How films are distributed
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Film distribution involves making movies available to audiences through various methods like theatrical release, home media, or television broadcast. Recently, films are often edited and produced using digital technology rather than film. If films switch to digital cinema (D-Cinema), film distributors could save substantial costs on duplicating and transporting film prints, which currently costs UK distributors around £125 million per year. D-Cinema allows films to be delivered digitally via disc, cable, or satellite instead of physical film prints.
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Film distribution association
Digital filmmaking has become more common as the technology has improved, making it easier for large studios to distribute films. A film is typically distributed after a studio or investor purchases rights and makes a licensing agreement with a distribution company, who is then responsible for releasing the film in cinemas. Distributing films digitally could significantly reduce costs compared to traditional film printing and transport, benefiting distributors. It would allow films to be quickly delivered via disc, cable, or satellite instead of printing and shipping fragile film rolls to multiple theaters, saving large studios thousands per film.
Media Distribution
YouTube would be a good initial platform to promote the film's opening sequence due to YouTube's large global audience of over 1.3 billion users. This could then lead to wider distribution through cinema screenings, DVD sales, and partnerships with streaming services like Netflix. Netflix would also be a good choice as it has 98 million subscribers worldwide who can access films across devices. A cinema release could further attract a large UK audience through promotions and the revenue per ticket is high.
Exhibition of film
The document discusses ways the UK Film Council aims to make non-mainstream films more accessible, including through their Digital Screen Network of 240 screens across the UK, a Prints and Advertising Fund of £4 million to promote films, and an informative website. Digital exhibition is important as it allows independent cinemas to screen more films at a lower cost compared to traditional distribution methods. Exhibitors face challenges like shifting market conditions, competition, efforts to gain control of the market, and investing in new technologies.
Ben ppt
The document discusses how film technology has proliferated and improved accessibility for audiences and filmmakers. It provides examples of technological advances like CGI effects, 3D movies, and high-definition that have enhanced the filmmaking and viewing experience. Specifically, it outlines how digital projection technology through initiatives like the Digital Screen Network have made independent films more widely available to audiences and helped smaller budget filmmakers. However, cutting-edge technology remains very expensive, with major studio films spending over millions whereas independent films often have much smaller budgets.
UFO Moviez presentation
UFO Moviez is the world's largest satellite-based digital cinema network, distributing movies and advertisements across 3000 screens in 1300 cities in India. It delivers over 9 crore potential viewers per month, reaching a largely unduplicated audience. UFO commands over half of the box office revenue for Bollywood movies and distributes movies in 29 Indian languages across genres like Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, and more regional languages. Its digital network allows for centralized control of content distribution and advertising across screens.
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The document discusses and compares aspects of the production, distribution, exhibition, and marketing of three films: This is England (2006), Green Zone (2010), and Avatar (2009). It covers the ownership and budgets of the production companies, technologies and locations used, actors, distribution methods, exhibition in independent and mainstream cinemas, and marketing strategies.
Digital technology affect on film industry
Digital technology has significantly impacted the film industry over the past decade. As digital cameras and broadband internet became more accessible to the public, people were able to create and distribute their own films, extending existing brands and promoting major studio films. However, this also led to increased piracy. Major studios have responded by decreasing film production as digital technologies have enabled independent films to be shot without large budgets. Going forward, the film industry will continue adapting to new technologies and changing audience habits.
Film technology essay
The document outlines an essay question and assessment criteria for evaluating the effects of new technology on the film industry. It provides a suggested structure for the essay, covering topics like online piracy, 3D and digital filmmaking, distribution through digital projection and home entertainment, marketing through viral campaigns, and concludes by relating the discussion to the student's own experience. Assessment focuses on demonstrating understanding, using facts and examples, developing a clear argument, and applying terminology.
Recommended
Film distribution association
Digital filmmaking has become more common as the technology has improved, making it easier for large studios to distribute films. A film is typically distributed after a studio or investor purchases rights and makes a licensing agreement with a distribution company, who is then responsible for releasing the film in cinemas. Distributing films digitally could significantly reduce costs compared to traditional film printing and transport, benefiting distributors. It would allow films to be quickly delivered via disc, cable, or satellite instead of printing and shipping fragile film rolls to multiple theaters, saving large studios thousands per film.
Media Distribution
YouTube would be a good initial platform to promote the film's opening sequence due to YouTube's large global audience of over 1.3 billion users. This could then lead to wider distribution through cinema screenings, DVD sales, and partnerships with streaming services like Netflix. Netflix would also be a good choice as it has 98 million subscribers worldwide who can access films across devices. A cinema release could further attract a large UK audience through promotions and the revenue per ticket is high.
