How does the Drosophila embryo get its pair-rule stripes? How is the evenskipped enhancer
build to ensure transcription of even-skipped in stripes? Use the even-skipped stripe 2 enhancer
as an example. Describe in general terms the inputs of transcription factors, and how the
embryonic expression domains of these factors are generated in the Drosophila embryo.
Solution
Initially,12 nuclear divisions take place which result in a multinucleate syncitium which is an
early drosophilla embryo; formation of pole cells take place followed by cellularization and
gastrulation. During gastrulation, extension of germ band takes place driving the posterior trunk
regions around the posterior end and the dorsal side, here the first signs of segmentation are seen.
At the syncitial blastoderm stage anterior-posterior and dorso-ventral axes get fully established.
Maternal factors in the form of mRNAs and proteins specify the anterior-posterior axis of the
embryo and the dorso-ventral aspect is governed by the localization of maternal proteins within
the envelope of egg vitelline and the positional information.
Even skipped acts as a transcriptional repressor of numerous genes.There is a combination of
maternal factors, transcription activators, and repressors, which defines each stripe of eve already
patterned in the egg either prior to fertilization or prior to cellularization.There are regional
specific enhancers which governs the stripe pattern of eve transcription.A stripe-specific
enhancer regulate each stripe. As seen in the case of eve stripe 2,in the range of -1.5 and -1.0 kb
upstream from the eve start site a minimal stripe 2 enhancer has been identified which assures
eve transcription in the second pair rule stripe.
Reference
1. Wolpert,L., Tickle, C., & Arias, A,M. (2015).Principles of development. Oxford: Oxford
university press.
2. Jiang, P., Ludwig, M. Z., Kreitman, M. and Reinitz, J. (2015). Natural variation of the
expression pattern of the segmentation gene even-skipped in melanogaster. Dev Biol [Epub
ahead of print]. PubMed ID: 26129990.
cell lineage , cell fate - diverse class of cell fate, cell fate in plant meristem, mammalian development cell fate, nutritional effects on epigenetics, epigenetics of plants,
control of cell fate.
cell lineage , cell fate - diverse class of cell fate, cell fate in plant meristem, mammalian development cell fate, nutritional effects on epigenetics, epigenetics of plants,
control of cell fate.
In this PPT I completed that interesting topic , molecular embryology discussing this time molecular regulation of some other systems in the developing embryo, wishing that I could make this as simple as possible.
In this PPT I completed that interesting topic In this PPT I completed that interesting topic , molecular embryology discussing this time molecular regulation of some other systems in the developing embryo, wishing that I could make this as simple as possible.
Early Development and Axis Formation in Amphibians 1 What i.pdfinfo878313
Early Development and Axis Formation in Amphibians 1. What is the grey crescent and what is its
relationship to the sperm entry point and future embryonic axes? What embryological experiments
revealed a role for cortical rotation and "grey crescent cytoplasm" in axis specification? 2. What
data indicate that all three germ layers are specified in the blastula? What are the differences
between dorsal and ventral mesodermal derivatives and what cellular interactions are required for
their specification? 3. What are the properties of the amphibian organizer? What key
embryological experiment demonstrated its existence? How is the organizer itself specified? 4.
How do BMP and canonical Wnt signals pattern the mesoderm and ectoderm during gastrulation
and what specific roles does the organizer have in modulating these signals? Be sure to cite
experimental data to support your arguments. 5. Compare and contrast the cell movements used
in Xenopus and sea urchin gastrulation. Be sure to include the following terms: convergent
extension, epiboly, intercalation, invagination, ingression, archenteron, bottle cells and
mesenchyme..
Developmental cascade of morphogens Define Drosophila Body PlanDouglas Easton
The expression of genes in specific regions of the early Drosophila embryo determine the anterior-posterior and dorso-ventral axes of the organism. Expression of these genes are both spatially and temporally coordinated.
