This document provides an analysis of Turkey's macro environment using the PEST framework. It begins with an overview of how to conduct a macro environmental analysis and defines the four factors of a PEST analysis as political, economic, social-cultural, and technological. Tables show Turkey's quarterly population growth rates from 1955-2000 and population distribution between urban and rural areas from 1955-1997. For each PEST factor, key influences are identified such as Turkey's taxation policies, economic growth rates, age distribution, and technological innovations. An example PEST analysis of Pepsi is also provided to demonstrate how the framework can be applied.
This document provides an analysis of the macro environment in Turkey using the PEST framework. It begins with an introduction to macro environmental analysis and the PEST method. It then examines the political, economic, social-cultural, and technological factors affecting Turkey. For each factor, it provides examples and data like population growth rates and urbanization trends. It concludes with an example PEST analysis of Pepsi to demonstrate how the framework can be applied.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES THE OPERATIONS OF THE BUSINESSprince koduah
INFORMATION ON THE VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT BRINGS ABOUT THE RISE AND FALL OF THE BUSINESS OPERATIONS IN RESPECT TO THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE BUSINESS.
A. Sbardella, A. Cetrulo, M. E. Virgillito, 30 Novembre - 1 Dicembre 2021 -
Webinar: Il monitoraggio degli squilibri: territorio, genere, comportamenti
Titolo: Vanishing social classes? Facts and figures of the Italian labour market
The document discusses and compares command vs market economies, specifically focusing on the Soviet Union. It makes three key points:
1. The Communist Party claimed legitimacy based on ensuring security, economic growth, and social justice. However, the Soviet military was unable to match the US, economic performance lagged the West, and greater social justice was not achieved.
2. Gorbachev's reforms in the 1980s (perestroika and glasnost) attempted but failed to make the communist system work through decentralization, private enterprise, and foreign investment. Reforms were not comprehensive enough.
3. By 1991, the Soviet Union was experiencing high inflation, budget deficits, production declines, and loss of
The document discusses various sources of change for businesses, including both external factors outside their control such as changing markets, economic conditions, and technology, as well as internal factors they can influence. It provides examples of external factors like globalization, e-commerce, and economic indicators, and how governments can impact businesses through policies. Internal changes come from accelerating technology, new systems and business cultures that companies introduce.
Here are some ways those economic problems in the Philippines relate to economics:
- Low economic mobility and poverty/income inequality are issues of how resources and goods/services are distributed throughout society. Economics studies how scarce resources are allocated to meet societies' needs and wants. Unequal distribution of resources can lead to these problems.
- Unemployment occurs when there is a mismatch between the skills/abilities of the labor force and the demands of the job market. Economics examines how markets for goods, services, and labor function. When there are imbalances or inefficiencies in labor markets, unemployment may result.
- All three problems ultimately stem from issues of production, consumption, and the overall functioning of the economy. Economics analyzes
This document discusses key economic indicators such as GDP, CPI, unemployment rate, and their limitations. It defines GDP, nominal and real GDP, and outlines several shortcomings of using GDP alone to measure economic well-being. These include the exclusion of non-market activities, quality improvements, and environmental costs. The document also explains how the CPI and unemployment rate are calculated, and introduces Okun's Law relating GDP growth and unemployment changes.
This document provides an analysis of the macro environment in Turkey using the PEST framework. It begins with an introduction to macro environmental analysis and the PEST method. It then examines the political, economic, social-cultural, and technological factors affecting Turkey. For each factor, it provides examples and data like population growth rates and urbanization trends. It concludes with an example PEST analysis of Pepsi to demonstrate how the framework can be applied.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES THE OPERATIONS OF THE BUSINESSprince koduah
INFORMATION ON THE VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT BRINGS ABOUT THE RISE AND FALL OF THE BUSINESS OPERATIONS IN RESPECT TO THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE BUSINESS.
A. Sbardella, A. Cetrulo, M. E. Virgillito, 30 Novembre - 1 Dicembre 2021 -
Webinar: Il monitoraggio degli squilibri: territorio, genere, comportamenti
Titolo: Vanishing social classes? Facts and figures of the Italian labour market
The document discusses and compares command vs market economies, specifically focusing on the Soviet Union. It makes three key points:
1. The Communist Party claimed legitimacy based on ensuring security, economic growth, and social justice. However, the Soviet military was unable to match the US, economic performance lagged the West, and greater social justice was not achieved.
2. Gorbachev's reforms in the 1980s (perestroika and glasnost) attempted but failed to make the communist system work through decentralization, private enterprise, and foreign investment. Reforms were not comprehensive enough.
3. By 1991, the Soviet Union was experiencing high inflation, budget deficits, production declines, and loss of
The document discusses various sources of change for businesses, including both external factors outside their control such as changing markets, economic conditions, and technology, as well as internal factors they can influence. It provides examples of external factors like globalization, e-commerce, and economic indicators, and how governments can impact businesses through policies. Internal changes come from accelerating technology, new systems and business cultures that companies introduce.