Exhibition of film
The document discusses ways the UK Film Council aims to make non-mainstream films more accessible, including through their Digital Screen Network of 240 screens across the UK, a Prints and Advertising Fund of £4 million to promote films, and an informative website. Digital exhibition is important as it allows independent cinemas to screen more films at a lower cost compared to traditional distribution methods. Exhibitors face challenges like shifting market conditions, competition, efforts to gain control of the market, and investing in new technologies.
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The document discusses how film technology has proliferated and improved accessibility for audiences and filmmakers. It provides examples of technological advances like CGI effects, 3D movies, and high-definition that have enhanced the filmmaking and viewing experience. Specifically, it outlines how digital projection technology through initiatives like the Digital Screen Network have made independent films more widely available to audiences and helped smaller budget filmmakers. However, cutting-edge technology remains very expensive, with major studio films spending over millions whereas independent films often have much smaller budgets.
UFO Moviez presentation
UFO Moviez is the world's largest satellite-based digital cinema network, distributing movies and advertisements across 3000 screens in 1300 cities in India. It delivers over 9 crore potential viewers per month, reaching a largely unduplicated audience. UFO commands over half of the box office revenue for Bollywood movies and distributes movies in 29 Indian languages across genres like Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, and more regional languages. Its digital network allows for centralized control of content distribution and advertising across screens.
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The document discusses and compares aspects of the production, distribution, exhibition, and marketing of three films: This is England (2006), Green Zone (2010), and Avatar (2009). It covers the ownership and budgets of the production companies, technologies and locations used, actors, distribution methods, exhibition in independent and mainstream cinemas, and marketing strategies.
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Digital technology has significantly impacted the film industry over the past decade. As digital cameras and broadband internet became more accessible to the public, people were able to create and distribute their own films, extending existing brands and promoting major studio films. However, this also led to increased piracy. Major studios have responded by decreasing film production as digital technologies have enabled independent films to be shot without large budgets. Going forward, the film industry will continue adapting to new technologies and changing audience habits.
Film technology essay
The document outlines an essay question and assessment criteria for evaluating the effects of new technology on the film industry. It provides a suggested structure for the essay, covering topics like online piracy, 3D and digital filmmaking, distribution through digital projection and home entertainment, marketing through viral campaigns, and concludes by relating the discussion to the student's own experience. Assessment focuses on demonstrating understanding, using facts and examples, developing a clear argument, and applying terminology.
Digital technology and the film industry and case studies
Digital technology has significantly impacted the film industry. New technologies like digital cameras and computers have made film production cheaper and easier, while also allowing for improved special effects. However, digital films are sometimes disliked by audiences and illegal downloading cuts into industry profits. The document discusses these pros and cons of digital technology, and provides examples of how specific films like The Fault in Our Stars and The Riot Club utilized different digital techniques and distribution methods.
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Current issues
1. The document discusses various ways that movies are consumed now, including streaming services like Netflix and LOVEFilm, illegal downloading, and simultaneous or shortened release windows.
2. It also looks at how the movie industry is trying to adapt to changing audience behaviors and new distribution methods, giving examples like Field in England's simultaneous release strategy.
3. Data is presented on movie piracy trends and the growth of legal streaming services like Netflix that aim to compete with illegal downloading by making movies more accessible.
Case study files
This document provides case studies and fact files for several successful films: The King's Speech, Searching for Sugarman, The Hobbit, and The Avengers. It also includes information on production companies See Saw Films and Paramount Pictures. See Saw Films financed The King's Speech and has had success with films like Shame and Oranges and Sunshine. Paramount Pictures distributes major films globally and has financial hits like Rise of the Guardians. The document also discusses exhibition in independent cinemas like The Rex and multiplexes like Cineworld.
Film Distribution
The document discusses key concepts related to film distribution, including:
- What a film distributor is and does, such as marketing films, setting release dates, and determining how films are exhibited or made available for viewing through various media.
- What film distribution entails, like a distributor developing a marketing strategy and release plan to make a movie available to audiences through theaters, home video, or television.
- The concept of synergy, which refers to two or more companies collaborating in ways that create greater benefits than if they worked independently.
Film distribution
The Hollywood film industry relies on a production and distribution cycle involving production companies, distribution companies, and exhibitors to finance, produce, distribute, and exhibit films. Distribution companies play a key role in determining the number of film prints made, getting films access to theaters, and using their brand recognition and access to capital to help finance films. However, distribution is a costly process, with large distribution companies spending over $100 million to distribute blockbuster films. These companies aim to make a profit by receiving a percentage of box office revenues from theaters.
