceptable. The
principal morbidities for seeking self-medication include cold and cough as reported by 85.7% followed by pain
76.2%, fever 73%, diarrhea 47.6% and dysmenorrheal 46%. Drugs / drugs group commonly used for selfmedication
included analgesics 75.8%, and anta-acids 53.2% and antipyretic 46.3%. Among reasons for
seeking self-medication, 79.2% felt that their illness was minor while 61.9% preferred as it is due to previous
experience. This study shows that self-medication is widely practiced among first year students of this medical
institution. There is dire need to make them aware about the pros and cons of self-medication in order to ensure
safe usage of drugs.
A protocol for a trial of homeopathic treatment for irritable bowel syndromehome
Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic condition with no known cure. Many sufferers seek
complementary and alternative medicine including homeopathic treatment. However there is much controversy as
to the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment. This three-armed study seeks to explore the effectiveness of
individualised homeopathic treatment plus usual care compared to both an attention control plus usual care and
usual care alone, for patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien dalam Pelayanan Konseling Kefarmasian Berbasis Al-Qur...Aji Wibowo
Konseling kefarmasian merupakan salah satu pelayanan apoteker yang komprehensif. Untuk itu, diperlukan partisipasi aktif apoteker melalui konseling di apotek yang mudah ditemui oleh masyarakat
untuk memberikan terapi farmakologi berupa pemberian obat antihipertensi dan penyaranan terapi nonfarmakologi, salah satunya berupa penganjuran membaca Al-Quran pada saat melakukan konseling kefarmasian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pasien hipertensi yang mendapatkan intervensi konseling kefarmasian berbasis Al-Quran terhadap pelayanan apoteker serta efektivitas pengobatan pasien.
Munro, S., Lewin, S., Swart, T., & Volmink, J. (2007). A review of health behaviour theories: how useful are these for developing interventions to promote long-term medication adherence for TB and HIV/AIDS? BMC Public Health, 7, 104-120.
An analysis of wrong practices among pharmacies and pharmacists in India-• Disadvantages of Self Medications Adverse Drug Reactions.Lack of knowledge about dose.Chances of using wrong medication.Risk of disease aggravation Drug interactions.
A Study of Propensity Score on Influencing Factors of Length of Stay in Hospi...Scientific Review SR
Background: Burns are a global public health problem, which are universal and can happen to anyone. Because the physical functions in children and adults are different, the confounding factors are easy to affect the results of study. Objective: In this study, we aimed to explore influencing factors of the length of hospital stay (LOS) when the confounding factors were excluded by Propensity Score (PS) in children and adults. Methods: Patients hospitalized for burn from 2014 to 2016 were retrieved from the medical record system of a general biggest hospital in Zunyi. A database was established to analyze the influencing factors of LOS between children and adults by the PS. Results A total of 465 children (61.7% males) and 327 (69.7% males) adults were recruited. The average age was 3.61±3.57 years and 42.48±14.76 years in children and adults with burns respectively. Before PS matching, low age and skin grafting were the protective factors for LOS (Hazard Ratio [HR]=0.993 and 0.339). The risk factors of LOS were male (HR=1.234), the burn depth and total body surface area (TBSA), and burn etiology (HR=1.497). After PS matching, only skin grafting (HR=0.080) and treatment within 24 hours (HR=1.865) were the common influencing factors of LOS. Conclusion the confounding factors were excluded by the PS method, and skin grafting was still a protective factor of LOS for both children and adults. The results provide a reference for the promotion of skin grafting to reduce LOS in burn patients.
Palliative care could help improve the quality of life for Parkinson’s diseas...Δρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
A small study of individuals with Parkinson’s disease finds that adding palliative care to standard care may help raise their quality of life. Half the patients in a 210-person trial were assigned to visit physicians as usual, while the others also received palliative care — a team of a social worker, nurse, palliative medicine specialist, and chaplain visited the patient at home or via telemedicine to discuss symptoms and difficult emotions and offer support to caregivers. Patients in the combination care group had more improvement in their quality of life score (as measured by a survey that assesses physical and mental health).
These patients also scored higher on quality of life measures when their caregivers were surveyed in their stead.