A Review on Genetic Dominant Disorder-Polydactylyijtsrd
Polydactyly is genetic disorder in which there is mutation of gene that is located on short arm of chromosome 7. One gene that can cause polydactyly is GLI3 and it is one among number of genes that are known to be involved in the patterning of tissues and organs during development of the embryo. Mutations of GLI3 gene during development will cause two types of polydactyly. Those are postaxial ulnar and preaxial radial polydactyly. The treatment plan is based on the outcome of analysis of patients medical history, social history, motivation, social and psychological disturbance. Akshata. B. Kichadi | Dr. Uma B Gopal | Santhosh Singarapu | Chaitra. S | Manukrishnan. K | Jeevankumar. Giri "A Review on Genetic Dominant Disorder-Polydactyly" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20232.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/anatomy/20232/a-review-on-genetic-dominant-disorder-polydactyly/akshata-b-kichadi
Astrocytes Play a Key Role in Drosophila Mushroom Body Axon PruningNethravathi Siri
Axon pruning is an evolutionarily conserved strategy used to remodel neuronal connections during development. The Drosophila mushroom body (MB) undergoes neuronal remodeling in a highly stereotypical and tightly regulated manner, however many open questions remain. Although it has been previously shown that glia instruct pruning by secreting a TGFb ligand, myoglianin, which primes MB neurons for fragmentation and also later engulf the axonal debris once fragmentation has been completed, which glia subtypes participate in these processes as well as the molecular details are unknown. Here we show that, unexpectedly, astrocytes are the major glial subtype that is responsible for the clearance of MB axon debris following fragmentation, even though they represent only a minority of glia in the MB area during remodeling. Furthermore, we show that astrocytes both promote fragmentation of MB axons as well as clear axonal debris and that this process is mediated by ecdysone signaling in the astrocytes themselves. In addition, we found that blocking the expression of the cell engulfment receptor Draper in astrocytes only affects axonal debris clearance. Thereby we uncoupled the function of astrocytes in promoting axon fragmentation to that of clearing axonal debris after fragmentation has been completed. our study finds a novel role for astrocytes in the mb and suggests two separate pathways in which they affect
developmental axon pruning.
Introduction
About Drosophila
Genome of Drosophila
Life cycle
Differentiation
Development of Drosophila
* Embryonic development
* Dorsal -ventral and
* Anterior posterior development
* Body segmentation
* Homeotic gene
Conclusion
Reference
please show stepsworking thanks Simplify Sin theta (cosec theta - s.pdfdeepakarora871
please show steps/working thanks Simplify Sin theta (cosec theta - sin theta) to a single
trigonometric ratio.
Solution
sin theta ( cosec theta - sin theta )
cosec theta = 1/ sin theta
so we can write
sin theta ( 1 / sin theta - sin theta )
= sin theta ( 1 - sin^2 theta / sin theta )
= ( 1- sin^2 theta )
1 - sin^2 theta = cos^2 theta ( by trigonometric identity )
= cos^2 theta.
mutations in the LDL receptor are linked to familial hypercholestero.pdfdeepakarora871
mutations in the LDL receptor are linked to familial hypercholesterolemia. there are 5 classes of
familial hypercholesterolemia that are characterized by a specific defect in LDL receptor
synthesis, trafficking or function. Hypothesize on the 5 different causes of this disease.
Solution
Familial hypercholesterolemia ( FH) is a Type II hyperlipoproteinemia caused by decreased
number of normal LDL (LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS) receptors due to the mutation in
LDLR gene. The condition is marked by elevated LDL - a compound that regulates the synthesis
and transport of cholesterol in the body, causing high cholesterol levels in the blood. This may
put individuals at an increased risk of heart attacks.
Types of FH
Heterozygous FH is the most common type and affects 1 in 500 individuals where the
individuals have premature cardiovascular disease at the age of 30-40.
Homozygous FH occurs in 1 in a million births and is usually seen in children.
LDL receptor (LDLR):
Defects in LDLR are functionally divided into 5 classes depending on the impact of mutation:
Class 1
Class 1 mutations affect the synthesis of the receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In other
words, receptor is not synthesized.
Class 2
Class 2 mutation in LDLR prevents it\'s transportation from endoplasmic reticulum to golgi
complex ( for modification of the receptor and it\'s expression on cell surface).
Class 3
In class 3 mutation the receptor has difficulty in binding to the LDL on cell surface.
Class 4
In this mutation LDLR binds to LDL, but does not cluster in clathrin coated vesicles for receptor
mediated endocytosis.
Class 5
The receptor donot circulate back to cell surface..
More Related Content
Similar to How does the Drosophila embryo get its pair-rule stripes How is the .pdf
In this PPT I completed that interesting topic , molecular embryology discussing this time molecular regulation of some other systems in the developing embryo, wishing that I could make this as simple as possible.
In this PPT I completed that interesting topic In this PPT I completed that interesting topic , molecular embryology discussing this time molecular regulation of some other systems in the developing embryo, wishing that I could make this as simple as possible.
Early Development and Axis Formation in Amphibians 1 What i.pdfinfo878313
Early Development and Axis Formation in Amphibians 1. What is the grey crescent and what is its
relationship to the sperm entry point and future embryonic axes? What embryological experiments
revealed a role for cortical rotation and "grey crescent cytoplasm" in axis specification? 2. What
data indicate that all three germ layers are specified in the blastula? What are the differences
between dorsal and ventral mesodermal derivatives and what cellular interactions are required for
their specification? 3. What are the properties of the amphibian organizer? What key
embryological experiment demonstrated its existence? How is the organizer itself specified? 4.
