presented by HAFIZ M WASEEM
university of education LAHORE Pakistan
i am from mailsi vehari and studied in lahore
bsc in science college multan
msc from lahore
3. CONTENT LIST
Lymph System
Types of Lymphoma
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
Types of Hodgkin Lymphoma
Stages of Hodgkin Lymphoma
Symptoms of Hodgkin Lymphoma
Causes of Hodgkin Lymphoma
Victims of Hodgkin Lymphoma
4. Survival Ratio of Victims
Diagnoses of Hodgkin Lymphoma
Treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma
Risk of Treatment
Patient Counseling
Summary
References
5. LYMPH SYSTEM
The lymph system is a part of immune system, which helps to fight against infections, some other
diseases and also helps to control the flow of fluids in the body.
The lymph system is made up mainly of cells called lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Th
B lymphocytes (B cells):
B cells make proteins called antibodies to help protect the body from germs
(bacteria and viruses).
T lymphocytes (T cells):
There are many types of T cells. Some T cells destroy germs or abnormal cells
in the body. Other T cells help boost or slow the activity of other immune system cells.
8. HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a type of lymphoma in which cancer originates from a specific type
of white blood cells called lymphocytes.
Its also known as Hodgkin malignant neoplastic disease (HL) .
It have an effect on folks of any age, however is most typical in folks between twenty and forty
years and people over 55.
9. CLASSICAL HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma is any type of lymphoma that contains a particular type of cell
called a Reed–Sternberg cell.
Reed–Sternberg cells are abnormal B lymphocytes
12. SYMPTOMS
Signs and symptoms of Hodgkin's lymphoma may include:
Painless swelling of lymph nodes in your neck, armpits or groin
Persistent fatigue
Fever
Night sweats
Unexplained weight loss
Severe itching
Increased sensitivity to the effects of alcohol or pain in your lymph
nodes after drinking alcohol
13.
14.
15. VICTIMS OF HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
Hodgkin lymphoma can develop at any age, but it mostly affects young adults in their early
20s and older adults over the age of 70. Slightly more men than women are affected.
Around 2,100 people are diagnose with Hodgkin lymphoma in the UK each year.
16. SURVIVAL RATIO OF VICTIMS
The five-year survival rate is about 86 percent.
The 10-year survival rate is about 80 percent.
The following are the five-year survival rates for the different stages:
Stage 1 HD is about 90 percent.
Stage 2 HD is about 90 percent.
Stage 3 HD is about 80 percent.
Stage 4 HD is about 65 percent.
17. DIAGNOSES OF HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
To diagnose HD, your doctor will perform a physical exam and ask you about your medical
history. Your doctor will also order certain tests so they can make a proper diagnosis.
The following tests may be:
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Lactate dehydrogenase
Serum creatinine
Alkaline phosphatase
18. A test for HIV is important
Serum levels of cytokines
Imaging tests, such as X-rays or CT scans
Lymph node biopsy
Bone marrow biopsy
Blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC)
Immuno-phenotyping to determine the type of lymphoma cells that are present
Lung function tests to determine how well your lungs are working
An echocardiogram to determine how well your heart is working
19. TREATMENT
General treatment principles include the following:
Radiation therapy
Induction chemotherapy
Salvage chemotherapy
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
20. RISK OF TREATMENT
Treatments for HD can have long-term side effects and can increase risk of developing
other serious medical conditions.
HD treatments may increase risk of
Weakened immune system
Second cancers
Infertility
Infections
Thyroid problems
Lung damage
21. PATIENT COUNSELING
Patients with Hodgkin lymphoma should be counsel about the potential complications of
therapy, including the risk of cardiac disease, lung toxicity, and secondary cancers.
Patients should also be apprise of the potential loss of fertility that may arise from treatments
Patients should understand the risk of psychosocial problems that may affect survivors of
Hodgkin lymphoma. Consultations with social workers, psychologists, and psychiatrists may be
helpful.
22. SUMMARY
Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer which can start from any lymphatic cell inside the body and can
spread any where. So we will be careful about our diet and try our best to avoid exposure to
radiations which can cause abnormal growth of cells.
23. REFERENCES
www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/003105-pdf.pdf
www.lls.org/.../hodgkinlymphoma.pdf
Cowan DH. Vera Peters and the curability of Hodgkin disease. Current Oncology. 2008; 15(5):
206-210.
Hodgkin T. On Some Morbid Appearances of the absorbent glands and spleen. 1832.
Swerdlow SH, et al. WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues.
In: World Health Organization Classification of Tumors. Lyon, France: IARC; 2017.
Hoarder N, Noon AM, Krypto, et al, eds. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2010,
National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2010/, based
on November 2012 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2013