Complementary therapy use by patients and parents of children with asthma and...home
Complementary therapy use reflects patients' and parents' underlying desire for greater selfcare
and need of opportunities to address some of their concerns regarding NHS asthma care. Selfmanagement
of chronic conditions is increasingly promoted within the NHS but with little attention to
complementary therapy use as one strategy being used by patients and parents. With their desire for selfhelp,
complementary therapy users are in many ways adopting the healthcare personas that current
policies aim to encourage.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self-Medication among Medical Studentsiosrjce
Self-medication is a common practice worldwide and the irrational use of the drugs is a major
cause of concern. Self-medication is an issue with serious global implication. The current study aimed to
determine the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of self-medication by medical students. A descriptive crosssectional
study was conducted among medical students currently studying first year to assess knowledge,
attitude and practice regarding self-medication in Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal. Seventy five
students studying in first year were selected for the study using stratified random sampling technique and data
was collected using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. The study finding revealed, the mean age
of 75 enrolled students was 20 years, 65.3% were in the age group of 17-20 years. Most of them were female
(72%). Seventy three point three percent belong to urban area. Prevalence rate of self-medication of one year
period seems high i.e. 84% and 68.25% in were females. The most common sources of information used by the
respondent were pharmacist (60.31%) and text book (46.03%). More than half of the respondent found to have
a good knowledge about self-medication regarding definition, adverse effect and different types of drug. The
attitude was positive towards self-medication and favored self-medication saying that it was acceptable. The
principal morbidities for seeking self-medication include cold and cough as reported by 85.7% followed by pain
76.2%, fever 73%, diarrhea 47.6% and dysmenorrheal 46%. Drugs / drugs group commonly used for selfmedication
included analgesics 75.8%, and anta-acids 53.2% and antipyretic 46.3%. Among reasons for
seeking self-medication, 79.2% felt that their illness was minor while 61.9% preferred as it is due to previous
experience. This study shows that self-medication is widely practiced among first year students of this medical
institution. There is dire need to make them aware about the pros and cons of self-medication in order to ensure
safe usage of drugs.
A protocol for a trial of homeopathic treatment for irritable bowel syndromehome
Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic condition with no known cure. Many sufferers seek
complementary and alternative medicine including homeopathic treatment. However there is much controversy as
to the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment. This three-armed study seeks to explore the effectiveness of
individualised homeopathic treatment plus usual care compared to both an attention control plus usual care and
usual care alone, for patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien dalam Pelayanan Konseling Kefarmasian Berbasis Al-Qur...Aji Wibowo
Konseling kefarmasian merupakan salah satu pelayanan apoteker yang komprehensif. Untuk itu, diperlukan partisipasi aktif apoteker melalui konseling di apotek yang mudah ditemui oleh masyarakat
untuk memberikan terapi farmakologi berupa pemberian obat antihipertensi dan penyaranan terapi nonfarmakologi, salah satunya berupa penganjuran membaca Al-Quran pada saat melakukan konseling kefarmasian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pasien hipertensi yang mendapatkan intervensi konseling kefarmasian berbasis Al-Quran terhadap pelayanan apoteker serta efektivitas pengobatan pasien.
Munro, S., Lewin, S., Swart, T., & Volmink, J. (2007). A review of health behaviour theories: how useful are these for developing interventions to promote long-term medication adherence for TB and HIV/AIDS? BMC Public Health, 7, 104-120.
An analysis of wrong practices among pharmacies and pharmacists in India-• Disadvantages of Self Medications Adverse Drug Reactions.Lack of knowledge about dose.Chances of using wrong medication.Risk of disease aggravation Drug interactions.
A Study of Propensity Score on Influencing Factors of Length of Stay in Hospi...Scientific Review SR
Background: Burns are a global public health problem, which are universal and can happen to anyone. Because the physical functions in children and adults are different, the confounding factors are easy to affect the results of study. Objective: In this study, we aimed to explore influencing factors of the length of hospital stay (LOS) when the confounding factors were excluded by Propensity Score (PS) in children and adults. Methods: Patients hospitalized for burn from 2014 to 2016 were retrieved from the medical record system of a general biggest hospital in Zunyi. A database was established to analyze the influencing factors of LOS between children and adults by the PS. Results A total of 465 children (61.7% males) and 327 (69.7% males) adults were recruited. The average age was 3.61±3.57 years and 42.48±14.76 years in children and adults with burns respectively. Before PS matching, low age and skin grafting were the protective factors for LOS (Hazard Ratio [HR]=0.993 and 0.339). The risk factors of LOS were male (HR=1.234), the burn depth and total body surface area (TBSA), and burn etiology (HR=1.497). After PS matching, only skin grafting (HR=0.080) and treatment within 24 hours (HR=1.865) were the common influencing factors of LOS. Conclusion the confounding factors were excluded by the PS method, and skin grafting was still a protective factor of LOS for both children and adults. The results provide a reference for the promotion of skin grafting to reduce LOS in burn patients.
A model for homeopathic remedy effects: low
dose nanoparticles, allostatic cross-adaptation,
and time-dependent sensitization in a complex
adaptive system
Search for Potential Anticancer Agents: Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of Carcinosin, Apis and Thuja. Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy Vol. 2, No. 1, January-March 2008
Evaluación de la actividad anticancerígena de Carsinosin, Apis y Thuja.
