HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, 10 June 2016, Paris, France. More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress/hleg-workshop-on-measuring-trust-and-social-capital-2016.htm
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, Evgenia PassariStatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, 10 June 2016, Paris, France. More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress/hleg-workshop-on-measuring-trust-and-social-capital-2016.htm
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, Monica FerrinStatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, 10 June 2016, Paris, France. More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress/hleg-workshop-on-measuring-trust-and-social-capital-2016.htm
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, Yann AlganStatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, 10 June 2016, Paris, France. More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress/hleg-workshop-on-measuring-trust-and-social-capital-2016.htm
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, Bo RothsteinStatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, 10 June 2016, Paris, France. More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress/hleg-workshop-on-measuring-trust-and-social-capital-2016.htm
Government Expenditures and Philanthropic Donations: Exploring Crowding-out w...Arjen de Wit
1) The study examines the relationship between government expenditures and individual philanthropic donations across 19 countries using cross-country data.
2) The results show evidence of crowding-in of donors rather than crowding-out, with higher government expenditures associated with higher probabilities of individuals donating.
3) However, there is less crowding-in observed in the health and social protection sectors. Social welfare expenditures seem to drive donors towards more "expressive" sectors like the arts and international aid.
Explaining the characteristics underpinning the Brexit vote across different parts of the UK, by Resolution Foundation's Stephen Clarke and Matthew Whittaker.
Nigeria global competitiveness index institutions (2006 - 2012)statisense
While some indicators like corporate governance saw marginal gains, the data suggests Nigeria's institutions have not strengthened competitively relative to other countries and require reconstruction to better contribute to economic freedom and development.
The document discusses divisions in British society following the Brexit vote and prospects for the future. It finds that the public sees Britain as divided between "haves" and "have nots", with the "have nots" more likely to have voted for Brexit. While income inequality has remained steady, living standards have stagnated, exacerbated by rising housing costs. Areas with higher levels of education, diversity, and economic opportunity were less likely to vote for Brexit. Looking ahead, Brexit is expected to further slow economic growth and planned welfare cuts will likely increase divisions. For many, the new Prime Minister must take action to address existing challenges around earnings, housing, and regional inequality to unite Britain.
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, Evgenia PassariStatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, 10 June 2016, Paris, France. More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress/hleg-workshop-on-measuring-trust-and-social-capital-2016.htm
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, Monica FerrinStatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, 10 June 2016, Paris, France. More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress/hleg-workshop-on-measuring-trust-and-social-capital-2016.htm
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, Yann AlganStatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, 10 June 2016, Paris, France. More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress/hleg-workshop-on-measuring-trust-and-social-capital-2016.htm
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, Bo RothsteinStatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, 10 June 2016, Paris, France. More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress/hleg-workshop-on-measuring-trust-and-social-capital-2016.htm
Government Expenditures and Philanthropic Donations: Exploring Crowding-out w...Arjen de Wit
1) The study examines the relationship between government expenditures and individual philanthropic donations across 19 countries using cross-country data.
2) The results show evidence of crowding-in of donors rather than crowding-out, with higher government expenditures associated with higher probabilities of individuals donating.
3) However, there is less crowding-in observed in the health and social protection sectors. Social welfare expenditures seem to drive donors towards more "expressive" sectors like the arts and international aid.
Explaining the characteristics underpinning the Brexit vote across different parts of the UK, by Resolution Foundation's Stephen Clarke and Matthew Whittaker.
Nigeria global competitiveness index institutions (2006 - 2012)statisense
While some indicators like corporate governance saw marginal gains, the data suggests Nigeria's institutions have not strengthened competitively relative to other countries and require reconstruction to better contribute to economic freedom and development.
The document discusses divisions in British society following the Brexit vote and prospects for the future. It finds that the public sees Britain as divided between "haves" and "have nots", with the "have nots" more likely to have voted for Brexit. While income inequality has remained steady, living standards have stagnated, exacerbated by rising housing costs. Areas with higher levels of education, diversity, and economic opportunity were less likely to vote for Brexit. Looking ahead, Brexit is expected to further slow economic growth and planned welfare cuts will likely increase divisions. For many, the new Prime Minister must take action to address existing challenges around earnings, housing, and regional inequality to unite Britain.