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A film is a series of still images that create the illusion of moving images when shown on a screen. The film industry comprises companies involved in film production, distribution, and exhibition, as well as actors and crew. Major film companies in the UK include production, distribution, and exhibition companies that work together across the different parts of the industry. These large companies own numerous media properties that allow them to retain control and maximize profits.
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Section b key information
This document provides information on various case studies of films, including their production budgets, release dates, producers, distributors, and box office performance in the UK. It compares lower budget independent films like "The Angels Share" and "A Field in England" to larger blockbuster films like "Taken 2" and "Man of Steel." The independent films struggled at the UK box office due to limited distribution and screenings, but used alternative distribution methods like video-on-demand to find audiences. In contrast, the blockbuster films were hugely successful in theaters due to widespread distribution through major studios and large marketing campaigns. The document also provides context on trends in the UK film industry and changing technologies.
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This document summarizes the Hindi film distribution industry in India. It provides an overview of the industry, including key statistics on revenue and growth. It then describes the value chain from production to exhibition. It details the roles of producers, distributors, and exhibitors (single screen theaters and multiplexes) and the various revenue models between these entities. Challenges facing the industry like piracy and lack of screens are discussed. The presentation concludes with recommendations to address these challenges through government support, transparency in data collection, and industry-wide agreements.
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Digital cinema can curb film piracy by eliminating physical film prints and enabling encrypted digital transmission and storage of films. UFO Moviez has developed a digital cinema system that transmits encrypted films via satellite to theaters' servers and projectors, preventing piracy. It has been successful in India, reducing piracy to zero and increasing theater occupancy by 120% on average. UFO Moviez aims to expand internationally to further combat piracy through digital cinema technology.
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This is a presentation on the different technologies used for Production, distribution, exhibition and exchange.
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Distribution involves releasing films in the marketplace and involves either vertical or horizontal integration models. Films are usually launched on Fridays and marketed through various traditional and new technologies. Film distribution has unique procedures where success or failure of theatrical releases determines subsequent home media releases. Distribution is transitioning to digital with encrypted files being sent directly to cinemas for screening.
Film distribution
Film distribution is the competitive business of marketing and releasing films. Distributors are responsible for deciding release dates and theaters, advertising campaigns, and negotiating deals for home video and television releases. They aim to maximize revenue from theatrical showings, home video sales and rentals, pay-per-view, and television licenses. United International Pictures distributes films from major studios like Universal and Paramount internationally outside of North America.
Exhibition and Exchange
The document discusses the film exhibition industry, including the roles and challenges of cinema operators (exhibitors). Exhibitors own and operate cinemas, selling the experience of watching films as well as concessions. They aim to attract large audiences by offering a variety of films, not just blockbusters, and many have transitioned to multiplex models for improved viewing experiences. Digital distribution has also made independent and non-mainstream films more accessible in cinemas.
Exhibition and exchange
The document discusses the film exhibition industry, including the roles and challenges of cinema operators (exhibitors). Exhibitors own and operate cinemas, selling the experience of watching films as well as concessions. They aim to attract large audiences by offering a variety of films, not just blockbusters, and many have transitioned to multiplex models for improved viewing experiences. Digital distribution has also made independent and non-mainstream films more accessible in cinemas.
Exhibition and Exchange
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Notes from-the-textbook
The film industry involves three main components: production, distribution, and consumption. Production is the making of films, distribution is promoting and releasing films in cinemas and home media, and consumption is audiences paying to view films. The US film industry has significant advantages over other countries due to its large domestic market and capital resources, dominating the global distribution of films. However, increased digital technologies have benefits for independent and low-budget filmmakers by enabling new forms of distribution outside the traditional system.
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The document discusses film distribution and exhibition. It describes how films can be accessed by consumers from producers or distributors through various means like cinemas, DVDs, on-demand services, television, and broadcast. It also discusses the costs and risks involved for cinemas in exhibiting films, and how cinemas are starting to invest in digital projection to show digitally distributed films and address challenges like exhibiting 3D films. Making a profit for cinemas can include high ticket prices, advertising, and concessions. The document also compares analog and digital projectors, noting advantages of digital like high quality images and not needing a trained projectionist.
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This document discusses narrative theories proposed by Barthes and Cameron. It outlines Barthes' 5 code theory which describes different codes that provide meaning and advance narratives, such as the hermeneutic code involving clues and the proairetic code involving actions. It also discusses Cameron's modular narratives, describing techniques like anachronic narratives using flashbacks, forking paths showing alternative stories, and episodic narratives connecting separate stories through a theme.
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Digital technology has significantly impacted the film industry. New technologies like digital cameras and computers have made film production cheaper and easier, while also allowing for improved special effects. However, digital films are sometimes disliked by audiences and illegal downloading cuts into industry profits. The document discusses these pros and cons of digital technology, and provides examples of how specific films like The Fault in Our Stars and The Riot Club utilized different digital techniques and distribution methods.