Carsinosin 6, 30, 200 y 1000, fueron evaluados sobre su actividad anticancerígena en vivo, contra células de Carcinoma ascítico de Ehrlich, en ratones albinos suizos utilizando fluido EAC (tumoral) peso y recuento de células EAC como parámetros de actividad. Para este estudio se utilizaron medicamentos de diferentes laboratorios, productos de algunas compañías mostraron una buena actividad anticancerígena en modelos animales, la actividad anticancerígena de Carsinosin aumento con la dilución, es decir al aumentar la dilución las propiedades anticancerígenas aumentaron, pero otros productos de otras compañías no mostraron la actividad esperada.
Similar to How healthy are chronically ill patients after eight years of homeopathic treatment? - Results from a long term observational study. (December 17, 2008)
Homeopathic treatment of elderly patients - a prospective observational study...home
The severity of disease showed marked and sustained improvements under homeopathic treatment,
but this did not lead to an improvement of quality of life. Our findings might indicate that homeopathic medical
therapy may play a beneficial role in the long-term care of older adults with chronic diseases and studies on
comparative effectiveness are needed to evaluate this hypothesis.
Homeopathic and conventional treatment for acute respiratory and ear complain...home
This comparative cohort study, involving more than
1,500 patients in primary care practices of at least 6 different
European countries, demonstrates that homeopathic
treatment for acute respiratory and ear complaints was not
inferior to conventional treatment. Although no firm conclusions
can be drawn about the efficacy of homeopathic
treatment, these results certainly contribute to the growing
evidence that homeopathy is a safe and beneficial
treatment strategy for acute diseases in primary care settings.
Patient satisfaction and side effects in primary care: An observational study...home
Overall patient satisfaction was significantly higher in homeopathic than in
conventional care. Homeopathic treatments were perceived as a low-risk therapy with two to
three times fewer side effects than conventional care
Patient satisfaction and side effects in primary care: An observational study...home
Overall patient satisfaction was significantly higher in homeopathic than in
conventional care. Homeopathic treatments were perceived as a low-risk therapy with two to
three times fewer side effects than conventional care
Diagnoses and visit length in complementary and mainstream medicinehome
CM physicians differed from mainstream GPs in diagnoses, partly related to general and partly to
specific diagnoses. Between CM practices differences were found on specific domains of complaints. Visit length
was much longer in CM practices compared to mainstream GP visits, and such ample time may be one of the
attractive features of CM for patients
articleHealth professionals’ and families’ understanding of the role ofindivi...home
This paper draws on a mixed methods study that examined the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial of individualisedhomeopathy plus usual care, compared to usual care alone, for children aged 7–14 with moderate to severe asthma recruited from secondary care.It draws on qualitative interviews with participants in the feasibility study that investigated families’ and professionals’ views and experiences ofasthma, homeopathy and study participation
Running Head QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH SUMMARY1QUANTITATIVE RESE.docxtodd581
Running Head: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH SUMMARY 1
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH SUMMARY 10
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH SUMMARY
Student’s Name: Letzy Reyes
Institution: Grand Cayon University
Date: 06/10/2018
Nursing Practice Problem
P-(Problem) – elderly patients aged above 50 years admitted in hospital and having shown blood pressure disease signs. Patients not included in the research were pregnant women.
I-(Intervention) – the patients who are subject in this research will be subjected to therapeutic routine concerning hypertension. The blood pressure of all the patients was tested after administering hypertension medicine to the subjects. The resultant changes were recorded every day to determine the reaction and thus the group will make a conclusion.
C-(Comparison) – institutionalized quality methods will be regulated for hypertension and subjected to the group. The comparison between the groups will be done towards the end of the month in the group.
O-(Outcome) - there will be good relation between the hypertension medication and blood pressure.
T-(Time) – for the next one month the blood pressure will be monitored closely.
The nursing practice portion should be in paragraph form.
PICOT Statement
Elderly patients under hypertension medication together with pharmacological interventions can be maintained in hospitals to improve their blood pressure and with understanding the background and culture of the patients will be of great help in dealing with hypertension. Comment by Doreen Farley: Letzy, I know that this is not the PICOT question that we decided on. What happened to the PICOT?
In patients with hypertension, does the use of meditation along with pharmacological interventions compared to medications alone improve blood pressure? This was the PICOT from out last discussion on 6-1-18
This paper is supposed to be double space only. I am not sure why there is so much space in between concepts.
Introduction
Background of the study
The purpose of the study was to evaluate analyze how patients using hypertension medication along with pharmacological interventions compared to medications alone improve blood pressure. The bottom line of the study was to evaluate how different opinions on hypertension and the treatment of the disease and how such opinions differ from one place to another especially due to the difference in culture or ethnicity of these groups. In addition, the study will be evaluated on what the proposed interventions would do to improve the adherence to these groups. Comment by Doreen Farley: The study evaluated…
The proposed interventions from the research on the two articles will be of importance to the nursing field. There is the need for the nurses to connect, care and convey treatment for various groups of patients in our diverse community. These include taking treatment to patients from different ethnic and racial groups. When it comes to hypertension, nurses have been faced with challenges .