How do BMP and canonical Wnt signals pattern the mesoderm and ectoderm during gastrulation
and what specific roles does the organizer have in modulating these signals? Be sure to cite
experimental data to support your arguments. 5. Compare and contrast the cell movements used
in Xenopus and sea urchin gastrulation. Be sure to include the following terms: convergent
extension, epiboly, intercalation, invagination, ingression, archenteron, bottle cells and
mesenchyme..
Developmental cascade of morphogens Define Drosophila Body PlanDouglas Easton
The expression of genes in specific regions of the early Drosophila embryo determine the anterior-posterior and dorso-ventral axes of the organism. Expression of these genes are both spatially and temporally coordinated.
A Review on Genetic Dominant Disorder-Polydactylyijtsrd
Polydactyly is genetic disorder in which there is mutation of gene that is located on short arm of chromosome 7. One gene that can cause polydactyly is GLI3 and it is one among number of genes that are known to be involved in the patterning of tissues and organs during development of the embryo. Mutations of GLI3 gene during development will cause two types of polydactyly. Those are postaxial ulnar and preaxial radial polydactyly. The treatment plan is based on the outcome of analysis of patients medical history, social history, motivation, social and psychological disturbance. Akshata. B. Kichadi | Dr. Uma B Gopal | Santhosh Singarapu | Chaitra. S | Manukrishnan. K | Jeevankumar. Giri "A Review on Genetic Dominant Disorder-Polydactyly" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20232.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/anatomy/20232/a-review-on-genetic-dominant-disorder-polydactyly/akshata-b-kichadi
Astrocytes Play a Key Role in Drosophila Mushroom Body Axon PruningNethravathi Siri
Axon pruning is an evolutionarily conserved strategy used to remodel neuronal connections during development. The Drosophila mushroom body (MB) undergoes neuronal remodeling in a highly stereotypical and tightly regulated manner, however many open questions remain. Although it has been previously shown that glia instruct pruning by secreting a TGFb ligand, myoglianin, which primes MB neurons for fragmentation and also later engulf the axonal debris once fragmentation has been completed, which glia subtypes participate in these processes as well as the molecular details are unknown. Here we show that, unexpectedly, astrocytes are the major glial subtype that is responsible for the clearance of MB axon debris following fragmentation, even though they represent only a minority of glia in the MB area during remodeling. Furthermore, we show that astrocytes both promote fragmentation of MB axons as well as clear axonal debris and that this process is mediated by ecdysone signaling in the astrocytes themselves. In addition, we found that blocking the expression of the cell engulfment receptor Draper in astrocytes only affects axonal debris clearance. Thereby we uncoupled the function of astrocytes in promoting axon fragmentation to that of clearing axonal debris after fragmentation has been completed. our study finds a novel role for astrocytes in the mb and suggests two separate pathways in which they affect
developmental axon pruning.
Introduction
About Drosophila
Genome of Drosophila
Life cycle
Differentiation
Development of Drosophila
* Embryonic development
* Dorsal -ventral and
* Anterior posterior development
* Body segmentation
* Homeotic gene
Conclusion
Reference
please show stepsworking thanks Simplify Sin theta (cosec theta - s.pdfdeepakarora871
please show steps/working thanks Simplify Sin theta (cosec theta - sin theta) to a single
trigonometric ratio.
Solution
sin theta ( cosec theta - sin theta )
cosec theta = 1/ sin theta
so we can write
sin theta ( 1 / sin theta - sin theta )
= sin theta ( 1 - sin^2 theta / sin theta )
= ( 1- sin^2 theta )
1 - sin^2 theta = cos^2 theta ( by trigonometric identity )
= cos^2 theta.
mutations in the LDL receptor are linked to familial hypercholestero.pdfdeepakarora871
mutations in the LDL receptor are linked to familial hypercholesterolemia. there are 5 classes of
familial hypercholesterolemia that are characterized by a specific defect in LDL receptor
synthesis, trafficking or function. Hypothesize on the 5 different causes of this disease.
Solution
Familial hypercholesterolemia ( FH) is a Type II hyperlipoproteinemia caused by decreased
number of normal LDL (LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS) receptors due to the mutation in
LDLR gene. The condition is marked by elevated LDL - a compound that regulates the synthesis
and transport of cholesterol in the body, causing high cholesterol levels in the blood. This may
put individuals at an increased risk of heart attacks.
Types of FH
Heterozygous FH is the most common type and affects 1 in 500 individuals where the
individuals have premature cardiovascular disease at the age of 30-40.
Homozygous FH occurs in 1 in a million births and is usually seen in children.
LDL receptor (LDLR):
Defects in LDLR are functionally divided into 5 classes depending on the impact of mutation:
Class 1
Class 1 mutations affect the synthesis of the receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In other
words, receptor is not synthesized.