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This document provides case studies and fact files for several successful films: The King's Speech, Searching for Sugarman, The Hobbit, and The Avengers. It also includes information on production companies See Saw Films and Paramount Pictures. See Saw Films financed The King's Speech and has had success with films like Shame and Oranges and Sunshine. Paramount Pictures distributes major films globally and has financial hits like Rise of the Guardians. The document also discusses exhibition in independent cinemas like The Rex and multiplexes like Cineworld.
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The document discusses key concepts related to film distribution, including:
- What a film distributor is and does, such as marketing films, setting release dates, and determining how films are exhibited or made available for viewing through various media.
- What film distribution entails, like a distributor developing a marketing strategy and release plan to make a movie available to audiences through theaters, home video, or television.
- The concept of synergy, which refers to two or more companies collaborating in ways that create greater benefits than if they worked independently.
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The Hollywood film industry relies on a production and distribution cycle involving production companies, distribution companies, and exhibitors to finance, produce, distribute, and exhibit films. Distribution companies play a key role in determining the number of film prints made, getting films access to theaters, and using their brand recognition and access to capital to help finance films. However, distribution is a costly process, with large distribution companies spending over $100 million to distribute blockbuster films. These companies aim to make a profit by receiving a percentage of box office revenues from theaters.
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This document provides information on various case studies of films, including their production budgets, release dates, producers, distributors, and box office performance in the UK. It compares lower budget independent films like "The Angels Share" and "A Field in England" to larger blockbuster films like "Taken 2" and "Man of Steel." The independent films struggled at the UK box office due to limited distribution and screenings, but used alternative distribution methods like video-on-demand to find audiences. In contrast, the blockbuster films were hugely successful in theaters due to widespread distribution through major studios and large marketing campaigns. The document also provides context on trends in the UK film industry and changing technologies.
A Study of Sales & Distribution Mechanisms of Hindi Cinema
This document summarizes the Hindi film distribution industry in India. It provides an overview of the industry, including key statistics on revenue and growth. It then describes the value chain from production to exhibition. It details the roles of producers, distributors, and exhibitors (single screen theaters and multiplexes) and the various revenue models between these entities. Challenges facing the industry like piracy and lack of screens are discussed. The presentation concludes with recommendations to address these challenges through government support, transparency in data collection, and industry-wide agreements.
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This is a presentation on the different technologies used for Production, distribution, exhibition and exchange.
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Distribution involves releasing films in the marketplace and involves either vertical or horizontal integration models. Films are usually launched on Fridays and marketed through various traditional and new technologies. Film distribution has unique procedures where success or failure of theatrical releases determines subsequent home media releases. Distribution is transitioning to digital with encrypted files being sent directly to cinemas for screening.
Film distribution
Film distribution is the competitive business of marketing and releasing films. Distributors are responsible for deciding release dates and theaters, advertising campaigns, and negotiating deals for home video and television releases. They aim to maximize revenue from theatrical showings, home video sales and rentals, pay-per-view, and television licenses. United International Pictures distributes films from major studios like Universal and Paramount internationally outside of North America.
Exhibition and Exchange
The document discusses the film exhibition industry, including the roles and challenges of cinema operators (exhibitors). Exhibitors own and operate cinemas, selling the experience of watching films as well as concessions. They aim to attract large audiences by offering a variety of films, not just blockbusters, and many have transitioned to multiplex models for improved viewing experiences. Digital distribution has also made independent and non-mainstream films more accessible in cinemas.
Exhibition and exchange
The document discusses the film exhibition industry, including the roles and challenges of cinema operators (exhibitors). Exhibitors own and operate cinemas, selling the experience of watching films as well as concessions. They aim to attract large audiences by offering a variety of films, not just blockbusters, and many have transitioned to multiplex models for improved viewing experiences. Digital distribution has also made independent and non-mainstream films more accessible in cinemas.
Exhibition and Exchange
The document discusses the film exhibition industry, including the roles and challenges of cinema operators (exhibitors). Exhibitors own and operate cinemas, selling the experience of watching films as well as concessions. They aim to attract large audiences by offering a variety of films, not just blockbusters, and many have transitioned to multiplex models for improved viewing experiences. Digital distribution has also made independent and non-mainstream films more accessible in cinemas.
Notes from-the-textbook
The film industry involves three main components: production, distribution, and consumption. Production is the making of films, distribution is promoting and releasing films in cinemas and home media, and consumption is audiences paying to view films. The US film industry has significant advantages over other countries due to its large domestic market and capital resources, dominating the global distribution of films. However, increased digital technologies have benefits for independent and low-budget filmmakers by enabling new forms of distribution outside the traditional system.