The Impact of Patients’ Disease-Labels on Disease Experience Living Longer ...semualkaira
Advances in oncology have resulted in prolonged disease trajectories, also for patients with incurable cancer. This has induced discussions about the ‘right’ medical terminology. The impact of choosing a specific disease-label on well-being can be high.
The Impact of Patients’ Disease-Labels on Disease Experience Living Longer ...semualkaira
Advances in oncology have resulted in prolonged disease trajectories, also for patients with incurable cancer. This has induced discussions about the ‘right’ medical terminology. The impact of choosing a specific disease-label on well-being can be high.
BRP Pharmaceuticals is a leader in physician dispensing services that provides instant medication to patients located in Burbank, CA. Visit: http://www.brppharma.com/
Factors associated to adherence to DR-TB treatment in Georgia, Policy Brief (...Ina Charkviani
Tuberculosis (TB) is a widely spread disease globally that causes millions of people’s death worldwide. Treatment for TB is complex and usually involves taking several antibiotics at once for a long time (sometimes up to two years). Considering the severity of the treatment regimen, it becomes hard for the patients to adhere and complete proposed treatment and particularly for those who are infected with drug-resistant strain of TB. Poor adherence to treatment remains significant problem that prevents countries from obtaining high treatment success rates that is essential for health systems to control the epidemic and decrease spread of the disease. A new study from Georgia looks at adherence to treatment factors among drug resistant TB (DR-TB) patients and provides evidence that may help policy-makers develop effective strategies for improving treatment outcomes among DR-TB patients. The study findings might be helpful for other countries in the region where TB burden is also high.
H 1 -Antihistamine Up-Dosing in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Patients’ Pers...Georgi Daskalov
H
1
-Antihistamine Up-Dosing in Chronic Spontaneous
Urticaria: Patients’ Perspective of Effectiveness and Side
Effects – A Retrospective Survey Study
Similar to How healthy are chronically ill patients after eight years of homeopathic treatment? - Results from a long term observational study. (December 17, 2008) (20)
Short-Term Effects of Repeated Olfactory Administration of Homeopathic Sulphu...Francisco Navarro
Short-Term Effects of Repeated Olfactory Administration of
Homeopathic Sulphur or Pulsatilla on Electroencephalographic
Alpha Power in Healthy Young Adults
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
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Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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How healthy are chronically ill patients after eight years of homeopathic treatment? - Results from a long term observational study. (December 17, 2008)
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health systems. For example, in the US the proportion of
patients obtaining homeopathic care has quadrupled
from 1991 to 1997 [2]. In the UK it was estimated that 2%
had visited a homeopathic practitioner in the last 12
months [3] and that annual expenditures for homeopathy
reached 34.04 million (out-of-pocket 30.74 million, NHS
3.3 million) [4]. In Germany, the country in which home-
opathy originated, a survey demonstrated that approxi-
mately 10% of men and 20% of women in the general
population used homeopathic medicines during the pre-
vious year [5]. Here the General Medical Council grants an
official additional certification in homeopathy upon suc-
cessful completion of a three-year-long training pro-
gramme. This is held by approximately 4,500 physicians
[6].
Meta-analyses of placebo controlled trials on homeopa-
thy have shown inconsistent results [7-9]. However, there
is only little data on the effectiveness and patients' satis-
faction of homeopathic health care in everyday practice.
Ten years ago we started a cohort study in nearly 4.000
patients aiming to systematically collect data about diag-
noses and treatment in the area of homeopathic health
care in Germany, including data on the patients' health
status. Our first results, based on a two year follow-up,
were published some years ago [10]. This paper extends
our former report, now for the first time presenting data 8
years after the primary homeopathic treatment.
Methods
Study design
In this prospective multi-centre cohort study, patients
were included consecutively upon their first consultation
with a participating homeopathic physician. All study
physicians hold an additional certification in classical
homeopathy and had at least three years of experience in
its practice. No restrictions on diagnoses were made. For
details on inclusion criteria or on the selection of physi-
cians see [10]. Recruitment period was between Septem-
ber 1997 and December 1999, and measurements of
health status were taken at 3, 12, and 24 months using
standardised questionnaires. The study protocol was
approved by the ethics review board of the Charité Uni-
versity Medical Center. In total 3,981 (2,851 adults, 1,130
children) were originally included in the study.
In 2006 3,677 patients (2,603 adults, 1,074 children)
were contacted again to provide an 8-year follow-up.
Patients were not contacted if they were known to have
deceased (32 adults), had withdrawn their consent to par-
ticipation in this study (207 adults, 53 children) or their
actual place of residence could not be identified (9 adults,
3 children).
In this paper we present only the long-term results (8
years), for more details on earlier time points refer to [10].
