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HouSecCon 2019: Offensive Security - Starting from Scratch
- 1. Offensive Security Transformation: Startingfrom Scratch Spencer Koch Offensive Security Leader, Securimancy Altaz Valani Cyber Security Researcher, Security Compass
- 2. Who We Are SpencerKoch Offensive Security Leader @sp3nx0r securimancy.com Altaz Valani Cyber Security Researcher, Security Compass securitycompass.com
- 3. This talk is: •Aimed at security leaders early on in the maturity curve • A cohesive storyboard for disparate capabilities that may already exist within SecOps teams • Pointers on what worked well and resources to start down this path • Both a practitioner and research perspective This talk is not: • Going to go deep in implementation or tooling details • Going to be news to anyone doing red teaming or having mature appsec capabilities About This Talk
- 4. How I structuredmy OffSec department: Application Security DevSecOps Security Champions Hardening Infra Vuln Management Red Team
- 5. You have inventoriesgalore...? • Application listing • Infrastructure • Crown jewels / risk rankings / BIAs You have a Dev Team...? You have a Blue Team...? You have permission to fire...? • Buy-in from leadership • Know where the fragile network bits are You aren't a jerk...? Huge Assumptions
- 6. Application Security (Appsec)Overview Design Requirements Dependency Checking Source Code Analysis Dynamic App Testing Gray Matter Testing http://safecode.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/SAFECode_Dev_Practices1108.pdf Require- ments Design Develop Build Test Deploy
- 7. • Doesn't work:Providing a long list of policies (be specific) • Begin with driving the right security requirements • Goal is traceable and reusable requirements into the DevOps pipeline • Don't start from scratch, fork and make your own • OWASP ASVS or NIST, pepper in regulatory reqs • Tie into your DevOps training • Establish de facto minimum standard against range of app architectures Design Requirements Design Requirements Dependency Checking Source Code Analysis Dynamic App Testing Gray Matter Testing https://github.com/OWASP/Top10 https://github.com/OWASP/ASVS/tree/master/4.0
- 8. • One smallstep into the business world... • Eventually need to convert 'policy speak' to 'DevOps speak' • Agile stories? Microsoft SDL? Custom? • Create a "policy to execution" pipeline for scaling • For large orgs, eventually extend policy to execution into services layer Design Requirements Business Risk Policies mitigate d by Procedures enforced through https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Security_Knowledge_Framework https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/CSWP/NIST.CSWP.04162018.pdf
- 9. • Dependency management •Start here! Easy, cheap, gateway drug • Built in Github, OSS like OWASP Dependency Check, freemium Snyk • Frameworks need patching just OSes do, don't forget about them • Linters / Code Quality • Easy mode checks: dangerous/deprecated functions, simple regexes, easy analytics • Lots of devs think this is enough • Examples: SonarQube, TSLint Source Code Analysis https://github.com/OWASP/Top10 https://github.com/OWASP/ASVS/tree/master/4.0 Design Requirements Dependency Checking Source Code Analysis Dynamic App Testing Gray Matter Testing
- 10. • Dedicated securityscanners, able to follow source to sink • Pay an arm/leg (money and resources) to get false positives • No one SAST to rule them all – and that's ok! • Give/take with UI, CI/CD integration, SaaS, languages, speed • Great SAST listing: https://github.com/mre/awesome- static-analysis • Hardest problem? Sizing for licenses (how's that inventory) Source Code Analysis - SAST
- 11. • How areyou pushing security defects to backlog? ALM Integrations • DO NOT PRINT TO PDF & CHUCK • Customize your own ruleset / criticality ranking • You will spend a lot of time here trying to get this right... Source Code Analysis Gotchas • Use those IDE integrations – devs don't want another tool
- 12. • Coding standardsfor the team: it should exist and include security topics! • Appsec team sets the structure (e.g. how to solve for input sanitization, output encoding, database interaction, authX, logging) • Dev teams fill in their language/framework specific ways of achieving these guidelines • Build secure libraries if devs' framework doesn't handle it! • Infrastructure as Code (IaC) also needs standards too • Leverage others' work! CERT, OWASP, something... Secure Coding Standards https://wiki.sei.cmu.edu/confluence/display/seccode https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Secure_Coding_Practices_Checklist
- 13. • Build onwhat is already done today (peer review? self review? no review?) • Define what needs to be reviewed: security features, APIs, code dealing with money/PII, first-of code using new framework/design/etc.) at a minimum • Keep it short! Don't kill them with checklists... • Code review notes become training vehicle • Architectural design decisions vs. syntax Code Reviews including Security!