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The document discusses film distribution and exhibition. It describes how films can be accessed by consumers from producers or distributors through various means like cinemas, DVDs, on-demand services, television, and broadcast. It also discusses the costs and risks involved for cinemas in exhibiting films, and how cinemas are starting to invest in digital projection to show digitally distributed films and address challenges like exhibiting 3D films. Making a profit for cinemas can include high ticket prices, advertising, and concessions. The document also compares analog and digital projectors, noting advantages of digital like high quality images and not needing a trained projectionist.
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The document discusses two stages of film production: distribution and exhibition. Distribution involves launching films in the marketplace through advertising and merchandise. Exhibition is how films are shown to audiences, such as in cinemas. Distribution can now be done digitally through online stores or streaming, making it cheaper than analog distribution of film reels. Exhibition also involves digital projection in cinemas instead of film reels, reducing costs and staffing needs. The final stages of distribution involve rating, shipping, and cinema showings followed by DVD releases. Low-budget films may use digital distribution through online platforms like YouTube.
deep
The document discusses the process of film production and distribution, from developing the screenplay through principal photography, post-production, acquiring a distribution deal, the distributor's marketing campaign, delivering prints to cinemas, and subsequent distribution windows to home entertainment and television. It also notes that digital films have advantages over physical film prints in terms of lower distribution costs, the ability to open globally simultaneously, and high image quality without film wear with each screening.
Technology
Digital technologies are fundamentally changing the film industry from production to distribution to exhibition. Films themselves are being transformed as they are increasingly being shot in digital formats rather than film. Technologies like 3D and IMAX are also reshaping theatrical exhibition. At the same time, new platforms like DVDs, Blu-Rays, streaming, and online piracy are challenging traditional models of distribution and consumption. This technological evolution is both opening new opportunities for the film industry and posing new threats around piracy and windowing of content across platforms.
Devendra jindal
Digital cinema refers to the use of digital technology to distribute and project motion pictures instead of conventional film projectors. A movie can be distributed digitally via hard drives, optical disks, or satellite and projected using a digital projector. Digital cinema encompasses the entire movie making process from production to distribution and projection. A digitally produced movie can be distributed to theaters digitally via satellite, physical media, or fiber optic networks to be projected using digital projectors controlled by industry standard servers and management software.
Devendra jindal
Digital cinema refers to the use of digital technology to distribute and project motion pictures rather than conventional film projectors. A movie can be distributed digitally via hard drives, optical disks, or satellite and projected using a digital projector. Digital cinema encompasses the entire movie making process from production to distribution and projection. A digitally produced movie can be distributed to theaters digitally via satellite, physical media, or fiber optic networks to be projected using a digital projector controlled by a server.
Devendra jindal
Digital cinema refers to the use of digital technology to distribute and project motion pictures instead of conventional film projectors. A movie can be distributed digitally via hard drives, optical disks, or satellite and projected using a digital projector. Digital cinema encompasses the entire movie making process from production to distribution and projection. A digitally produced movie can be distributed to theaters digitally via satellite, physical media, or fiber optic networks to be projected using digital projectors controlled by industry standard servers and management software.
Digital Technologies And Film
Digital technologies such as digital video, computer generated imagery, digital distribution and projection are impacting the film industry. There are advantages for filmmakers in cheaper production costs and increased realism. Distributors benefit from lower storage and duplication costs of digital formats. Audiences have easier access through online distribution and user generated content. However, some disadvantages are a potential loss of image quality for institutions and increased piracy risks for distributors from the digitization of the industry. Maintaining the theatrical experience as superior to online or home viewing is seen as important to established industry players.
Technology and film
This document discusses how new media technology has revolutionized film production in three key areas:
1. Cinematography has shifted from film to digital formats, improving portability and reducing costs.
2. Editing has become digital and non-linear, speeding up the editing process and reducing costs.
3. Special effects now rely on computer-generated imagery, allowing for greater manipulation and realism at lower costs than practical effects.
However, new media technology has also impacted audiences by enabling piracy and changing the experience of watching films.
Distribution
Here are the answers to the questions:
1. The 'big six' distributors (Warner Bros Pictures, United International Pictures (Paramount), 20th Century Fox, Buena Vista (Walt Disney), Columbia Tristar Pictures, Universal) dominate around 90% of the UK cinema box office market in any given year.
2. It is important that distributors ensure timely delivery of films because cinemas spend money publicising film play-dates and times, so there is an imperative for the distributor to deliver the film on time.