Outcome measures
Standardized questionnaires were designed to document
sociodemographic data, as well as information on prior
medical history, patient symptoms and complaints, qual-
ity of life, and the use of any treatment other than home-
opathy. At study entry, all patients recorded the
complaints that led them to consider homeopathic treat-
ment, for children below the age of 8 their parents were
asked to do so. Independently of their physicians, patients
rated the severity of their complaints on a numeric rating
scale (NRS, 0 = no complaints, 10 = maximum severity).
All complaints listed by patients in their baseline ques-
tionnaire were transferred to their follow-up question-
naires by the study office personnel. This ensured that
each baseline complaint was assessed at each subsequent
follow-up. For statistical purposes we averaged the ratings
of the first four listed complaints and used this average as
the main outcome measure.
For adults (16 years or older at study entry), general
health-related quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the
German MOS SF-36 questionnaire [11]. The results of the
SF-36 are presented in normalised scores, the results being
scaled in such a way that the normal German population
has a mean score of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.
The first questionnaire was distributed to the patients by
the study physician and completed prior to case taking
and the start of therapy (baseline). Patients sent their
completed questionnaires to the study office in sealed
envelopes. Follow-up questionnaires were sent to all
patients by the study office.
At the 8-year follow-up we additionally measured the
overall patient satisfaction with treatment on a 4-point
Likert scale, ranging from 1 ("little satisfied") to 4 ("very
satisfied"). Moreover, we asked the patients to rate
whether they "would let their disease be treated homeo-
pathically again", "would try homeopathy in other diag-
noses", "would recommend homeopathy to a friend", and
"find homeopathy logically comprehensible", each on a
NRS (0 = "I totally disagree" 10 = "I absolutely agree").
All patients were asked whether they were still under
homeopathic treatment. If not, the specific reasons for
stopping treatment were recorded and classified into (1)
"treatment successful", including "complete healing" and
"major improvement"; (2) "treatment success unsatisfac-
tory", including "unsatisfactory patient-physician rela-
tionship" "hospitalisation", "treatment not helpful",
"deterioration", "other therapies preferred", and "too long
distance"; (3) "unrelated to treatment success", including
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On the other hand, a similar percentage of patients
stopped treatment because they did not feel homeopathy
could help them sufficiently (n = 708, 26.0%), including
those 42 patients (1.5%) who reported a deterioration.
194 patients (7.1%) said they stopped treatment for rea-
sons unrelated to the therapy success (moving, financial
shortage, physician retired etc.), 97 (3.6%) did not give
any reason. These figures differed considerably between
adults and children: the percentage of children who
stopped treatment because of major improvements was
twice that of adults (n = 378 (46.2%) vs. n = 416
(21.9%)). In contrast, adults more often stopped treat-
ments because of perceived treatment failure (n = 567
(29.8%) vs. n = 141 (17.2%)).
Nearly half of the patients (n = 1118, 41.1%) reported to
have consulted another CAM therapist (not homeo-
pathic) during the study period, including naturopathic
doctors, physicians for Traditional Chinese Medicine, and
non-medical therapists (German "Heilpraktiker"). Four in
ten patients were treated with conventional remedies, this
rate being considerably higher in adults than in children
(table 2). Similarly, children used less frequently other
CAM therapies (table 2). Differences between those who
stopped homeopathic treatment and those who contin-
Table 1: Patient characteristics (values are absolute numbers and percent or mean ± standard deviation)
Study population Responders only
Adults (n = 2,635) Children (n = 1,074) Adults (n = 1,903) Children (n = 819)
Sex (male: female) 771:1864 559:515 518:1385 423:396
Age at study entry (years) 40.6 ± 12.4 6.7 ± 4.1 41.0 ± 12.3 6.5 ± 4.0
Age at 8-year follow-up (years) 48.3 ± 12.4 14.2 ± 4.2 48.8 ± 12.3 14.1 ± 4.2
Marital status (living in partnership) 1916 (72.7%) 1405 (73.9%)
Education (attending school >10 years) 1570 (59.6%) 1155 (60.7%)