- 14. • Requires compiledcode, comes later in SDLC cycle • Can be automated / integrated into CI/CD • Works via HTTP request/response - great for web/mobile apps & APIs • Catches a different & overlapping set of vulns from SAST • Fewer false positives, and triage effort generally less than SAST • What about WAF / virtual patching? Yep, do this... • What about IAST/RASP? Don't worry about it yet... Dynamic Application Testing (DAST) https://github.com/OWASP/Top10 https://github.com/OWASP/ASVS/tree/master/4.0 Design Requirements Dependency Checking Source Code Analysis Dynamic App Testing Gray Matter Testing
- 15. • Every PMs'favorite step, or AKA "where the greenlight happens” • Pentesting != Secure App <- culture change • Shifting security left is hard, so spin as security == quality • Don't waste resources on simple, repeatable tasks - save these folks for the "hard stuff": business logic, authX, session management, crypto • Go broad: systemic testing beyond the app (adversaries won't respect app boundaries), work top-down to provide contextual priority of vulns • Expensive to execute, expensive to fix defects, always timeboxed • Avoid RCP: pick a partner(s), pick a framework, get involved Gray Matter Testing Design Requirements Dependency Checking Source Code Analysis Dynamic App Testing Gray Matter Testing
- 16. • That's alot of testing, so what's your plan? • Utilize a framework (OWASP SAMM 2.0?) and benchmark your progress • Don't lose focus while chasing maturity – learn from CMMI • This never ends – continual improvement, continual reassessment • Don't be afraid to add your own capabilities – remain relevant and look for what's critical for assurance to your business Appsec Framework
- 17. • Start small: •# of apps onboarded / total apps • Vulnerability type by time (SQLi, XSS, etc.) • Average time to remediation • Even those 3 can be hard • Focus on telling a story and grow • Stay away from # of vulns metrics, stick to behavior around those vulns Metrics
- 18. • if (!infra_vuln&& !appsec): devsecops = doomed • DevSecOps Manifesto by Larry Macherone: Build security in more than bolt it on • All about about automating manual security testing processes • Make friends with DevOps, understand pipelines • Build at lab/home, follow along with Securing DevOps by Julien Vehent • With this understanding, where to start putting Sec in DevOps? DevSecOps – Getting Started https://medium.com/continuous-agile/the-devsecops-manifesto-94579e0eb716
- 19. • SANS SecureDevOps Toolchain - epically good at framing your capability discussion! • Build a mindmap, add your priorities and start filling in blanks within your org • Be Agile just like the dev teams – iterate! • Keep it automated, reduce friction SANS Secure DevOps Toolchain https://www.sans.org/security-resources/posters/secure-devops-toolchain-swat-checklist/60/download
- 20. • Be chooseyabout what "breaks the build", start without any breaks • Plan out how security defects make it into the backlog: manual is painful • Get involved in backlog prioritization, don't be unreasonable • Come up with a plan and prioritize: ease to implement, bang for buck • Examples: dependency checking, to secrets scanning, to CIS benchmarks, to OWASP Top 10 DAST scanning, to … • Infra is always easier than app • Expect to have to code some stuff, get your hands dirty DevSecOps Gotchas
- 21. Don't be afraidof "bimodal DevSecOps": quick & dirty vs. deep-dive DevSecOps Gotchas CI/CD Integrated Testing •Focus on speed and keeping signal-to-noise ratio low •Completes in minutes, not days •Catch "heavy hitting" vulns (OWASP Top 10) Out-of-Band Testing •Scheduled on a frequency •Full code base, full URI path, full everything •Appsec engineer prunes false positives
- 22. • Devs willresist; too much on their plate already • Start with a respected developer interested in security • Designate as security champion and commit (not a part time role; needs budget & training) • Keep the momentum – it's change management (Kotter, PDCA, ..) • Get some wins (measurable ROI on pre/post prod vuln metrics) across different champions and build toward a SC program • Build word of mouth, sell career development for devs, success spreads • Not worth pursuing nay-sayers, let them get FOMO • Scale to a community of practice that offers advice, tools, onboarding, etc. Security Champions https://safecode.org/?s=security+champions https://www.managementstudyguide.com/kotters-8-step-model-of-change.htm
