The key components of a solar panel system include photovoltaic cells, solar panels, a solar power system, proper orientation, and an inverter. Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity, solar panels house multiple cells, and connecting several panels creates a solar power system. For maximum efficiency, the panels must be oriented in the direction with the greatest solar potential. An inverter is also needed to transform the direct current from the panels into alternating current that can power household appliances. Consulting a professional is recommended to determine the appropriate components for a specific application.