Belief in homeopathy at study entry 1744 (66.2%) 739 (68.8%) 1283 (67.4%) 567 (69.2%)
Duration of disease at study entry (years) 10.0 ± 9.6 4.3 ± 2.7 9.8 ± 8.7 4.2 ± 3.5
Intake of conventional drugs at study entry 1318 (50.0%) 340 (31.7%) 965 (50.7%) 273 (33.3%)
Primary diagnosis at study entry *
Allergies (ICD9: 995.3) 154 (5.8%) 65 (6.1%) 114 (6.0%) 51 (6.2%)
Anxiety (ICD9: 300.0) 137 (5.2%) 44 (4.1%) 94 (4.9%) 34 (4.2%)
Asthma (ICD9: 493.9) 109 (4.1%) 67 (6.2%) 88 (4.6%) 51 (6.2%)
Depression (ICD9: 311.0) 157 (6.0%) 5 (0.5%) 110 (5.8%) 2 (0.2%)
Eczema (ICD9: 692.9) 200 (7.6%) 48 (4.5%) 154 (8.1%) 42 (5.1%)
Multiple infections (ICD9: 796.6) 140 (5.3%) 183 (17.0%) 105 (5.5%) 141 (17.2%)
Migraine (ICD9: 346.9) 202 (7.7%) 16 (1.5%) 146 (7.7%) 12 (1.5%)
Atopic dermatitis (ICD9: 691.8) 131 (5.0%) 216 (20.1%) 99 (5.2%) 175 (21.4%)
Allergic rhinitis (ICD9: 477.9) 215 (8.2%) 58 (5.4%) 161 (8.5%) 45 (5.5%)
Headache (ICD9: 784.0) 216 (8.2%) 71 (6.6%) 155 (8.1%) 45 (5.5%)
Sleep disorders (ICD9: 780.5) 185 (7.0%) 77 (7.2%) 127 (6.7%) 58 (7.1%)
* Multiple diagnoses allowed
Table 2: Number of patients receiving non-homeopathic treatments during the last 5 years of follow-up, grouped whether or not they
still were under homeopathic treatment
Adults Children
total still under treatment treatment stopped total still under treatment treatment stopped
Conventional medicines 881* (46.3%) 255 (37.6%) 625 (52.5%) 154 (18.8%) 40 (18.3%) 114 (19.0%)
Acupuncture 402 (21.1%) 155 (22.9%) 247 (20.8%) 38 (4.6%) 8 (3.7%) 30 (5.0%)
Yoga 181 (9.5%) 79 (11.7%) 102 (8.6%) 10 (1.2%) 6 (2.7%) 4 (0.7%)
Relaxation therapies# 176 (9.2%) 56 (8.3%) 120 (10.1%) 13 (1.6%) 2 (0.9%) 11 (1.8%)
Energetic therapies# 188 (9.9%) 68 (10.0%) 120 (10.1%) 56 (6.8%) 20 (9.1%) 36 (6.0%)
Exercise therapies# 249 (13.1%) 109 (16.1%) 140 (11.8%) 11 (1.3%) 6 (2.7%) 5 (0.8%)
Manual therapies# 108 (5.7%) 53 (7.8%) 55 (4.6%) 16 (2.0%) 9 (4.1%) 7 (1.2%)
Non-conventional
medicines#
60* (3.2%) 15 (2.2%) 44 (3.7%) 6 (0.7%) 2 (0.9%) 4 (0.7%)
* Due to missing values frequencies in subgroups do not add to total frequencies
# For definitions see methods section
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ued were small in children. However in adults patients
who stopped treatment used more frequently conven-
tional medication (53% vs. 38%).
Severity of complaints and quality of life
During the study mean severity of complaints improved
from baseline 6.2 ± 1.7 to 2.7 ± 2.1 after 8 years in adults
and from 6.1 ± 1.8 to 1.7 ± 1.9 in children (table 3, figure
1). From the generalised linear model the respective
standardised mean changes (mean changes divided by
standard deviations at baseline) were estimated at 1.61 for
adults (CI: 1.54 to 2.68, p < 0.001) and 2.01 for children
(CI: 1.89 to 2.12, p < 0.001).
At the 8-years follow-up one in two patients reported
improvements of complaint severity by 50% or more.
These percentages were similar in patients who were still
under homeopathic treatment and those who were not
(table 4).
Accordingly, QoL in adults improved considerably (table
3). This results in effect size estimates of 0.39 (CI: 0.35 to
0.45, p < 0.001) in the physical score and 0.54 (CI: 0.48
to 0.60, p < 0.001) in the mental score, respectively.
These 8-year figures were nearly identical to those after 2
years (table 3) suggesting that the patients' health status
did not worsen along time. Again, in children there were
no relevant differences between those who stopped
homeopathic treatment and those who continued,
whereas in those adults who continued treatment we
found slightly higher effects.
Overall satisfaction
731 (38.4%) adults and 342 (41.8%) children reported to
be "very satisfied" with the treatment, in contrast only 246
(12.9%) adults and 84 (10.3%) children were "little satis-
fied". Accordingly, most patients would use homeopathy
again and recommend it to friends with similar com-
plaints (table 5).
Predictors of success
1283 adults (67.4% of the study population, 48.7% of all
responders) and 655 children (80.0%/61.0%) experi-
enced a clinically relevant treatment success, defined as an
improvement of complaint severity of 2 pts or more. From
the logistic regression we found that this was more likely
in women than in men, and in children than in adults.
Patients who simultaneously used other treatments (con-
ventional or complementary) had a smaller chance to
improve relevantly, as did those suffering from allergies,
allergic rhinitis, or headache. In contrast, a diagnosis of
multiple infections was a positive predictor (table 6).