Contrial presents The Fourth Measurement of Social Capital of Colombia
Challenges for Citizenship, Civil Society, Politics and the State
John Sudarsky explains How to build Territorial Settings that accumulate Social Capital, Trust and Sustainable Commitment, articulating participatory and representative democracy.
This presentation discusses using survey data to analyze elderly welfare and pension systems. It provides an overview of social protection programs and pensions frameworks. Survey data strengths include representing the entire population, while limitations include being a static snapshot. The presentation explores applying survey indicators like poverty, living arrangements, and elderly income generation to assess environment and performance of elderly welfare. Future work may focus on under-researched areas and exploiting existing survey data.
Saving Behaviour, Expectations and Future Financial HardshipEesti Pank
The document discusses research investigating how saving behaviors, including the amount saved and likelihood of saving, have changed over time in the UK. It uses data from the British Household Panel Survey and Understanding Society survey to analyze factors influencing individual saving rates among employed individuals aged 25-59 from 1991-2013/14. The research finds that financial optimism and income level impact the probability and amount of monthly saving, with those with lower incomes or who are not financially optimistic being less likely to save larger amounts.
Strong Start to 2015
The January results represented good news on multiple fronts. First, strong sales growth suggests home buyers continue to see housing as a quality long-term
investment, despite the recent period of economic uncertainty. Second, the fact that new listings grew at a faster pace than sales suggests that it has become easier for
some people to find a home that meets their needs.
The document summarizes the state of the Minnesota and U.S. economies following the Great Recession. It finds that while the recession officially ended in 2009, recovery has been slow with real GDP growth below 2% through 2011. Job losses were severe, with Minnesota losing 4.3% of jobs since the recession began. Looking forward, challenges include an aging population, slowing labor force growth, rising healthcare costs, and the need to adapt to lower levels of economic growth and consumption in the new normal. Productivity gains through education, innovation and improving outcomes rather than just cost cutting will be important to economic success. Public sector productivity will also be key.
The document summarizes key findings from a 2019 survey of metro Atlanta residents about perceptions of life and issues in the region. Some of the main topics covered include transportation remaining the top concern, strong support for expanding public transit but declining support for related tax increases, an economy seen as generally strong but with inequality issues, and neighborhood changes linked to declining housing affordability. Nearly half of respondents favored expanding public transit as the best long-term solution to traffic problems, though support varied by county.
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, John HelliwellStatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, 10 June 2016, Paris, France. More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress/hleg-workshop-on-measuring-trust-and-social-capital-2016.htm
Generative artificial intelligence for anti-corruption and integrity in gover...LUISRENECAMPOSGUZMAN
This document provides an overview of a survey conducted by the OECD on the opportunities and challenges of using generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), to support the work of integrity actors in government. The survey found that while some integrity actors have started piloting the use of LLMs, significant challenges remain regarding developing capacity, ensuring responsible use, and mitigating risks such as undermining anti-corruption work. The document discusses the benefits identified, such as using LLMs to analyze large datasets and identify fraud patterns. It also examines approaches taken by organizations like Brazil's Supreme Audit Institution to develop LLMs and frameworks established by bodies like the US Government Accountability Office to help ensure AI systems are accountable,
Are Capital Controls Effective in Preventing Financial CrisesALing Huang
This document summarizes research on whether capital controls are effective in preventing financial crises. It finds that most currency crash events occurred under tight capital control settings, and loosening controls is linked to a reduced likelihood of crises after accounting for other factors. Theoretically, capital controls can distort markets and facilitate corruption, lowering productivity. Financial openness may also exert "discipline effects" that encourage sound macroeconomic policies.
WORKSHOP
Linkages of Agriculture, Nutrition and Economic Development
Co-Organized by IFPRI, UPNG, INA, Australian National University, and Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
JUN 12, 2019 - 09:00 AM TO 12:30 PM +10
Measuring digital development for policy-making: Models, stages, characterist...Ismael Peña-López
1. The document presents a framework for measuring digital development in countries based on both qualitative and quantitative analysis of models and data from various sources.
2. Based on cluster analysis, countries can be grouped into stages of digital development from digital leaders to digital laggards.
3. Key determinants of more advanced digital development include higher levels of human capital, economic incentives for innovation, and regulatory frameworks that prioritize ICT.