- 23. • Work withyour sysadmins, be reasonable, keep them happy • Where are you today? Start with CIS/NIST for core OSes, make the standards your own, document your deviations • You will have hundreds of findings at the beginning – don't panic, it's normal • Work the list - prioritize in phases, based on criticality and testing timing • After a few rounds, expand to less familiar platforms (middleware, cloud platforms, network gear) • Patterns will emerge, don't worry if there's no CIS benchmark for $STUFF Hardening https://www.cisecurity.org/cis-benchmarks/ https://nvd.nist.gov/ncp/repository https://nvd.nist.gov/ncp/checklist/811 - RHEL https://nvd.nist.gov/ncp/checklist/560 - Win2012
- 24. • Scan allthe things – this is the easiest part of this talk • Don't trust your asset data, and add your results to IT asset data • Automate infrastructure scanning/validation and tie to risk tolerance for key applications (don't do this alone, get the business involved – they own risk register) • Infra vuln management is collaborative - understand impact to sysadmins and get their help to create the right processes and data • Infrastructure as Code gets devs involved too, codify your hardening/scanning Infra Vuln Management https://www.inspec.io/ https://archerysec.info/
- 25. • Frame yourscan objectives: discovery, subnet/asset, agent • DON'T PRINT TO CSV – utilize best fix paths and pick reasonable goals • If you can't explain what the vuln is / how the vuln was detected, go research it • Sell to sysadmins as validation of patching/config, you're in it together! • Spot the patterns – don't forget about feedback loops Infra Vuln Management Gotchas
- 26. • Don't dothis if you aren't doing basic infra vuln management, go focus on that • Focus on blue team effectiveness at the beginning • Visualize gaps and help Blue Team be better • Your reports have power – write each scenario up as a budget request Red Team
- 27. • Phishing activities •OSS tools galore like Gophish, just add AWS infrastructure • Social engineering • Call center password reset • Signature Emulation – is your $TOOL detecting what you think it does? • (Network) BT3 – Blue Team Training Toolkit / (Host) Red Canary • Active Directory health (Bloodhound / PingCastle) • Awesome Redteaming lists – pick your poison Red Team Introductory Activities https://www.redcanary.com/blog/atomic-red-team-testing/ https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound https://www.pingcastle.com/ https://github.com/yeyintminthuhtut/Awesome-Red-Teaming https://github.com/gophish/gophish https://www.bt3.no/
- 28. • Continue tobuild, automate where possible • See a technique on Twitter, try it out and see if Blue Team sees it Red Team Final Notes • Feedback loop forevah • Always focus on ROI and value proposition, or face budget cuts • Don't expect or try to be the next APT
- 29. Problem: Everything's goingto the cloud! Oh nooooes… Approaches that work: • Fight for testing as it moves – you may never see that app again! • Shift security testing focus from depth to breadth • Change methodologies – don't be the blocker • Change the duration – 3 apps per week • Stress importance of risk registers and good documentation • Pick the hill(s) to die on – care about the most critical vulns Bonus: Cloud Migrations
- 30. Ditch FUD, embracethe new • Use Infrastructure as Code to your benefit • Use Cloud Service Provider tools to your benefit • Push for network segmentation • Encourage use of cloud devops tools – they're likely more secure than self-managed Hardest part of migration: getting funding to fix those uncovered vulns Bonus: Cloud Migrations https://github.com/dev-sec - IaC hardening https://github.com/aws-quickstart/quickstart-compliance-cis-benchmark - CSP tooling for hardening/alerting
- 31. • Still afledgling discipline, room to explore • Get involved with DevSecOps communities, local chapters • Partner with researchers • Industry collaboration - reach out to us! Next Steps / Where To Go From Here