Class 2
Class 2 mutation in LDLR prevents it\'s transportation from endoplasmic reticulum to golgi
complex ( for modification of the receptor and it\'s expression on cell surface).
Class 3
In class 3 mutation the receptor has difficulty in binding to the LDL on cell surface.
Class 4
In this mutation LDLR binds to LDL, but does not cluster in clathrin coated vesicles for receptor
mediated endocytosis.
Class 5
The receptor donot circulate back to cell surface..
Name at least three ancillary departments in a hospital that dire.pdfdeepakarora871
Name at least three ancillary departments in a hospital that directly support the OR and its
procedures.
Name at least three ancillary departments in a hospital that directly support the OR and its
procedures.
Solution
OR = Operating Room
So the different types of departments are 1. Diagonastic ancillary department and 2. Theraupatic
ancillary department
Within diagonastic
1. Radiology
2. Audiology
3. Pulmonary Services
Use OR.
Linear Algebra QuestionI have been trying at these for hours. I ca.pdfdeepakarora871
Linear Algebra Question
I have been trying at these for hours. I can\'t seem to get the right combo to get the answers
correct. Help!!
and
and (1 point) Which of the following operators in R2 are linear? OA. L(x (3, 10)
Solution
Part 1 :
Operators in
C and D are linear
Part 2:
Transformations B, C , D and F are linear
Part 3:
Transformations C, D and E are linear..
Match the following parts of an EKG with what part of the heartbeat t.pdfdeepakarora871
Match the following parts of an EKG with what part of the heartbeat they mark. Interval
between QRS & T waves QRS wave P Wave T Wave Interval between P & QRS waves Match
the following techniques with what they measure. Auscultation Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Sphygmomanometer Volume Pulse Recording
Solution
QRS WAVE - Ventricular depolarisation
P Wave - atrial depolarisation
T Wave - Ventricular repolarisation
The first deflection, the P wave, corresponds to current flows during atrial depolarisation. The
second deflection, the QRS complex, occurring approximately 0.15 s later, is the result of
ventricular depolarisation. It is a complex deflection because the paths taken by the wave of
depolarisation through the thick ventricular walls differ from instant to instant, and the currents
generated in the body fluids change direction accordingly. The final deflection, the T wave, is a
result of ventricular repolarisation.
Ausculation : Ausculation is the process of listening to sounds. Direct method uses only the ear
while the indirect method uses stethoscope to hear the sounds.
Electrocardiogram : Electrocardiogram is primarily a tool for evaluating the electrical events
within the heart. The action potentials of cardiac muscle cells can be viewed as batteries that
cause charge to move throughout the body fluids. These moving charges represent the sum of the
action potentials occurring simultaneously in many individual cells and can be detected by
recroording electrodes at the surface of the skin.
Sphygmomanometer : Sphygmomanometer is a device used to measure the blood pressure in the
arteries.
Volume pulse recording : Recording of the segmental flowing of blood in the limb as a result of
changes in the blood volume during cardiac cycle..
Let X = U+V, U is exponentially distributed with mean = 2 and V is a.pdfdeepakarora871
Let X = U+V, U is exponentially distributed with mean = 2 and V is a Poisson random variable
with mean 3, U and V are independent. Find Mx(t).
Solution
Let
E(U)= 1/r
which is the known mean for an exponential function,
then In the context of the Poisson process, the parameter r is known as the rate of the process. On
average, there are 1 r time units between arrivals, so the arrivals come at an average rate of r per
unit time.
Now
Mx(t)= 1/r + rp/2
= 2+ 3/2
2.5.
Lets try to summarize Darwins observations that drive changes in .pdfdeepakarora871
Let\'s try to summarize Darwin\'s observations that drive changes in species over time: From
these four observations, which two inferences did Darwin make?
Solution
Observation
Cite and Example
1. Variations in traits exist.
We can see variation in different skin colors of humans, Asian ladybird beetles show variation in
color and spot patterns, humans has variations in their eye color, and snail will have different
colored shell.
2.These variations (traits) are heritable
Parents will pass on their characteristics through heritability, like passing sex-linked traits which
are located on genes to their offspring.
For example, because of the passing of variation to offspring, the variation observed in offspring
will make them to look related to close relatives more when compared to other members of
population.
3. Species overproduce.
Some species will overproduce. thousands of seeds are produced by Dandelion, Fish will lay
millions of eggs and puffball fungus will overproduce the offspring
4. There is competition for resources; not all offspring survive.
Not all these offspring produced by the above organisms will survive. It might be due to
predation, lack of resources, and lack of favorable environment. So only those which can make
use of resources and escape from predation will survive.