3. A 35mm film print typically costs around £1,000, or twice that if subtitled.
4. A feature film print will usually
Revision piracy, ownership, the digital age, proliferation of hardware
The document discusses how piracy has been impacted by technological changes like digital media and the internet, which have made illegally distributing and accessing copyrighted content much easier. It also examines how these changes have challenged the traditional dominance of large Hollywood studios over the film industry and provided new opportunities for independent and low-budget films. Finally, it explores some strategies media companies have used to combat piracy in the digital age through things like simultaneous worldwide releases and digital encryption.
Django unchained
The document summarizes the 2012 film Django Unchained, directed by Quentin Tarantino. It discusses the production companies behind the film, Columbia Pictures and The Weinstein Company, which provided a $100 million budget. It also notes the film's box office revenue of $425 million. The document then examines various technological developments in film production, distribution, and marketing in recent years.
Digital cinemas
- Warp X is a new British film studio that uses cutting-edge digital technology and low-budget production methods to create high-value films for global cinema audiences. It aims to be a sustainable studio driven by creative talent.
- Digital cinema refers to using digital technology rather than film for movie distribution and projection. Movies can be distributed digitally and projected using a digital projector with higher resolutions than television. Digital cinema is potentially cheaper.
- Some concerns about digital cinema include it producing more non-biodegradable electronic waste and making free-to-air channels harder for parents to control in terms of culturally improper content for children.
Film production
There are two main stages of film production: distribution and exhibition. Distribution involves physically distributing the film and promoting it, which can now be done digitally through online stores or streaming. Exhibition is how the film is shown to audiences, traditionally in cinemas but now also through digital means like DVDs and online. For low-budget films, independent distribution through film festivals and digital platforms like YouTube is more feasible than large production companies. The transition to digital distribution and exhibition has reduced costs compared to the previous analogue model of physical film reels.
Business Research Theme (Bullet Point 2)
Cinema chains cut costs by employing staff on zero-hour contracts without guaranteed work. Younger, non-unionized staff may earn lower wages. Major cinema chains in the UK include Odeon, Cineworld, and Vue. Films are supplied to cinemas via encrypted hard drives or digital download and must be processed before screening. Ticketing agencies emerged to handle ticket sales and distribution for venues and have brought technology and expertise. Pop-up cinemas show films in temporary outdoor locations using mobile screens in the summer months.
Hollywood vs Indie
This document discusses new media technology and digital cinematography. It explains that new media refers to digital, computerized, or networked technologies that emerged in the late 20th century. Digital cinematography records footage onto tape, hard disks, or memory sticks instead of film. Major advantages include easier editing and the ability to see playback immediately.
Monday 22nd March
This document discusses new media technology and digital cinematography. It explains that new media refers to digital, computerized, or networked technologies that emerged in the late 20th century. Digital cinematography records footage onto tape, hard disks, or memory sticks instead of film. Major advantages include easier editing and the ability to see playback immediately.
Similar to How films are distributed (20)
Section b developments in 21st century cinema and film
Section b developments in 21st century cinema and film
Revision piracy, ownership, the digital age, proliferation of hardware
Revision piracy, ownership, the digital age, proliferation of hardware
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What is a short film?
A short film is defined as a motion picture that is 40 minutes or less. The most popular short film globally is "Tangled Ever After", which is a 6-minute Disney sequel to the successful feature film "Tangled". "Tangled Ever After" was popular because the original film was hugely successful, generating $200 million, leaving audiences wanting to see more of the beloved characters. As a musical sequel, it also featured popular songs that attracted viewers.
Music Magazine Evaluation - What have you learnt about technologies from the
The student learned several new technologies through creating a media project, including how to use a digital SLR camera, develop Photoshop skills like using layers and editing tools, scan documents, create a blog on WordPress, and leverage online programs like PowerPoint, YouTube and SlideShare. The internet proved crucial for research, seeing examples of similar magazines, and using programs to share work.
Purpose of a school magazine
The document discusses the purpose and key conventions of school magazines. A school magazine informs parents about recent events at the school and aims to impress parents to attract more students. It provides information about upcoming events and issues. Key conventions include a masthead with the school name and logo, photos of main events, and no barcode as school magazines are free. The magazine aims to engage readers with colorful designs and images related to the school.
7 groups of representation by Rachael and Talia
Stereotypes of gender, age, class, disability and region are commonly portrayed in media. Females are often shown as caring for family while males provide financially. Younger people may be associated with crime while elders are depicted as rude or boring. Working class characters are less intelligent with basic jobs while middle/upper classes are well-educated and wealthy. Disabilities are portrayed as making people weak outsiders. Regional identities are stereotyped through speech, costumes and lifestyle portrayals like Scots wearing kilts. These stereotypes influence perceptions but overgeneralize large groups of diverse people.
