Hot rolling is a process that modifies the cross-section and reduces the thickness of metal plates. It uses two support rolls to bear loads and prevent bending, and two work rolls in direct contact with the plate to apply force. The rolls must operate at temperatures higher than the metal's recrystallization point, ranging from 1100 to 1300°C, and cool the metal to 50°C at the end of the process. In addition to withstanding high temperatures and loads, the hot rolling rolls are subjected to impact and bending forces. The final result is a product with greater ductility and finer grain structure due to heat transfer, friction, and radiation during rolling.

1. Hot rolling
Hot rolling is a process in which the cross section of the metal is modified and its thickness
is reduced by using two support rolls to support the loads and prevent bending and two work
rolls that maintain direct contact with the plate and apply force to it.[1][2]
For the process, it is necessary that the rollers have a temperature higher than the
recrystallization of the material to be handled, it starts at temperatures ranging from 1100 to
1300 ºC and ends with temperatures of 700 to 900 ºC, to cool the metal at the end of the
cycle water is used, reducing its temperature to 50 ºC. The rolls must be able to withstand
these temperatures as well as being resistant to abrasive wear and extreme loads.[3][4]
In addition to being exposed to high temperatures, extreme loads and wear, the hot-rolling
rolls are subjected to impact and bending forces. As a final result of the process, it provides
greater ductility to the product and finer grain microstructures, due to the heat conduction
established between the metal plate and the rolls, the friction generated during the process
and the radiation emitted.[5][6]
Referencias
[1] A. J. Dominguez and A. E. Silva, “Laminación en caliente en la Industria del Acero .”
[2] J. Medias, “Avances recientes en cilindros de laminación,” Acero Lationameticano,
no. October 2010, pp. 42–48, 2010.
[3] J. Pedro and S. Oliveira, “NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL ANALYSIS OF LOAD IN
ROLLING PROCESS,” pp. 38–50.
[4] S. Spuzic, K. N. Strafford, C. Subramanian, and G. Savage, “Wear of hot rolling mill
rolls: an overview,” Wear, vol. 176, no. 2, pp. 261–271, 1994, doi: 10.1016/0043-
1648(94)90155-4.
[5] R. Cano, “‘Análisis de falla de un rodillo de un tren de laminación en caliente,’” 8th
Lat. Am. Congr. Mech. Eng., no. December 2018, 2014, [Online]. Available:
http://www.ups.edu.ec/destacado?entryId=99738.
[6] M. P. Guerrero Mata, “Modelacion termica en rodillos de laminacion,” p. 93, 1993.