. From these four observations, what two inferences did Darwin make?
1. Darwin was able to make an inference that offspring which has inherited better traits will have
better chance to survive and reproduce in the provided environment and only these will have
chance to produce more offspring than other individuals, and the offspring from these fit
organism will also thrive well.
2. Because of the tough competition, only individual equipped with better skills or ability will
have the chance to survive and reproduce, thus over the generation, only favorable traits will be
passing onto the future generation leading to their accumulation.
Observation
Cite and Example
1. Variations in traits exist.
We can see variation in different skin colors of humans, Asian ladybird beetles show variation
in color and spot patterns, humans has variations in their eye color, and snail will have different
colored shell.
2.These variations (traits) are heritable
Parents will pass on their characteristics through heritability, like passing sex-linked traits which
are located on genes to their offspring.
For example, because of the passing of variation to offspring, the variation observed in offspring
will make them to look related to close relatives more when compared to other members of
population.
3. Species overproduce.
Some species will overproduce. thousands of seeds are produced by Dandelion, Fish will lay
millions of eggs and puffball fungus will overproduce the offspring
4. There is competition for resources; not all offspring survive.
Not all these offspring produced by the above organisms will survive. It might be due to
predation, lack of resources, and lack of favorable.
In a single-phase region of a p-v-T diagram, which of the following a.pdfdeepakarora871
In a single-phase region of a p-v-T diagram, which of the following are sets of independent
properties? T and u p and v p and T x and T u and v T and v Which of the following are true
about a \"simple compressible system\"? It can be composed of any phases of a substance: solid,
liquid, and/or gas It cannot be a mixture of different substances (e.g. oxygen and nitrogent)
Magnetization is a relevant reversible work mode It\'s state is specified if given two
independent, intensive thermodynamic properties It\'s only relevant reversible work mode is
associated with expansion or compression It may not have any heat transfer to or from the
system
Solution
its state is specified if given two independent ,intensive thermodynamic properties..
If the CFTR doesnt work correctly due to a mutation, Cl^- movement .pdfdeepakarora871
If the CFTR doesn\'t work correctly due to a mutation, Cl^- movement is blocked and an
abnormally thick sticky mucus is produced on the outside of the cell. This mucus clogs the
airways in the lungs, and increases the risk of infection by bacteria. Figure 2 illustrates a mutant
CFTR channel in the epithelial cells lining the lung. Suppose the Na^+ channel in the figure was
open. Why would more Na^+ enter a cell with mutant CFTR than a cell with normal CFTR?
How is solute composition of the mucus layer (outside of cell) affected by mutant CFTR? What
membrane protein not shown in this diagram would be important for maintaining ion
homeostasis, and why is it important?
Solution
.....Suppose the Na+ channel in the figure was open, why would more Na enter the cell with
mutant CFTR.....
Explain the difference between an assumption and a constraint.So.pdfdeepakarora871
Explain the difference between an assumption and a constraint.
Solution
Assumptions are factors that for planning use are measured to be true real or certain without
proof or demonstration Constraints are distinct as the state, quality, or sense of being that will
affect the presentation of the project or a procedure There are a lot of layers of semantic
challenge between the user practice and architecture Ideally semantic interoperability is stranded
in your enterprise architecture apart from of the stage of sophistication of your activity
architecture Semantic interoperatibility is a problem of degree some of layer are interoperatable
at the activity stage and others may be at a local stage Some layer may be universal beyond the
activity and others are by description partial to the enterprise.
Each group should plot on graph paper the ½ life of the radioisotope.pdfdeepakarora871
Each group should plot on graph paper the ½ life of the radioisotopes using the special graph
paper supplied by the teacher. The y-axis has a log scale and begins at 100% of the parent
radioisotope present; the next point is 100/ 2, or 50% parent radioisotope present; the next point
is 50/2, or 25%; and so on.). For example, if the ratio of C-14 to C-13 is 1:3 than the fossil is
how old? 5600 +5600. Correct? For each of the radioisotopes listed above, make a radiometric
graph going to 3 half-lives. Be sure to make one graph using uranium-lead and potassium-argon
dating to one half life. This will become useful later. Why?
Uranium-Lead dating method
Very careful measurements in laboratories, made on VERY LARGE numbers of U-235 atoms,
have shown that each of the atoms has a 50:50 chance of decaying during about 704,000,000
years. In other words, during 704 million years, half the U-235 atoms that existed at the
beginning of that time will decay to Pb-207. This is known as the half life of U- 235. Many
elements have some isotopes that are unstable, essentially because they have too many neutrons
to be balanced by the number of protons in the nucleus. Each of these unstable isotopes has its
own characteristic half life. Some half lives are several billion years long, and others are as short
as a ten-thousandth of a second.
