A hovercraft operates by using a lift motor to create higher pressure inside the hull than the surrounding atmospheric pressure, which generates lift. This reduces friction between the hull and the surface below, allowing forward motion with only a small amount of thrust provided by a separate thrust motor. Key components include the flexible skirt around the hull edge to guide the air cushion, and directional control systems like rudders controlled by servo motors. Hovercrafts can be used for transportation or military purposes by distributing weight evenly and controlling dynamics through principles of lift, thrust, torque and efficiency.

1. HOVERCRAFT

2. Basic Principle
 Has a hull.
 Inside that lift motor provides pressure greater than atmospheric
pressure.
 Because of the pressure difference it lifts.
 Friction gets reduce between ground and contacting surface.
 At this friction even a small thrust is enough for forward motion.
 Has a motor for providing thrust.
 Has a mechanism to changing direction of motion.

3. uses
 Mode of transport.
 Military purpose.

4. How it works

5. HOVERING
 Lift motor exerts pressure greater than atm pressure.
 Due to pressure difference body of hovercraft floats.
 This reduces friction and makes it easier for motion.

6. Importance of Skirt
 It guides the air pushed by hovering motor to form a air cushion.
 Must be flexible, untearable.
 Conical mount distributes air into skirt.

7. THRUST
 Provided by a thrust motor and a propeller.
 Propeller has twisted blade and cuts the air perpendicular to its axis
of rotation.
 And forcefully pushes the air into one direction.
 By newton’s third law body moves in other direction.

8. Centre Of Gravity
 CG must be approximately known.
 Knowledge of cg provides to cop up with toppling, spinning,turning
problems.
 Helps to distribute the weight for maintaining the smooth motion.

9. Direction changing mechanism
 Thrust would be unidirectional.
 two rudder mechanism,
 Concentrator pipe mechanism.
 Two prop mechanism.

10. DRAG
 It must be reduced for smooth motion of hovercraft.
 Extra assembled parts like servo motors, motor mount batteries,
rudder stabiliser etc increases drag.
 Aerodynamic shape of the model reduces drag.

11. Dynamics equations
1. Lift force = pressure diff. created by the motor x base hull area.
2.Newton’s third law used in thrust. F1= -F2
3.Torque principal used in the rudder to controlled motion.
T= length of the servo arm x Force
4. Efficiency increases due to decrease in friction force.
efficiency=output power/input power

12. PARTS

13. BODY/HULL
 Made up of card board and 4x sheet.
 Aerodynamically shaped.
 Can sustain generated thrust by hovering.
 Conical mount distribute air into hull.

14. Motors
 Hovering motor and thrust motor-BLDC Motors.
 Peripheral 4x sheet cover into hovering motor to prevent air
leakage.
 Servo motor for giving torque to rudder.
Motor Mount
 Provides safety to thrust motor in case of toppling and other
damages.
 Made up of cardboard.

15. Thrust concentrator
 Pipe acts as nozzle.
 Pushes air into backward direction forcefully.
 Due to reaction of that body moves in forward direction.
 Its movement is given by servo motors.

16. SKIRT
 Used material of an umbrella.
 Must be flexible.
 Must be untearable.

17. Radio-Controller

18. 3- cell Li-Po battery

19. Servo tester

20. Receiver

21. Thank you!
Submitted by-
R. Deekshit reddy
Prashant maida
V. Anirudh
Trilochan kumbhkar