This document provides an analysis of Turkey's macro environment using the PEST framework. It begins with an overview of how to conduct a macro environmental analysis and defines the four factors of a PEST analysis as political, economic, social-cultural, and technological. Tables show Turkey's quarterly population growth rates from 1955-2000 and population distribution between urban and rural areas from 1955-1997. For each PEST factor, key influences are identified such as Turkey's taxation policies, economic growth rates, age distribution, and technological innovations. An example PEST analysis of Pepsi is also provided to demonstrate how the framework can be applied.
This document provides an analysis of the macro environment in Turkey using the PEST framework. It begins with an introduction to macro environmental analysis and the PEST method. It then examines the political, economic, social-cultural, and technological factors affecting Turkey. For each factor, it provides examples and data like population growth rates and urbanization trends. It concludes with an example PEST analysis of Pepsi to demonstrate how the framework can be applied.
Analysis of gap between incidence of corruption and Corruption Perception Ind...Saad_Sarfraz
This honors thesis analyzes the gap between the actual incidence of corruption and perceptions of corruption as measured by the Corruption Perception Index. The author develops a theoretical framework and regression equations to estimate the magnitude of the bias between incidence and perception, while controlling for other factors. Survey data on incidence is obtained from the International Crime Victim Survey and compared to Corruption Perception Index scores for various countries. The analysis fails to reject the null hypothesis that there is no significant gap between incidence and perception of corruption.
Maghe - National innovation system and policy mixinnovationoecd
This document summarizes a study that classified innovation policies across 34 countries based on their objectives, instruments, beneficiaries, and sectors. Cluster analysis identified 5 main policy clusters: 1) countries focusing on research organizations and science, 2) countries targeting market-oriented R&D, 3) weaker innovators focusing on knowledge transfer, 4) Eastern EU countries targeting competencies, and 5) top innovators focusing on upstream R&D. The study aims to evaluate policy efficiency and complement traditional innovation performance indicators. Further research needs extensive comparable policy databases across countries.
Research posters - 2017 OECD Global Anti-Corruption & Integrity ForumOECD Governance
This poster discusses offsets in public sector procurement and the potential for corruption. Offsets are commercial commitments made by foreign suppliers to purchase goods or services from the importing country as a condition for being awarded a major contract. While intended to promote economic development and trade balance, offsets lack transparency and can enable corruption. The poster finds that a small number of countries account for the vast majority of the $500 billion global offset market, creating incentives to bribe. It proposes solutions like increased transparency rules and industry standards to curb corruption risks while preserving offsets' economic goals.
Contrial presents The Fourth Measurement of Social Capital of Colombia
Challenges for Citizenship, Civil Society, Politics and the State
John Sudarsky explains How to build Territorial Settings that accumulate Social Capital, Trust and Sustainable Commitment, articulating participatory and representative democracy.
This presentation discusses using survey data to analyze elderly welfare and pension systems. It provides an overview of social protection programs and pensions frameworks. Survey data strengths include representing the entire population, while limitations include being a static snapshot. The presentation explores applying survey indicators like poverty, living arrangements, and elderly income generation to assess environment and performance of elderly welfare. Future work may focus on under-researched areas and exploiting existing survey data.
Saving Behaviour, Expectations and Future Financial HardshipEesti Pank
The document discusses research investigating how saving behaviors, including the amount saved and likelihood of saving, have changed over time in the UK. It uses data from the British Household Panel Survey and Understanding Society survey to analyze factors influencing individual saving rates among employed individuals aged 25-59 from 1991-2013/14. The research finds that financial optimism and income level impact the probability and amount of monthly saving, with those with lower incomes or who are not financially optimistic being less likely to save larger amounts.
Strong Start to 2015
The January results represented good news on multiple fronts. First, strong sales growth suggests home buyers continue to see housing as a quality long-term
investment, despite the recent period of economic uncertainty. Second, the fact that new listings grew at a faster pace than sales suggests that it has become easier for
some people to find a home that meets their needs.
The document summarizes the state of the Minnesota and U.S. economies following the Great Recession. It finds that while the recession officially ended in 2009, recovery has been slow with real GDP growth below 2% through 2011. Job losses were severe, with Minnesota losing 4.3% of jobs since the recession began. Looking forward, challenges include an aging population, slowing labor force growth, rising healthcare costs, and the need to adapt to lower levels of economic growth and consumption in the new normal. Productivity gains through education, innovation and improving outcomes rather than just cost cutting will be important to economic success. Public sector productivity will also be key.