Here are some ways those economic problems in the Philippines relate to economics:
- Low economic mobility and poverty/income inequality are issues of how resources and goods/services are distributed throughout society. Economics studies how scarce resources are allocated to meet societies' needs and wants. Unequal distribution of resources can lead to these problems.
- Unemployment occurs when there is a mismatch between the skills/abilities of the labor force and the demands of the job market. Economics examines how markets for goods, services, and labor function. When there are imbalances or inefficiencies in labor markets, unemployment may result.
- All three problems ultimately stem from issues of production, consumption, and the overall functioning of the economy. Economics analyzes
This document discusses key economic indicators such as GDP, CPI, unemployment rate, and their limitations. It defines GDP, nominal and real GDP, and outlines several shortcomings of using GDP alone to measure economic well-being. These include the exclusion of non-market activities, quality improvements, and environmental costs. The document also explains how the CPI and unemployment rate are calculated, and introduces Okun's Law relating GDP growth and unemployment changes.
Agriculture plays an important role in Turkey's economy, providing approximately 27% of national income. Turkey has fertile soil and climate suitable for growing many crops. The country is one of the world's largest producers of many agricultural goods, including hazelnuts, figs, apricots, raisins, vegetables, grapes, tobacco, and wheat. While agriculture's share of the economy has declined with industrialization, the government has undertaken irrigation projects to support agricultural development.
The document is a group project report from Okan University's Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences. It analyzes consumers' thinking about using credit cards based on a survey of 60 people in Tuzla, Turkey. The survey collected demographic data and asked questions about credit card usage. The group drafted 6 reports from the primary data summary analyzing relationships between different survey questions and responses.
This document discusses entrepreneurship in Italian firms, focusing on small and medium businesses (SMBs) and industrial districts. Some key points:
- 98% of Italian companies have less than 50 employees, with over 80% having less than 10, making SMBs a major employer in Italy.
- Industrial districts are localized areas with a high concentration of specialized SMBs. There are nearly 200 districts across Italy's productive sectors.
- Districts offer advantages for SMBs like a collaborative culture, trust between companies, and an extended division of labor without the costs of large firms.
- The typical Italian entrepreneur is self-made, seeking social and self fulfillment through business success while tightly controlling their growth.
This document discusses the Bolsa Familia program in Brazil, a conditional cash transfer program aimed at reducing poverty. It provides context on Brazil's history of high inequality and poverty levels. The Bolsa Familia program began in the late 1980s/early 1990s and provides cash assistance to families contingent on children's school attendance. The program has been credited with reducing poverty and inequality in Brazil. The document discusses whether Bolsa Familia represents another "economic miracle" for Brazil, following a period of high growth in the 1960s-1970s, and whether such social programs can end poverty globally.
This document provides an overview of Brazil's Bolsa Familia conditional cash transfer program. It discusses how Bolsa Familia was launched in 2003 under President Lula da Silva to help reduce poverty and inequality in Brazil by providing monthly cash payments to low-income families conditional on children's school attendance and health care visits. The program reached about a quarter of Brazil's population and is credited with more than halving extreme poverty and significantly reducing income inequality in the country. While some were initially skeptical of the program, most analyses now see it as playing a key role in Brazil's improvements in socioeconomic conditions over the last decade.
Rica Diaspora, LLC has a specific mission to enhance professional performance through capacity building skills for organizations and individuals in the Americas. At the request of CARITRANS, LTD, an engineering consulting company in Trinidad and Tobago, Rica Diaspora was contracted to explore partnerships with Brazilian counterparts in civil engineering. The trip to Brazil accomplished the objectives of scoping economic opportunities and establishing contacts within the Diaspora. The company's impact increased awareness of the Caribbean, specifically Trinidad and Tobago, and knowledge of Brazil.
Terrence Jones is a basketball player from Portland, Oregon who attended Jefferson High School and the University of Kentucky. He was a highly decorated high school player who led his team to three state championships and was named a McDonald's All-American. At Kentucky, he was named Freshman of the Year and was part of the 2012 National Championship team.
Terrence Jones is a basketball player from Portland, Oregon who attended Jefferson High School and the University of Kentucky. He was a highly decorated high school player who led his team to three state championships and was named a McDonald's All-American. At Kentucky, he was named Freshman of the Year and was part of the 2012 National Championship team.
Este documento presenta un resumen de por qué se escribió el libro "La Vida Familiar". La autora buscó durante más de 20 años encontrar una familia piadosa basada en los principios bíblicos en África, pero tuvo poco éxito. El libro fue escrito para proveer enseñanzas sobre la vida familiar de acuerdo al plan de Dios y cómo esto puede transformar vidas e impactar positivamente a las naciones. El objetivo es desafiar a los lectores a construir familias fortalecidas por la Palabra de Dios.
Austin Berry is a political science major and former football player at the University of Kentucky who is known as a hard worker and music junkie, expressing his love for his school where he was born and currently attends.