Discussion
In our study we extended former results on the course of
disease in patients receiving homeopathic treatment, now
presenting data from an 8-year follow-up. These data con-
sistently show substantial health improvements in
patients under homeopathic treatment, which persisted
Table 3: Course of mean complaint severity and quality of life during the study, grouped whether or not the patients still were under
homeopathic treatment
baseline 2 years 8 years 2 years change 8 years change
Adults
Severity of complaints
total 6.2 ± 1.7 2.9 ± 2.2 2.7 ± 2.1 3.2 ± 2.4 3.5 ± 2.4
still under hom. treatment 6.0 ± 1.6 2.6 ± 1.9 2.4 ± 1.9 3.4 ± 2.3 3.6 ± 2.2
hom. treatment stopped 6.2 ± 1.8 3.0 ± 2.3 2.8 ± 2.2 3.2 ± 2.4 3.4 ± 2.5
Quality of life, physical score
total -0.36 ± 0.96 0.08 ± 0.85 0.08 ± 0.89 0.42 ± 0.91 0.41 ± 1.00
still under hom. treatment -0.34 ± 0.92 0.16 ± 0.79 0.15 ± 0.81 0.48 ± 0.89 0.48 ± 0.95
hom. treatment stopped -0.37 ± 0.39 0.04 ± 0.89 0.04 ± 0.93 0.41 ± 0.91 0.38 ± 1.02
Quality of life, mental score
total -1.47 ± 1.43 -0.56 ± 1.23 0.53 ± 1.26 0.87 ± 1.41 0.95 ± 1.51
still under hom. treatment -1.43 ± 1.44 -0.49 ± 1.19 -0.43 ± 1.17 0.89 ± 1.41 1.00 ± 1.52
hom. treatment stopped -1.50 ± 1.43 -0.61 ± 1.24 -0.59 ± 1.31 0.86 ± 1.48 0.92 ± 1.51
Children
Severity of complaints
total 6.1 ± 1.8 2.2 ± 2.0 1.7 ± 1.9 3.9 ± 2.5 4.4 ± 2.6
still under hom. treatment 6.1 ± 1.7 2.1 ± 1.9 1.8 ± 1.9 4.0 ± 2.4 4.3 ± 2.4
hom. treatment stopped 6.1 ± 1.8 2.2 ± 2.1 1.7 ± 1.9 3.9 ± 2.6 4.4 ± 2.6
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through the whole observation period. Improvements
were more pronounced in younger patients, females, and
those with greater disease severity at baseline.
The methodological strengths of our study include con-
secutive enrolment of a large sample size, the participa-
tion of approximately 1% of all physicians certified to
practice homeopathy in Germany and the use of standard-
ised outcome instruments also used in studies on conven-
tional therapy.
Moreover, our study provides a reasonably representative
sample of all patients attending a doctor practicing classi-
cal homeopathy in Germany. The subset of patients
responding to the 8-year follow up matched fairly well the
data of the complete sample: although female adults were
slightly overrepresented in this sample, data on age, com-
plaint severity at baseline or duration of disease were
nearly identical between those who responded after 8
years and those who did not. We therefore believe that
selection bias is small and that our data are generalisable.
Severity of complaints (mean ± standard deviation)Figure 1
Severity of complaints (mean ± standard deviation).
0
2
4
6
8
10
study entry 2 years 8 years
meancomplaint(NRS)
children
adults
Table 4: Number of patients whose change in symptom scores indicates improvements or worsening of complaints at the 8-years
follow-up, grouped whether or not they still were under homeopathic treatment
Adults
n (%)
Children
n (%)
total still under treatment treatment stopped total still under treatment treatment stopped
cured
(all complaints vanished)
243 (12.8%) 86 (12.7%) 157 (13.2%) 247 (30.2%) 62 (28.3%) 185 (30.9%)
complaint severity improved
≥ 50%
918 (48.2%) 372 (54.9%) 545 (45.8%) 397 (48.5%) 111 (50.7%) 286 (47.7%)
complaint severity improved
≥ 10%
488 (25.6%) 162 (23.9%) 326 (27.4%) 121 (14.8%) 31 (14.2%) 90 (15.0%)
complaint severity worsened
≥ 10%
90 (4.7%) 21 (3.1%) 69 (5.8%) 32 (3.9%) 8 (3.7%) 24 (4.0%)
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Our study was designed to evaluate homeopathic treat-
ment in patients with various multiple diagnoses. This
disallowed the use of disease-specific measurement
instruments. Instead we used a numeric rating scale which
is validated, often used [14] and allowed for assessments
of a specific complaint as well as for generalization and
interpretation across various diagnoses. Using generic
QoL questionnaires served the same purpose.
As patients were allowed to use conventional therapies
and other complementary therapies during the study
period, the observed improvements cannot be attributed
to homeopathic treatment alone. The aim of this study,
however, was not to test the effectiveness of homeopathic
drug treatment, but rather provide an unbiased represen-
tation of contemporary homeopathic health care and its
outcome in routine care.