The document summarizes key findings from a 2019 survey of metro Atlanta residents about perceptions of life and issues in the region. Some of the main topics covered include transportation remaining the top concern, strong support for expanding public transit but declining support for related tax increases, an economy seen as generally strong but with inequality issues, and neighborhood changes linked to declining housing affordability. Nearly half of respondents favored expanding public transit as the best long-term solution to traffic problems, though support varied by county.
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, John HelliwellStatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, 10 June 2016, Paris, France. More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress/hleg-workshop-on-measuring-trust-and-social-capital-2016.htm
Generative artificial intelligence for anti-corruption and integrity in gover...LUISRENECAMPOSGUZMAN
This document provides an overview of a survey conducted by the OECD on the opportunities and challenges of using generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), to support the work of integrity actors in government. The survey found that while some integrity actors have started piloting the use of LLMs, significant challenges remain regarding developing capacity, ensuring responsible use, and mitigating risks such as undermining anti-corruption work. The document discusses the benefits identified, such as using LLMs to analyze large datasets and identify fraud patterns. It also examines approaches taken by organizations like Brazil's Supreme Audit Institution to develop LLMs and frameworks established by bodies like the US Government Accountability Office to help ensure AI systems are accountable,
Are Capital Controls Effective in Preventing Financial CrisesALing Huang
This document summarizes research on whether capital controls are effective in preventing financial crises. It finds that most currency crash events occurred under tight capital control settings, and loosening controls is linked to a reduced likelihood of crises after accounting for other factors. Theoretically, capital controls can distort markets and facilitate corruption, lowering productivity. Financial openness may also exert "discipline effects" that encourage sound macroeconomic policies.
WORKSHOP
Linkages of Agriculture, Nutrition and Economic Development
Co-Organized by IFPRI, UPNG, INA, Australian National University, and Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
JUN 12, 2019 - 09:00 AM TO 12:30 PM +10
Measuring digital development for policy-making: Models, stages, characterist...Ismael Peña-López
1. The document presents a framework for measuring digital development in countries based on both qualitative and quantitative analysis of models and data from various sources.
2. Based on cluster analysis, countries can be grouped into stages of digital development from digital leaders to digital laggards.
3. Key determinants of more advanced digital development include higher levels of human capital, economic incentives for innovation, and regulatory frameworks that prioritize ICT.
This document provides an analysis of Turkey's macro environment using the PEST framework. It begins with an overview of how to conduct a macro environmental analysis and defines the four factors of a PEST analysis as political, economic, social-cultural, and technological. Tables show Turkey's quarterly population growth rates from 1955-2000 and population distribution between urban and rural areas from 1955-1997. For each PEST factor, key influences are identified such as Turkey's taxation policies, economic growth rates, age distribution, and technological innovations. An example PEST analysis of Pepsi is also provided to demonstrate how the framework can be applied.
This document provides an analysis of the macro environment in Turkey using the PEST framework. It begins with an introduction to macro environmental analysis and the PEST method. It then examines the political, economic, social-cultural, and technological factors affecting Turkey. For each factor, it provides examples and data like population growth rates and urbanization trends. It concludes with an example PEST analysis of Pepsi to demonstrate how the framework can be applied.
Analysis of gap between incidence of corruption and Corruption Perception Ind...Saad_Sarfraz
This honors thesis analyzes the gap between the actual incidence of corruption and perceptions of corruption as measured by the Corruption Perception Index. The author develops a theoretical framework and regression equations to estimate the magnitude of the bias between incidence and perception, while controlling for other factors. Survey data on incidence is obtained from the International Crime Victim Survey and compared to Corruption Perception Index scores for various countries. The analysis fails to reject the null hypothesis that there is no significant gap between incidence and perception of corruption.
Maghe - National innovation system and policy mixinnovationoecd
This document summarizes a study that classified innovation policies across 34 countries based on their objectives, instruments, beneficiaries, and sectors. Cluster analysis identified 5 main policy clusters: 1) countries focusing on research organizations and science, 2) countries targeting market-oriented R&D, 3) weaker innovators focusing on knowledge transfer, 4) Eastern EU countries targeting competencies, and 5) top innovators focusing on upstream R&D. The study aims to evaluate policy efficiency and complement traditional innovation performance indicators. Further research needs extensive comparable policy databases across countries.
