The document explains the applications of hot and cold therapies, detailing their therapeutic uses, physiological effects, contraindications, and complications. Hot applications are used to relieve pain and promote healing, while cold applications are utilized to reduce inflammation and control hemorrhage. It also outlines procedures for administering these therapies and highlights nursing responsibilities to ensure client safety.

1. HOT & COLD
APPLICATIONS
PRESENTED BY-
MISS SAYMA KHAN
NURSING TUTOR/CI
ECON

2. HOT
APPLICATIONS
HOT APPLICATION IS THE
APPLICATION OF HOT AGENT,
WARMER THAN SKIN EITHER IN A
MOIST OR DRY FORM ON THE
SURFACE OF THE BODY TO
RELIEVE PAIN AND CONGESTION,
TO PROVIDE WARMTH , TO
PROMOTE SUPPURATION, TO
PROMOTE HEALING, TO DECREASE
MUSCLE TOE AND TO SOFTEN
EXUDATES.

3. THERAPEUTIC USES OF HOT
APPLICATIONS-
HEAT DECREASES PAIN
HEAT DECREASES MUSCLE TONE
HEAT PROMOTES HEALING
HEAT PROMOTES SUPPURATION
HEAT SOFTEN THE EXUDATES
HEAT PROVIDE WARMTH
HEAT STIMULATES PERISTALSIS

4. PHYSILOICAL
EFFECTS OF
HOT
APPLICATION-
PERIPHERAL VASODIALATION
INCREASE CAPILLARY PERMIABILITY
INCREASED OXYGEN CONSUMPTION.
INCREASE LOCAL METABOLISM
INCREASE BLOOD FLOW
DECREASED MUSCLE TONE

5. CONTRAINDICATIONS-
• HEAT NOT USED IN MALIGNANCIES
• HEAT SHOULD NOT BE APPLIED TO ACUTELY
INFLAMMED AREAS.
• HEAT SHOULD NOT BE APPLIED ON A
CLIENT WITH PARALYSIS
• HEAT SHOULD NOT BE APPLIED ON
OPEN WOUNDS.
• HEAT SHOULD NOT BE APPLIED ON CLIENTS
WITH HIGH TEMPERATURE.

6. • HEAT SHOULD NOT BE APPLIED ON CLIENTS
WITH METABOLIC DISORDERS.
• HEAT SHOULD NOT BE APPLIED ON VERY
YOUNG AND VERY OLD PEOPLE BECAUSE OF
THE RISK OF TISSUE BURNS

7. COMPLICATIONS
OF HOT
APPLICATIONS
PAIN
BURNS
REDNESS OF THE SKIN
PALLOR
HYPERTHERMIA

8. COLD APPLICATION
COLD APPLICATION IS THE APPLICATION
OF A COLD AGENT COOLER THAN SKIN
EITHER IN A MOIST OR DRY FORM, ON
THE SURFACE OF THE SKIN, TO REDUCE
PAIN AND BODY TEMPERATURE, TO
ANESTHETIZE AN AREA, TO CHECK
HAEMORRHAGE, TO CONTROL GROWTH
OF BACTERIA, TO PREVENT GANGRENE,
TO PREVENT EDEMA AND REDUCE
INFLAMMATON.

9. THERAPEUTIC
USES OF COLD
APPLICATIONS
COLD RELIEVES PAIN
PREVENTS GANGRENE
PREVENTS EDEMA AND REDUCE
INFLAMMATION
CONTROLS HAEMORRHAGE
CHECK THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA.
REDUCE THE BODY TEMPERATURE.

10. PHYSIOLOICAL
EFFECTS
PERIPHERAL VASOCONSTRICTIONS
DECREASED CAPILLIARY PERMIABILITY
DECREASED OXYGEN CONSUMPTION
DECREASED BLOOD FLOW
DECREASED MUSCLE TONE
INCREASED BLOOD VISCOSITY

11. CONTRAINDICATIONS
• COLD SHOULD NOT BE APPLIED WHO ARE IN
A STATE OF SHOCK AND COLLAPSE
• COLD SHOULD NOT BE APPLIED IN A
DISORDER ASSOCIATED WITH IMPARIED
CIRCULATION.
• COLD SHOULD NOT BE APPLIED WHEN
THERE IS A MUSCLE SPASM.
• COLD SHOULD NOT BE APPLIED WHEN THE
CLIENT IS HAVING SHIVERING

12. COMPLICATIONS
PAIN
BLISTERS AND SKIN BEARKDOWN
GREY AND BLUISH DISCOLOURATION
THROMBUS FORMATION
REDNESS
HYPOTHERMIA

13. CLASSIFICATION OF HOT &COLD
APPLICATIONS

15. PROCEDURE OF HOT APPLICATION
PREPARATION OF THE ARTICLES-
A TRAY CONTAINING-
HOT WATER BAG
JUG
DUSTER
TOWEL
VASELINE OR OIL
LOTION THERMOMETER IF AVAILABLE

16. PREPARATION OF THE CLIENT AND
UNIT-
IDENTIFY THE CLIENT AND EXPLAIN THE
PROCEDURE TO CLIENT.
PROVIDE PRIVACY IF NEEDED
EXPOSE ONLY THE PART THAT
NEEDS TREATMENT.
PLACE THE CLIENT IN A COMFORTABLE
POSITION
ARRANGE THE ARTICLES

17. STEPS OF PROCEDURE
WASH HANDS
TAKE HOT WATER IN THE JUG. POUR SOME
WATER INTO THE HOT WATER BOTTLE.
CHECK THE TEMPERATURE OF THE WATER
FILL ONE THIRD TO HALF OF THE BOTTLE
WITH HOT WATER
PLACE THE BAG OVER A FLAT SURFACE.
DRY THE OUTSIDE OF THE BAG AND TEST
FOR LEAKAGE BY HOLDING UPSIDE DOWN.