The mean change of the severity ratings after 8 years was
large. This may be partly explained by placebo and/or
regression to the mean effects that our study was not
designed to control. We thus cannot rule out overestima-
tion of the treatment effect. The QoL improvements, on
the other hand, may have been greater than recorded: The
SF-36 is unlikely to overestimate changes, its mental scales
have been found to be less sensitive than the mental und
social scales of other instruments such as the Duke Health
Profile [15]. It is most unlikely that regression to the mean
accounts for all QoL improvement that we have described:
on the physical scale the adults scored even better than the
average German population. Moreover, patients in this
study suffered from long-term chronic diseases and nearly
all of them were conventionally pretreated [10]. This
strengthens the likelihood that the improvement is not
purely due to the natural history of the condition.
It is of note that the differences in the outcome between
those patients who stopped treatment and those who still
continued were small. Most patients reported improve-
ments and only 5% of patients stopped treatment because
of aggravations.
Moreover, only few diagnoses turned out as a predictive
factor for treatment success. This might be taken as an
indicator that the difference in outcome was similar for
most diagnoses and that diagnosis was not a factor
severely confounding our results.
Patients who used additional treatments had a worse out-
come than those who did not. This presumably does not
reflect the fact that these treatments were ineffective or
even harmful, but is more likely a consequence from self-
selection: patients who did not benefit from the homeo-
pathic treatment are more likely to seek additional treat-
ment.
To our knowledge, the present study is the first to evaluate
systematically health effects under homeopathic treat-
Table 5: Patients' assessments of homeopathic treatment (each scale assessed on a NRS from 0 = I totally disagree to 10 = I absolutely
agree; mean ± standard deviation)
Adults Children
"I would let my disease be treated again homeopathically" 7.5 ± 3.2 7.7 ± 3.0
"I would recommend homeopathy to my friends" 7.7 ± 3.0 7.8 ± 2.9
"I would use homeopathy with other diseases" 8.2 ± 2.6 8.0 ± 2.5
"I find homeopathy logically comprehensible" 7.3 ± 2.8 6.5 ± 2.8
Table 6: Prediction of treatment success (mean complaint improvement >2 pts on a NRS from 0–10) from a logistic regression
analysis
Predictor Odds-ratio p-value
Mean complaint at baseline (each pt) 1.74 (1.63 to 1.85) <.001
Age (each 10 years) 0.83 (0.78 to 0.88) <.001
Men (vs women) 0.73 (0.59 to 0.89) 0.003
Additional non-homeopathic co-medication 0.46 (0.37 to 0.56) <.001
Additional treatment at naturopath 0.72 (0.57 to 0.90) 0.003
Additional treatment: Cupping 0.46 (0.23 to 0.91) 0.025
Additional treatment: Osteopathy 0.63 (0.38 to 1.06) 0.081
Diagnosis: allergy (ICD9: 995.3) 0.63 (0.43 to 0.91) 0.014
Diagnosis: allergic rhinitis (ICD9: 477.9) 0.66 (0.47 to 0.92) 0.013
Diagnosis: multiple infections (ICD9: 796.9) 1.60 (1.09 to 2.34) 0.016
Diagnosis: headache (ICD9: 784.0) 0.68 (0.48 to 0.97) 0.033
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ment for such a long observation period and with a high
follow-up rate. Güthlin et al., for example, investigated
933 chronically ill German homeopathy patients for a
period of 30 months (only 129 providing data at that time
point) and found comparable QoL effect sizes [16]. In
England, Spence et al. followed over 6.500 patients from
a single homeopathic outpatient unit for an individual
time period (maximum 6 years, average unknown) [17].
Using a 7-point Likert scale of global clinical impression
as an outcome measure they estimated that about 50% of
all patients showed relevant improvements, a figure that
matches our estimates. Several other investigations from
different countries in Europe or America report similar
health effects in various diseases within the first year after
homeopathic treatment. Here the percentages of patients
who experienced substantial improvements were consist-
ently above 50%, [15,18-28], although conventional
medication was reduced [20,23,24].
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that patients who seek homeo-
pathic treatment are likely to improve considerably,
although this effect must not be attributed to homeo-
pathic treatment alone. These effects persisted for 8 years.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
CMW was substantially involved in the conception and
design of the study, supervised it, helped to interpret the
data, and revised the manuscript critically. RL was respon-
sible for the analysis and interpretation of data and wrote
the first draft of the manuscript. NM was responsible for
data acquisition, helped to interpret the data and revised
the manuscript critically. SNW was substantially involved
in the conception and design of the study, acquired fund-
ing, and revised the manuscript critically. All authors read
and approved the final manuscript.
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by a grant from the Karl and Veronica Carstens-
Foundation, Essen, Germany. We thank all participating physicians and
patients and Iris Bartsch for data collection and Katja Wruck for data man-
agement.
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