Research posters - 2017 OECD Global Anti-Corruption & Integrity ForumOECD Governance
This poster discusses offsets in public sector procurement and the potential for corruption. Offsets are commercial commitments made by foreign suppliers to purchase goods or services from the importing country as a condition for being awarded a major contract. While intended to promote economic development and trade balance, offsets lack transparency and can enable corruption. The poster finds that a small number of countries account for the vast majority of the $500 billion global offset market, creating incentives to bribe. It proposes solutions like increased transparency rules and industry standards to curb corruption risks while preserving offsets' economic goals.
The document provides an overview of corruption in the Philippines, discussing the typology of corruption, the widespread prevalence and costs of corruption across different government agencies and sectors, and various reform initiatives and anti-corruption efforts that have been implemented or are recommended. Corruption is described as systemic and pervasive in the Philippines, with various data showing high levels of public perception of corruption and the country ranking poorly on international corruption indices.
L. Becchetti, 30 Novembre - 1 Dicembre 2021 -
Webinar: Gli effetti della pandemia sulla soddisfazione per la vita e il benessere: analisi e prospettive
Titolo: La pandemia attraverso gli indicatori soggettivi a livello internazionale: un paradosso?
Tax competition in the EU - its consequences for tax revenue structureJan Huňady
Tax Competition and its Consequences for Tax Revenue Structure in Developed Countries: Empirical Evidence Using Panel Cointegration Approach
Publication is available at:
https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563061913
Abstract
The paper examines the long run changes in the tax revenue structure in developed countries. We are particularly focused on the testing of a potential shift from taxation on mobile tax bases to less mobile ones, which could be seen as one of the results of rising tax competition. We assume that a decrease in corporate tax revenues is compensated for by higher tax revenues from taxing work and property. Our dataset consists of panel date from 22 OECD countries within the period 1965 to 2012. We tested the potential causalities within the tax mix using Granger causality tests as well as the DOLS and FMOLS panel cointegration techniques in order to reveal possible long run causalities. As far as we know, these techniques have not before been used in this field. Long-run inverse causalities between corporate tax and personal tax revenue as well as corporate tax revenue and indirect taxes are found. Our results could have several important implications for the tax policies in developed countries.
This document discusses various tools for measuring corruption from theoretical and practical perspectives. It describes experts' assessments, composite indices, sample surveys on experiences of corruption, and service delivery surveys as common approaches. Experts' assessments are relatively inexpensive but rely on individual perceptions, while composite indices synthesize different data but may lack policy-making usefulness. Sample surveys can investigate how corruption occurs and its impacts, targeting individuals, businesses, or civil servants. Service delivery surveys give consumers a voice and provide unambiguous data for monitoring reforms over time. Other examples discussed are the Council of Europe's comprehensive monitoring approach.
Tunisie sondage : Une économie en manque de performance et la corruption cont...Jamaity
Tunis, Tunisie— Un nouveau sondage réalisé par le centre de l’Institut Républicain International (IRI) pour les sondages révèle que les mauvaises conditions économiques et la corruption continuent de susciter une grande insatisfaction publique en Tunisie.
« Ce sondage renforce une nécessité vitale de résoudre les problèmes les plus préoccupants des tunisiens : la corruption et l’économie, » déclare Scott Mastic, Directeur Régional pour l’Afrique du Nord et le Moyen Orient. » Nos résultats renforcent le besoin de faire face à la corruption aux niveaux local et national, et espérons que le gouvernement intègre cette approche dans sa ‘guerre contre la corruption’ lancée tout récemment »
Un total de 87% des tunisiens décrivent la situation économique comme mauvaise (26%) ou très mauvaise (61%). (44%) disent que le chômage est le plus grand problème auquel fait face le pays, suivi de l’économie et la crise financière à 24%. Une majorité claire de répondants (72%) pense que la lutte contre la corruption est le meilleur moyen pour améliorer l’économie de leurs communautés, suivi de 59% qui disent que les collectivités locales vont « rendre plus facile de lancer des entreprises pour les entrepreneurs »
La corruption continue d’être une préoccupation majeure, avec 89% de tunisiens qui affirment que la corruption est plus élevée aujourd’hui qu’avant la révolution démocratique de 2011. 46% pensent que les relations personnelles (wasta) mèneraient le « plus probablement » vers la richesse en Tunisie. Particulièrement, pour la deuxième fois dans l’histoire des sondages en Tunisie, les répondants ont mis les hôpitaux en tête des institutions où ils auraient fait face à la corruption (17%).
