3. Wood Technology
o Refers to the study and application of the properties, processing, and uses of
wood and wood products.
o Knowledge of various wood types
o Their properties and how to modify these properties through various
processing techniques such as drying, sawing, planning, and finishing.
Woodworking – it is the skills developed by the students in terms of
measuring, cutting, and framing, joining and finishing wood materials.
4. Carpentry
It is an art and a manner of cutting, forming and joining wood parts
together.
The art of shaping and assembling structural woodwork
A builder or a skilled craftsman who performs carpentry works are called
Carpenter.
5. Type of Woods used in Carpentry
Softwood – these are usually from coniferous trees and are relatively
inexpensive. Softwood includes pine, spruce, and fir that are commonly used
for framing, decking, and outdoor structures.
Advantages of Softwood:
1. Availability and affordability
2. Workability
3. Outdoor use
6. Type of Woods used in Carpentry
Hardwood – woods that came from deciduous trees and are generally more
expensive than softwoods. Hardwood includes oak, maple, and walnut which
are used for furniture, flooring, and cabinetry.
Advantage of hardwood:
1. Durability and strength
2. Attractive grain patterns
3. Finishing qualities
7. Parts of the Wood
Bark – is the outermost layer of stem and root of wood plants.
Cambium Layer – a thin layer of generative tissue lying between the bark and the
wood of a stem.
Sapwood – is the living, outermost portion of a woody stem
Heartwood – inner part of the wood which is made up of accumulated dead cells.
Pith – or medulla, it is a tissue in the stems of vascular plants. It is located in the
center of the stem.
8. Measuring, Marking and Testing Tools
1. Folded Wooden Rule – can be folded for convenient storage. Has multiple hinged
sections that can be extended or folded.
2. Ruler/Straight Edge – for measure small projects or articles. Calibrated in inches
and centimeter.
3. Push pull steel tape ruler – measuring tool that made of steel that consist of long,
thin metal tape that can be extended or retracted. Use for measuring long distance.
4. Try Square – to measure right angle measurements, for measuring corners.
5. Knife – use for cutting and marking. It can mark layout to a wood stick.
9. Wood working Machines
1 Rip Saw – type of handsaw that is used to make straight and long cuts.
Designed to cut along the grain.
2. Cross cut saw – handsaw to make precise and accurate cut across the
grain.
3. Key hole/Compass Saw – used to cut circle shape in a wood. Cutting holes
for locks and other hardware.
10. Classification of Finishing Tools according
to use
o Scraper – a tool made of steel. Use to produce a smooth surface.
o Wood Fillers – use to eliminate deep cuts and hole in your finished product.
o Stain – a wood finishing materials derived from different color of wood such as
walnut, mahogany, and natural color.
o Shellac – a finishing material came from gums substance and insect
o Varnish – a finishing material that produces glossy finish to a project. It came from
different forms, from gum, linseed oil, resin, or chemical drier.
o Paint – the most widely used in woodworking to enhance appearance, durability
and protection of the wood surface.
11. Wood Preparation
The proper way of preparing the wood for future use is by means of
seasoning. It is the drying period of wood.
Most common way of Wood Preparation is as follows:
1. Air Seasoning – placing the lumber/wood in an open air
2. Kiln seasoning/drying – it is the scientific way of wood seasoning as it
uses big oven to dry lumber quickly to lower the wood moisture.
3. Water seasoning – by submerging the wood into the water to enhance the
color of the sapwood.
4. Treated – by the use of compound chemical before seasoning.
14. Masonry
The construction of structures using bricks, stones, or other materials that
are held together by mortar.
Building technique that involves using bricks, stones, or concrete blocks to
create structures such as walls and flooring.