18. CONTD..
PUT ON THE COVER AND TAKE IT TO THE BED
SIDE.
APPLY THE HOT WATER BOTTLE OVER THE AREA
AND COVER IT WITH THE TOWEL OR SHEET.
KEEP THE BOTTLE IN PLACE ABOUT 20-
30MIN CHANGING THE POSITION OF THE BAG AS
NECESSARY. INSPECT THE ARA OCCASIONALLY.
REFILL THE BAG IS ECESSARY.
INSPECT THE AREA FOR REDNESS. IF REDNESS IS
PRESENT, APPLY VASELINE OR OIL.
WASH HANDS.

19. PROCEDURE OF COLD APPLICATION
PREPARATION OF THE ARTICLES-
A TRAY CONTAINING-
ICE BAG
CRUSHED ICE OR ICE CHIPS
FLANNEL COVER
SODIUM CHOLORIDE
PAPER TOWELS

20. STEPS OF PROCEDURE-
EXPLAIN THE PROCEDURE TO THE CLIENT.
WASH HANDS
FILL THE ICE BAG WITH WATER, PUT IN THE
STOPPER, TURN THE BAG UPSIDE FOR
LEAKAGE.
EMPTY THE BAG
FILL THE BAG HALF TO ONE THIRD WITH
CRUSHED ICE.
SPRINKLE SODIUM CHLORIDE
SCREW THE CAP TIGHTLY

21. CONTD..
WIPE THE OUTSIDE OF THE BAG AND PUT ON
THE COVER.
PLACE THE BAG IN THE FLANNEL COVER.
FLANNEL COVER WILL ABSORB THE
MOISTURE COLLECTED ON THE OUTER SIDE
OF THE BAG.
APPLY ON THE ORDERED AREA.
THE ICE BAG APPLIED FOR 30 MIN AND THEN
IT IS DISCONTINUED FOR ATLEAST 1 HOUR TO
ALLOW FOR RECOVERY PERIOD

22. CONTD....
MAKE SURE THE CLIENT IS COMFORABLE.
EMPTY THE CONTENTS, CLEAN THE
ARTICLES AND REPLACE IT IN PROPER
PLACE.
WASH HANDS
DOCUMENT THE CARE GIVEN- TIME,
SITE, RESPONSE OF THE CLIENT,
OBSERVATION OF THE SKIN AREA.

23. NURSING RESPONSBILITIES IN HOT
& COLD APPLICATION
ASSESS THE CONDITION OF THE CLIENT PRIOR
TO, DURING AND AFTER THE APPLICATION OF
THE HOT AND COLD THERAPY
MAINTAIN THE CORRECT TEMPERATURE FOR
ENTIRE DURATION
NEVER USE ANY EQUIPMENT UNLESS YOU
UNDERSTAND ITS OPERATION COMPLETELY.
CONTINUOUS APPLICATIONS OF HEAT AND
COLD ARE DETRIMENTAL TO THE HELTH OF
TISSUES. THERE MUST BE A RECOVERY PERIOD
BETWEEN THE APPLICATIONS

24. EXPOSE THE CLIENT ONLY TO A SAFE
TEMPERATURE.
NEVER IGNORE THE COMPLAINTS OF
CLIENT HOWEVER SMALL THEY APPEAR TO BE.
ALWAYS MAKE SURE THAT THE CLIENT IS IN
POSITION TO REMOVE THE APPLICATION OR
MOVE HIMSELF AWAY FROM THE DEVICE IF IT IS
CAUSING DISCOMFORT.
THE CLIENT MUST HAVE A CALLING
SIGNAL WITHIN HIS REACH
HOT AND COLD APPLICATIONS MUST BE
VERY CAREFULLY USED WHEN THE CLIENT IS
UNCONSCIOUS, ANAESTHETIZED OR UNABLE TO
RESPONSE THE PAIN.

25. AFTER THE PROCEDURE, DRY THE PART
GENTLY BY PATTING AND NOT RUBBING TO
REMOVE THE MOISTURE, THEREBY TO
PREVENT MACERATION OF THE SKIN AND
FURTHER COOLING BY EVAPORATION.
DURING HOT AND COLD APPLICATION
PROTECT THE CLIENT FROM CHILLS.
IN HYPERPYREXIA, THE TEMPERATURE OF
THE BODY SHOULD BE BROUGHT DOWN
GRADULLY AND STEADILY. SUDDEN
COOLING IS DANGEROUS TO THE CLIENT

26. THANKYOU