Le sondage indique aussi in déclin de l’intérêt à la participation au processus électoral. 50% des répondants disent qu’ils sont « peu » (9%) ou « très peu » (41%) enclins à aller voter aux élections municipales-une augmentation de 7 point par rapport à avril 2017. En outre, 83% ne savent pas ou refusent de dire à quels partis ils voteraient si les élections allaient être organisées demain.
Méthodologie
Ce sondage a été mené pour le compte du Centre de l’Institut Républicain International (IRI) pour les sondages par la société tunisienne, ELKA Consulting sous la supervision de Chesapeake Beach Consulting. Les questions avaient focalisé en premier sur l’économie afin de fournir aux différentes parties prenantes des données et de permettre aussi de leur indiquer les priorités publiques.
Les données ont été collectées du 11 au 17 Août 2017 moyennant des interviews en face à face. Un échantillon national de 1226 Tunisiens âgés de 18 ans et plus. Un sur-échantillonnage a été effectué dans trois régions connaissant des difficultés économiques. La marge d’erreur étant de plus ou moins 2, 85% au milieu de gamme de niveau de confiance de 95%. Les chiffres indiqués dans les graphs et des tableaux peuvent ne pas faire la somme de 100% en raison de l’arrondissement.
Similar to HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, Nicholas Charron (20)
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This document discusses measurement issues in comparing well-being and culture across countries. It covers 5 main issues: 1) Response styles may not fully explain differences in life satisfaction scores between countries. 2) Well-being items do not always function the same way across cultures, though lack of measurement equivalence only partly explains score differences. 3) Self-presentation and 4) judgmental/memory biases may also contribute to differences to a small-moderate degree. 5) The meaning and desirability of happiness differs across cultures, which can further impact scores. The document also advocates developing indigenous well-being measures that are meaningful within each local context.
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Revisiting affect: Which states to measure, and how_Conal Smith.pdfStatsCommunications
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2) Regression results are presented analyzing the relationship between life satisfaction, experienced wellbeing measures like happiness, and factors like income, location, and life events. Income is found to have a smaller effect on experienced wellbeing than life satisfaction.
3) An application of using experienced wellbeing data to value urban green space is described, with results suggesting experienced wellbeing may provide different valuations than typical hedonic pricing estimates.
Revisiting affect: Which states to measure, and how_Arthur Stone.pdfStatsCommunications
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Presentation from Tatsuyoshi Oba, Executive Manager of Group HR Division, Persol Holdings during the OECD WISE Centre & Persol Holdings Workshop on Advancing Employee Well-being in Business and Finance, 22 November 2023
Presentation from Amy Browne, Stewardship Lead, CCLA Investment Management, during the OECD WISE Centre & Persol Holdings Workshop on Advancing Employee Well-being in Business and Finance, 22 November 2023
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This is the webinar recording from the June 2024 HubSpot User Group (HUG) for B2B Technology USA.
Watch the video recording at https://youtu.be/5vjwGfPN9lw
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2. www.qog.pol.gu.se
Overview
• Definitions and measures of institutional quality: focus on corruption
• Critiques of current measures
• Evalutation of perceptions measures using new survey data
• Brief thoughts on advantages/disadvantages of using survey methods
• Very brief results on relationship between institutional quality & trust at sub-
national level
3. www.qog.pol.gu.se
Defining ’corruption’ and how we measure it
• Broadly defined as: ‘the sale by government officials of government property for
personal gain’. (Shleifer and Vishny, 1993: 2)
• Like trust/ social capital, corruption difficult to measure (but for some different reasons).
• Clandestine nature makes direct measurement almost impossible
• Occurs at many levels (petty to grand corruption) & varies by sector (Gingrich 2013)
• Shown to ’matter’ for a host of socio-ecnomic outcomes of interest
Mainly applied measures thus far:
• survey methods:
a. ’perceptions’ – experts, NGO’s, citizens – World Bank, CPI
b. tracking experiences (bribery) – TI’s Global Barometer
2. ’objective’
a. direct: convictions or charges,
b. risk measures: (procurment competition, infrastructure spending deviations)
4. www.qog.pol.gu.se
Our contribution at QOG measuring institutions: EQI
European Quality of Government Index
(EQI – Charron, Lapuente & Rothstein
2013; Charron, Dijkstra & Lapuente
2015)
-QoG = public sector with low
corrupiton, high imparitality and quality
services
-combines 16 survey indicators of these
3 concepts in several sectors
-items are based on perceptions &
experiences of citizens (85,000)
-strongly correlated with many
indicators of development; trust
5. www.qog.pol.gu.se
How well do corruption perception measures reflect actual
levels of public sector corruption?