The uranium-lead radiometric dating scheme has been refined to the point that the error margin
in dates of rocks can be as low as less than two million years in two-and-a-half billion years. An
error margin of 2–5% has been achieved on younger Mesozoic rocks.
One of its great advantages is that any sample provides two clocks, one based on uranium-235\'s
decay to lead-207 with a half-life of about 700 million years, and one based on uranium-238\'s
decay to lead-206 with a half-life of about 4.5 billion years, providing a built-in crosscheck that
allows accurate determination of the age of the sample even if some of the lead has been lost.
Potassium-argon dating method
This involves electron capture or positron decay of potassium-40 to argon-40. Potassium-40 has
a half-life of 1.3 billion years, and so this method is applicable to the oldest rocks. Radioactive
potassium-40 is common in micas, feldspars, and hornblendes, though the closure temperature is
fairly low in these materials, about 125°C (mica) to 450°C (hornblende).
#1-23 meters deep from top of hill (limestone)
#2-18 meters deep from top of hill (limestone/volcanic ash)
#3-34 meters deep from base of hill (sandstone)
#4-39 meters deep from top of hill (sandstone)
#5- 50 meters deep from bottom of hill (slate)
#6-26 meters deep (limestone)
#7-10 meters into hill (basalt)
#8-50 meters deep from base of hill (pegmatite)
#9- 3 meters deep into hill (erosion surface of limestone)
#10-52 meters deep from top of hill (pegmatite)
#11- on bank of stream (in shale)
#12- from base of hill 63 meters deep (in granite)
#13-47 meters deep from base of hill (pegmatite)
#14- 2 meters de.
Dr. Liu did a genetic screen for yeast cells that fail to synthesize .pdfdeepakarora871
Dr. Liu did a genetic screen for yeast cells that fail to synthesize leucine (ie. leu^-). She first
exposed the yeast cells to X-ray and then she plated the cells on to a plate containing complete
medium. Then she replicated (using replicate plating technique) the colonies from the complete
medium onto two new plates (plate A and B). Indicate medium type in A and B plate and how
will she find the colony that is Leu- by comparing the colonies on A and B plates?
Solution
Replica plating technique identifies the nutritional auxotrophs by growing the microbes on
complete and minimal media. The complete media contain all the nutrients required for growth
and development of microbe uder study. The minimal media contain all but one nutrient for
which the microbe is supposed to be auxotroph. In the given question, Dr grows the colonies on
plate A (containing complete media) and plate B (containing media that lack leucine). The
auxotrophs which fail to synthesize leucine can grow on the plate A having complete media only.
The colonies of these auxotrophs are absent on the plate B with minimal media which does not
supplement the requirement of leucine by the auxotrophs. This is how, she can find out the Leu-
colonies on the plate A..
Children with Down Syndrome generally show a pattern of retarded men.pdfdeepakarora871
Children with Down Syndrome generally show a pattern of retarded mental development,
although some achieve higher intellectual levels than others. The intellectual achievements of
Down Syndrome children have been studied by numerous investigations, and several different
types of chromosomal abnormalities associated with the syndrome have been identified. Two
such abnormalities are called trisomy 21 and mosaicism. The levels of intellectual functioning of
trisomy 21 and Mosaic Down Syndrome were compared in the paper
Solution
H0: mu1 = mu2
Ha: mu1 >mu2
Right tailed test at 0.05
The T-value is 3.546415. The P-Value is 0.00039. The result is significant at p < 0.05..
Choose the statement that describes the first stage of phagocytosis .pdfdeepakarora871
Choose the statement that describes the first stage of phagocytosis Phagocytes form
pseudopodia at the site of inflammation in order to grab the invading microbe Phagocytes move
with deliberation along a gradient of stimulatory products at the site of injury Phagocytes make
their way to an inflammatory site by random chance Phagocytes release substances to attack the
extracellular microbe
Solution
Answer b: Phagocytes move with delibration along a gradient of stimulatory products at the site
of injury
Reason: Chemotaxis is the movement of phagocytes toward an increasing concentration of some
attractant such as bacterial factors (bacterial proteins, capsules, LPS, peptidoglycan, teichoic
acids, etc.), complement proteins (C5a), chemokines (chemotactic cytokines such as interleukin-
8 secreted by various cells), fibrin split products, kinins, and phospholipids released by injured
host cells..
Are logarithms prolems used for career jobsSolutionLogarithmi.pdfdeepakarora871
Are logarithms prolems used for career jobs?
Solution
Logarithmic (and exponential) functions are widely used in describing economic and physical
phenomenon such as compound interest, population growth, memory retention, decay of
radioactive materials. Instances are: a logarithmic function can be sued to relate the weight of an
animal and its lowest galloping speed. Sensation of sound in human ear is logarithmic to its
loudness. Scales to measure sound (decibel) is therefore, logarithmic. So is the scale used to
measure the magnitude of earthquakes, i.e. the Richter scale.
