The Holocaust systematically murdered approximately 6 million European Jews and millions of others between 1933-1945. Under the Nazi regime in Germany, Jews were increasingly persecuted through restrictive laws and anti-Semitic propaganda. Jews were later ghettoized and millions were murdered in death camps using poison gas or brutal treatment and conditions. While some resisted or were rescued, most of the Jewish populations of occupied Europe were killed during the Holocaust. The aftermath involved displacement, war crimes trials, and the founding of Israel.