• Many argue not very well, in particular the widely used perceptions measures…
puts valid inferences into question
• They reflect somthing other than corruption (Kurtz & Shrank 2007), too complex
(Politt 2011), based on Western understanding of corruption (Thomas 2009) or
problematic in time series (Andersson & Heywood 2009)
• Whole country bias (Charron et al 2014)
• Expert assessments don’t match citizen experiences (Razafindrakoto and Roubaud,
2010)
• Citizen perceptions don’t match citizen experiences (Olken 2009; Rose & Mishler
2010)
2 questions:
1.are these too ‘noisy’ to be used as valid cross-national/regional metrics?
2. are expert and citizen assessments of corruption consistent across countries?
6. www.qog.pol.gu.se
Assessing some of these questions
• Use of 2 large surveys which track corruption, impartiality and quality of public services in
European countries (’European Quality of Government Index ’EQI’ – Charron et al, 2014 &
2015).
• 34,000 & 85,000 randomly selected citizen respondents, 200 & 400 sampled in REGIONS
(nuts 2) within 18 & 24 contries respectively. 35 questions in total:
• 4 questions about corruption perceptions – health, education, law, others bribe
• 4 questions about corruption experience (petty bribery)
Europe as a case – 'reverse Sanatra', if not valid here, where?
5 main tests of validity I'll discuss:
1.Compare the RANKINGS of countries and regions: with & without experience
2.Correlations with perceptions/experience regression residuals & outside factors
3.Compare expert country rankings with those produced by citizens
4.Compare with objective corruption risk measures
5.Rasch analysis – equivilance of questions across countries, question scaling
7. www.qog.pol.gu.se
1: comparison of rankings
• Perceptions measures are about
relative comparisons, RANKINGS, etc.
- not necessarily about exact
numbers
• split our samples into those that have
paid a bribe, and those that have not,
and compare the corruption
perceptions between those two
groups
• what do we see? Pretty consistent
rankings of countries and even
regions
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
DenmarkFinland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
Ukraine
UK
Kosovo
beta: 0.85
s.e: 0.11
Rsq: 0.71
234567
corruptionperceptionsinaggregatedsamplewithoutexperience
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
corruption perceptions in aggregated sample with experience
FR10
FR21 FR22
FR23
FR24
FR25
FR26
FR30
FR41
FR42FR43FR51
FR52FR53FR61FR62FR63FR71FR72
FR81
FR82
FR83
FR91
FR92FR93FR94
BG31
BG32
BG33
BG34
BG41
BG42
PT11
PT15
PT16 PT17
PT18
PT20
PT30
DK01 DK05
SE1SE2 SE3
BE1
BE2
BE3
HR03
HR04
GR1GR2GR3
GR4
DE1
DE2 DE3 DE4DE5DE6DE7DE8DE9 DEADEB DECDED
DEE
DEF
DEG
ITC1
ITC2
ITC3ITC4
ITD1ITD2
ITD3
ITD4
ITD5ITE1
ITE2ITE3
ITE4
ITF1
ITF2
ITF3
ITF4
ITF5
ITF6
ITG1
ITG2 ES11
ES12
ES13 ES21ES22
ES23
ES24ES30ES41 ES42
ES43
ES51 ES52ES53
ES61
ES62
ES70
UKCUKD UKE
UKFUKG
UKH UKI UKJ
UKKUKLUKM UKN
HU1HU2HU3
CZ01
CZ02
CZ03
CZ04
CZ05CZ06
CZ07
CZ08
SK01SK02SK03
SK04
RO11
RO12
RO21
RO22RO31
RO32
RO41RO42
AT11
AT12
AT13
AT21AT22
AT31
AT32 AT33
AT34
NL11 NL12NL13NL21
NL22
NL23NL31
NL32NL33NL34NL41
NL42
PL11PL12PL21
PL22
PL31PL32PL33
PL34
PL41
PL42PL43
PL51
PL52PL61PL62PL63
FI13 FI18 FI19FI1A
FI20
IE01
IE02
TR1
TR2
TR3
TR4
TR5
TR6
TR7
TR8 TR9
TRA
TRB
TRC
RS11
RS21
RS22
RS22
RS23
Kharkov
Zakarpatt
Odessa
CrimeaKiev
Lviv
Rsq: 0.62
obs: 209
02468
perceptionsofthosewithoutcorruptionexp.