There are many careers that use exponential and logarithmic functions. Examples of such careers
include: astronomer, psychologist , archaeologist, forensic scientist, seismologist etc..
All based on Zybooks = AP Java with zylabsPlease answer all questi.pdfdeepakarora871
All based on Zybooks = AP Java with zylabs
Please answer all questions - no explanation of answers needed
QUESTION 1
char[][] table = new char[10][5];
How many rows are in the array seen in the accompanying figure?
0
5
10
15
QUESTION 2
The standard output object in Java is ____.
output
System.out
Sys.out
System.in
QUESTION 3
The length of the string \"first java program\" is:
16
18
19
20
1 points
QUESTION 4
The loop condition of a while loop is reevaluated before every iteration of the loop.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 5
If str1 is “Hello” and str2 is “Hi”, which of the following could not be a result of
str1.compareTo(str2);?
-9
-5
-1
1
1 points
QUESTION 6
Both System.out.println and System.out.print can be used to output a string on the standard
output device.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 7
In a method call statement, when passing an array as an actual parameter, you use only its name.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 8
Which of the following is true about a while loop?
The body of the loop is executed at least once.
The logical expression controlling the loop is evaluated before the loop is entered and after the
loop exists.
The body of the loop may not execute at all.
It is a post-test loop
1 points
QUESTION 9
int x, y;
if (x < 4)
y = 2;
else if (x > 4)
{
if (x > 7)
y = 4;
else
y = 6;
}
else
y = 8;
Based on the code above, what is the value of y if x = 9?
2
4
6
8
1 points
QUESTION 10
The array index can be any nonnegative integer less than the array size.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 11
When a program executes, the first statement to execute is always the first statement in the main
method.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 12
Java stores two-dimensional arrays in a row order form in computer memory.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 13
The statement dataType[][][] arrayName; would declare a two-dimensional array.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 14
All the methods defined in a class must have different names.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 15
Which of the following is NOT a reserved word in Java?
double
throws
static
num
1 points
QUESTION 16
Given the declaration
int[] list = new int[50];
the statement
System.out.println(list[0] + \"...\" + list[49]);
outputs all 50 components of the array list.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 17
In the case of an infinite while loop, the while expression (that is, the loop condition) is always
true.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 18
Consider the following program.
public class CircleArea
{
static Scanner console = new Scanner(System.in);
static final double PI = 3.14;
public static void main(String[]args)
{
doubler;
double area;
r = console.nextDouble();
area = PI * r * r;
System.out.println(\"Area = \" + area);
}
}
To successfully compile this program, which of the following import statement is required?
import java.io.Scanner;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.lang.Scanner;
No import statement is required
1 points
QUESTION 19
An identifier can be any sequence of characters and integers.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 20
A .
a) The following is a list of terms to do with how digital informati.pdfdeepakarora871
a) The following is a list of terms to do with how digital information is communicated between
parts of a PLC and with external items such as programming panels and computers. Write a brief
description of each and outline the advantages and disadvantages of each.
i. Twisted pair.
ii. Coaxial cable.
iii. Fibre optics
Solution.
5. What is the difference between mutually exclusive alternatives and.pdfdeepakarora871
5. What is the difference between mutually exclusive alternatives and independent projects? (10
points)
Solution
An Independent Project is a project whose cash flows are not affected by the accept/reject
decision for other projects. Thus, all Independent Projects which meet the Capital Budgeting
critierion should be accepted. Mutually Exclusive Projects are a set of projects from which at
most one will be accepted..
“Our solar system is a molecule on a snowflake on the tip of the ice.pdfdeepakarora871
“Our solar system is a molecule on a snowflake on the tip of the iceberg that is the rest of the
universe.”
Is this correct? Demonstrate how you determined this.
Solution
Yeh this is correct
Star-forming clouds like this one are dynamic and evolving structures. Since the stars trace the
straight line pattern of spokes of a wheel, scientists believe that these are newborn stars, or
\"protostars.\" At a mere 100,000 years old, these infant structures have yet to \"crawl\" away
from their location of birth. Over time, the natural drifting motions of each star will break this
order, and the snowflake design will be no more..
write the exponential decay function 15. Paleontology Carbon-14 i.pdfdeepakarora871
write the exponential decay function 15. Paleontology Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of
carbon that is used to date fossils. There are about 1.5 atoms of carbon-14 for every trillion
atoms of carbon in the atmosphere which known as 1.5 ppt (parts per trillion). Carbon in a living
organism has the same concentration as carbon-14. When an organism dies, the carbon, 14
content decays at a rate of i 1.4% per millennium (1000 years). Write the equation for carbon-14
concentration (in ppt) as a function of time (in millennia) and determine how old a fossil must be
that has a measured concentration of 0.2 ppt.