The nationwide project
The Nationwide Project was an influential media audience research project conducted by the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham. It involved analyzing how different people interpreted the same TV program based on their backgrounds. David Morley outlined three positions viewers might take: dominant, negotiated, or oppositional. A dominant reading fully accepts the program's intended meaning, while an oppositional reading rejects it using an alternative interpretation.
Verisimilitude
Verisimilitude refers to the appearance or semblance of truth in fictional stories or assertions. The document discusses how verisimilitude can be lost when fictional stories include unlikely elements, such as characters trying to kill themselves or firing weapons on the Titanic, as these types of inaccuracies make the story seem less believable. Maintaining verisimilitude, or a likeness to truth, is important for fictional stories to appear credible.
Research on magazines! media
Holly Sheldon has conducted research on various magazines ranging from those targeted at younger to older audiences and feminine to masculine interests. She is using an "inductive research" method to look for patterns across magazine types. As part of a school project, she analyzed a school-based magazine called "Pinch of Salt" and a music magazine called "Top of the Pops". The school magazine aims to inform and advertise to parents, using imagery of happy students and references to encouragement, progression and achievement. The music magazine targets tween girls age 8+ to inform and entertain, using feminine colors, imagery of pop stars, and language appealing to readers.
Representation of age skins
Skins is a television drama about British teenagers studying for their A-levels. It depicts various representations of adolescence through its characters, who engage in both problematic and positive behaviors typical of teenagers, such as getting into trouble but also supporting each other. In one scene, the teenage characters enter a pub and are met with displeasing looks from older patrons, seemingly because of stereotypes about youth. A fight then breaks out between the teens and older patrons, highlighting how both ages can engage in bad behavior. The show aims to portray different aspects of adolescence through an ensemble of characters with varying personalities and life experiences.
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Creating Immersive Language Learning Environments for Young Learners
ABSTRACT: Creating immersive language learning environments for young learners in English as a Foreign
Language (EFL) contexts has been a topic of considerable interest and debate among educators. Despite
numerous constraints such as time, curriculum, and stakeholder expectations, it is feasible to develop effective
immersive environments. This paper explores the concept of immersion language learning, tracing its historical
development and highlighting its benefits, particularly for young learners. It discusses the distinctions between
total, partial, and dual-immersion programs, emphasizing the critical role of using the target language as the
medium of instruction. Furthermore, it examines the cognitive and academic advantages documented in seminal
immersion programs like Saint-Lambert and Coral Way. By synthesizing research and offering practical
strategies for EFL settings, this paper underscores the importance of teacher commitment, the selection of
appropriate materials, and the adoption of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) principles.
Ultimately, the findings affirm that immersive environments significantly enhance language proficiency,
cognitive flexibility, and academic achievement, advocating for their broader implementation in EFL
classrooms.
KEYWORDS : CLIL, EFL, immersion, young learners
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CYBER SECURITY ENHANCEMENT IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF SIX STATES IN THE NORT...
ABSTRACT: Security plays an important role in human life and endeavors. Securing information and
disseminating are critical challenges in the present day. This study aimed at identifying innovative technologies
that aid cybercrimes and can constitute threats to cybersecurity in North Central (Middle Belt) Nigeria covering
its six States and the FCT Abuja. A survey research design was adopted. The researchers employed the use of
Google form in administering the structured questionnaire. The instruments were faced validated by one expert
each from ICT and security. Cronbach Alpha reliability Coefficient was employed and achieved 0.83 level of
coefficient. The population of the study was 200, comprising 100 undergraduate students from computer science
and Computer/Robotics Education, 80 ICT instructors, technologists and lecturers in the University and
Technical Colleges in the Middle Belt Nigeria using innovative technologies for their daily jobs and 20 officers
of the crime agency such as: Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC) andEconomic and Financial
Crimes Commission (EFCC). Three research purposes and questions as well as the hypothesis guided the study
on Five (5) point Likert scale. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the three
research questions while three hypotheses were tested using t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Major findings
revealed that serious steps are needed to better secure the cybers against cybercrimes. Motivation, types, threats
and strategies for the prevention of cybercrimes were identified. The study recommends that government,
organizations and individuals should place emphasis on moral development, regular training of its employees,
regular update of software, use strong password, back up data and information, produce strong cybersecurity
policy, install antivirus soft and security surveillance (CCTV) in offices in order to safeguard its employees and
properties from being hacked and vandalized.
KEYWORDS: Cybersecurity, cybercrime, cyberattack, cybercriminal, computer virus, Virtual Private Networks
(VPN).