0 2 4 6 8 10
perceptions of those with corruption exp.
Aggregated responses: samples with vs. without corruption experience
Perceptions of Corruption in European Regions
8. www.qog.pol.gu.se
2: how much outside noise?
Two tests:
1.Aggregate perceptions by country &
region for split samples of citizens with
& without experience. Regress non-
experience on experience,
2.Aggregate mean perceptions &
proportion of respondents with
experience by country & region.
Regress perceptions mean on
experience proportion,
-look at correltions of residuals &
outside factors
Beta (p-value) R² obs
COUNTRY LEVEL
PPP p.c. (log) -0.02 (0.92) 0.005 23, 24
Econ. Ineq. 0.04 (0.15) 0.09 23, 24
Gender pay gap 6.05 (0.11) 0.13 23, 24
Unemployment (%) 0.02 (0.46) 0.05 23, 24
Pop. Denistiy (log) -0.21 (0.09) 0.14 23, 24
ethno-linguistic frac. -1.61 (0.39) 0.03 23, 24
Life expectancy 0.02 (0.52) 0.02 23, 24
political rights 0.06 (0.52) 0.002 23, 24
press freedom -0.02 (0.73) 0.005 23, 24
corruption (CPI) -0.03 (0.67) 0.008 23, 24
REGIONAL LEVEL
PPP p.c. (log, 2007-09 ave) 0.01(.06) 0.002 186
Econ. Inequality -.003(.79) 0.02 178
Unemployment 0.009(.11) 0.01 209
Pop. Density (log) -0.002(.99) 0.0001 186
% non-EU born(log) -0.003(.96) 0.0001 180
Life Expectancy -0.004(.74) 0.0006 186
capital region (0/1) 0.14(.21) 0.01 209
autonomous (0/1) -0.20(.11) 0.01 209
Socio-economic factors
Demographic factors
Geo-political factors
Political factors
Economic factors
Demographic factors
9. www.qog.pol.gu.se
3. EXPERTS VS CITIZEN PERCEPTIONS: 24 COUNTRIES
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
DK
FI
IE
NL
UK
SE
DE
AT
PL
TR
BE
ES
FR
IT
HU
CZ
PT
BG
RO
GR
SK
HR
RS
UA
Citizen Percep. CPI
WGI ICRG
Citizen Exp.
12. www.qog.pol.gu.se
5. Rasch Analysis (Annoni & Charron 2016)
• Used in education in psycology to assess validity of a set test/ survey questions
designed to measure an underlying latent concept
• Data driven method, model assumed to be ’correct’
• Can help us test:
- ’equivilance’ across countries, other categories
- If the scaling is appropriate (or if we have too many categories, nuetral category,)
- Internal consistancy of the individual components, how they cluster
Key findings:
-corruption questions proved equivilant across all countries.
-scaling issues: eliminate nuetral category and reduce scale
-identified one question that can be exchanged next round
13. www.qog.pol.gu.se
Some general conclusions
• Corruption (& related QoG concepts) are latent, multifaceted, clandestine and
thus will never completely be observable in total.
• Given a well-crafted survey, it is efficient (time-wise) in data collection, Gives
policy-makers a ’snap-shot’ of what citizens think in the aggregate
• citizens compliment to measures based on ’expert’ assessments
• Analysis shows that perceptions measures (in Europe) maybe slightly less
problematic than some argue
• Tougher to use in over time analyses, as ‘benchmark’ measure of progress
• Attention away from country means
• Perceptions matter! (stock market, elections, etc. often driven by expectations of
what others will do…)
• Policy vs research: certain research questions, a perception/experienced based
citizen (or expert) survey meausure is prefered to an objective measure alternative
14. www.qog.pol.gu.se
Relationship with social trust
• ’informal institutions’
• Both concepts very important in
explaining growth, development,
inequality, etc.
• Similar methods and pitfalls of
measurment
• 2013 EQI asked the binary ’trust others’
question
• Measures are strongly linked, across and
within countries..