Solution
Intial amount of C-14 = 1.5 ppt
decay rate = 11.4%= 0.114
So, The decay equation can be given as:
N(t) = Noe^(-kt) where t is in millenia
N(t) = 1.5e^(-0.114t)
Now find time when N(t) = 0.2 ppt
0.2 = 1.5e^(-0.114t)
taking natural log on both sides:
ln(0.133) = -0.114t
t = 17.67 millenia to decay to 0.2 ppt.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How does the Drosophila embryo get its pair-rule stripes How is the .pdf
1. How does the Drosophila embryo get its pair-rule stripes? How is the evenskipped enhancer
build to ensure transcription of even-skipped in stripes? Use the even-skipped stripe 2 enhancer
as an example. Describe in general terms the inputs of transcription factors, and how the
embryonic expression domains of these factors are generated in the Drosophila embryo.
Solution
Initially,12 nuclear divisions take place which result in a multinucleate syncitium which is an
early drosophilla embryo; formation of pole cells take place followed by cellularization and
gastrulation. During gastrulation, extension of germ band takes place driving the posterior trunk
regions around the posterior end and the dorsal side, here the first signs of segmentation are seen.
At the syncitial blastoderm stage anterior-posterior and dorso-ventral axes get fully established.
Maternal factors in the form of mRNAs and proteins specify the anterior-posterior axis of the
embryo and the dorso-ventral aspect is governed by the localization of maternal proteins within
the envelope of egg vitelline and the positional information.
Even skipped acts as a transcriptional repressor of numerous genes.There is a combination of
maternal factors, transcription activators, and repressors, which defines each stripe of eve already
patterned in the egg either prior to fertilization or prior to cellularization.There are regional
specific enhancers which governs the stripe pattern of eve transcription.A stripe-specific
enhancer regulate each stripe. As seen in the case of eve stripe 2,in the range of -1.5 and -1.0 kb
upstream from the eve start site a minimal stripe 2 enhancer has been identified which assures
eve transcription in the second pair rule stripe.
Reference
1. Wolpert,L., Tickle, C., & Arias, A,M. (2015).Principles of development. Oxford: Oxford
university press.
2. Jiang, P., Ludwig, M. Z., Kreitman, M. and Reinitz, J. (2015). Natural variation of the
expression pattern of the segmentation gene even-skipped in melanogaster. Dev Biol [Epub
ahead of print]. PubMed ID: 26129990
![How does the Drosophila embryo get its pair-rule stripes? How is the evenskipped enhancer
build to ensure transcription of even-skipped in stripes? Use the even-skipped stripe 2 enhancer
as an example. Describe in general terms the inputs of transcription factors, and how the
embryonic expression domains of these factors are generated in the Drosophila embryo.
Solution
Initially,12 nuclear divisions take place which result in a multinucleate syncitium which is an
early drosophilla embryo; formation of pole cells take place followed by cellularization and
gastrulation. During gastrulation, extension of germ band takes place driving the posterior trunk
regions around the posterior end and the dorsal side, here the first signs of segmentation are seen.
At the syncitial blastoderm stage anterior-posterior and dorso-ventral axes get fully established.
Maternal factors in the form of mRNAs and proteins specify the anterior-posterior axis of the
embryo and the dorso-ventral aspect is governed by the localization of maternal proteins within
the envelope of egg vitelline and the positional information.
Even skipped acts as a transcriptional repressor of numerous genes.There is a combination of
maternal factors, transcription activators, and repressors, which defines each stripe of eve already
patterned in the egg either prior to fertilization or prior to cellularization.There are regional
specific enhancers which governs the stripe pattern of eve transcription.A stripe-specific
enhancer regulate each stripe. As seen in the case of eve stripe 2,in the range of -1.5 and -1.0 kb
upstream from the eve start site a minimal stripe 2 enhancer has been identified which assures
eve transcription in the second pair rule stripe.
Reference
1. Wolpert,L., Tickle, C., & Arias, A,M. (2015).Principles of development. Oxford: Oxford
university press.
2. Jiang, P., Ludwig, M. Z., Kreitman, M. and Reinitz, J. (2015). Natural variation of the
expression pattern of the segmentation gene even-skipped in melanogaster. Dev Biol [Epub
ahead of print]. PubMed ID: 26129990](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/howdoesthedrosophilaembryogetitspair-rulestripeshowisthe-230703181012-b50691d5/85/How-does-the-Drosophila-embryo-get-its-pair-rule-stripes-How-is-the-pdf-1-320.jpg)