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校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(lu毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(lu毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(lu毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(lu毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
On Storytelling & Magic Realism in Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children, Shame, and ...
ABSTRACT: Salman Rushdie’s novels are humorous books about serious times. His cosmopolitanism and
hybrid identity allowed him access to multiple cultures, religions, languages, dialects, and various modes of
writing. His style is often classified as magic realism, blending the imaginary with the real. He draws
inspiration from both English literature and Indian classical sources. Throughout his works, there is a lineage of
‘bastards of history’, a carnival of shameful characters scrolling all along his works. Rushdie intertwines fiction
with reality, incorporating intertextual references to Western literature in his texts, and frequently employing
mythology to explore history. This paper focuses on Rushdie’s three novels: Midnight’s Children, Shame, and
Haroun and the Sea of Stories, analyzing his postmodern storytelling techniques that aim to explore human
vices and follies while offering socio-political criticism.
KEYWORDS : Magic Realism, Rushdie, Satire, Storytelling, Transfictional Identities
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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办理(uon毕业证书)澳洲纽卡斯尔大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
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TACKLING ILLEGAL LOGGING: PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES
ABSTRACT: Illegal logging poses significant environmental, economic, and social challenges worldwide. This
research explores the problems associated with illegal logging in the present and future, shedding light on the
multifaceted nature of this issue and the accompanying challenges faced by governments, organizations, and
communities. The study employs a comprehensive literature review to analyze the current state of illegal
logging, its causes, and its consequences. It examines the environmental impact of deforestation, including
biodiversity loss, habitat degradation, and climate change. The researchers identify the challenges faced in
combating illegal logging in the present and anticipate future obstacles. It considers illegal logging networks'
complex and elusive nature, the limited enforcement capacity, and the need for international cooperation and
coordination. The study also examines the adoption and effectiveness of policies, regulations, and technological
advancements in curbing illegal logging practices in Davao City.
Keywords -Problems and Challenges, Cultural Disruptions, Anticipate future problems.
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：176555708】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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办理加州州立大学长滩分校毕业证（CSULB学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理加州州立大学长滩分校毕业证（CSULB学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
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The Influence of Green Tax Implementation and Social Responsibility Programs ...
ABSTRACT : The issue of climate change related to carbon emissions has become an alarming global
phenomenon. The manufacturing sector contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore,
efforts to mitigate climate change through the implementation of green taxes and Social Responsibility
Programsare important for manufacturing industry. This research aims to analyze the effect of implementing
green tax and Social Responsibility Programs on environmentally sustainable development in manufacturing
industry. A quantitative approach is used with the research object of manufacturing industry listed on the
Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020-2022. Analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The research
results show that the implementation of green tax has a significant effect on environmentally sustainable
development, while Social Responsibility Programsdo not have a significant effect. These findings indicate that
green tax policies are effective in encouraging companies to switch to more environmentally friendly business
practices, but Social Responsibility Programshave not been fully integrated with environmental sustainability
efforts. This research contributes to the literature related to fiscal policy instruments and corporate social
responsibility practices in supporting environmentally sound sustainable development in the manufacturing
sector.
KEYWORDS: Green tax; Social responsibility; Environmentally sustainable development; Manufacturing
industry
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【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：176555708】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校毕业证（UCSD学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校毕业证（UCSD学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校毕业证（UCSD学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校毕业证（UCSD学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
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The Influence of Green Tax Implementation and Social Responsibility Programs ...
How films are distributed
- 1. How films are distributed (FDA) By Rachael Sampson
- 2. Definition of film distribution • The distribution of a film (or movie) is the process through which a movie is made available to watch for an audience by a film distributor. This task may be accomplished in a variety of ways; for example, with a theatrical release, a home entertainment release (in which the movie is made available on DVD- Video or Blu-ray Disc) or a television program for broadcast syndication and may include digital distribution.
- 3. More recently, digital soundtracks have enhanced the audio experience, while computer graphics imagery (CGI) is often added in post-production to realise spectacular effects. Today, most films are edited and mastered on digital equipment; a few, such as George Lucas's latest Star Wars episodes, are even shot using high-definition digital cameras, rather than being photographed on film.
- 4. D-Cinema Film distributors - the companies that release movies and market them to the public - will benefit if there are substantial reductions in the costs of duplicating film prints and transporting them to cinemas. The UK is one of the most expensive markets in the world in which to release a film. FDA members spend approximately £125m a year on prints, duplicated in high-tech laboratories. A digitally produced or converted film could be delivered quickly and reliably via disc (a much smaller, cheaper physical medium than a 35mm print), fibre optic cable or satellite - triggering a huge systems change for the whole industry.