Austin Berry is a political science major and former football player at the University of Kentucky who is known as a hard worker and music junkie, expressing his love for his school where he was born and currently attends.
Austin Berry is a political science major and former football player at the University of Kentucky who is known as a hard worker and music junkie, expressing his love for his school where he was born and currently attends.
Financial management of construction contractsidnobleg77
This document summarizes a research paper on the financial management of construction contracts. It discusses key concepts related to construction contracts, including:
1) International Accounting Standard 11 (IAS 11) provides the framework for accounting and recognizing construction contracts.
2) Constructability aims to improve project quality through better communication among designers, contractors, and other participants to reduce risks.
3) Cost shifting, where costs are deliberately or accidentally misallocated between contracts, can significantly impact a contractor's financial statements and is a risk auditors must watch for.
4) The paper presents frameworks for measuring and recognizing contract costs and revenues over the course of a project based on its completion percentage. It also discusses how to treat
Este documento proporciona instrucciones en 3 pasos para distribuir conocimiento espiritual a través de correos electrónicos sin necesidad de salir a realizar sankirtan físicamente. Primero, separar contactos devotos de no devotos. Segundo, enviar un correo breve a contactos no devotos sobre libros espirituales. Tercero, hacer amigos en redes sociales para ganar más contactos a quienes enviar el correo. Se ofrece ayuda adicional para quien lo necesite.
O documento apresenta sete limericks descrevendo senhores de diferentes cidades portuguesas, cada um com características físicas peculiares e ridículas, como narizes em forma de coco, cabeça de gigante, chifres de touro.
O documento apresenta vários limeriques sobre senhores de diferentes locais, descrevendo características físicas peculiares de cada um, como narizes, pernas ou cabeças desproporcionais. As rimas e a métrica dos versos contribuem para o tom humorístico da narrativa.
Bush envió un jeroglífico a Bin Laden desafiándolo a salir de su escondite. Bin Laden respondió con su propio jeroglífico que Bush no pudo descifrar. La CIA tuvo que llamar a un experto callejero quien rápidamente interpretó el mensaje de Bin Laden como una grosería hacia Bush.
La escalada es una actividad deportiva que consiste en ascender paredes de fuerte pendiente utilizando la fuerza física y un calzado especial. Existen diferentes tipos de escalada como en roca, hielo o mixta, así como en rocódromo o boulder. Se requiere equipo como cuerda, arnés, casco y mosquetones para asegurar al escalador. Los cuatro ejes principales son la seguridad, el uso del equipo, la lectura de la roca y el trabajo de apoyo con los pies.
O documento descreve o 13o Projeto "Uma Semana Prá Jesus" realizado pela Federação das Sociedades Metodistas de Mulheres da 5a Região para evangelizar a população da cidade de Jardim, MS. Também menciona a campanha dos talentos da SMM chegando ao fim e as atividades de visita ao Lar Betel e o "Acampadentro" planejado.
Este documento presta homenagem póstuma ao Prof. Dr. Elias Boaventura, que faleceu em janeiro de 2012. Também relata a eleição da nova diretoria da Sociedade de Mulheres Metodistas e o Dia Mundial de Oração celebrado em março. Por fim, anuncia eventos como o Encontro Online de abril e a homenagem aos pastores no Dia do Pastor.
PEST analysis is a strategic framework used by organizations to assess and analyze the external macro-environmental factors that can impact their business. The acronym stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological factors. PEST analysis involves identifying and evaluating these four categories of factors to gain insights into potential opportunities and threats in the market. It helps businesses adapt their strategies and make informed decisions based on the prevailing political climate, economic conditions, societal trends, and technological advancements.
The document discusses the marketing environment and its various levels and factors. It defines marketing environment as internal and external factors that affect a company's marketing strategies. There are three levels of the marketing environment - micro, meso, and macro. The macro environment includes larger societal forces like demographic, economic, social/cultural, natural, technological, and political factors. Each of these factors is then further described in detail and how they impact marketing strategies. The document also discusses the global marketing environment, Indian marketing environment, and provides an overview of PESTEL analysis as a tool to analyze the macro environment of an organization.
Agriculture plays an important role in Turkey's economy, providing approximately 27% of national income. Turkey has fertile soil and climate suitable for growing many crops. The country is one of the world's largest producers of many agricultural goods, including hazelnuts, figs, apricots, raisins, vegetables, grapes, tobacco, and wheat. While agriculture's share of the economy has declined with industrialization, the government has undertaken irrigation projects to support agricultural development.
The document is a group project report from Okan University's Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences. It analyzes consumers' thinking about using credit cards based on a survey of 60 people in Tuzla, Turkey. The survey collected demographic data and asked questions about credit card usage. The group drafted 6 reports from the primary data summary analyzing relationships between different survey questions and responses.
This document discusses entrepreneurship in Italian firms, focusing on small and medium businesses (SMBs) and industrial districts. Some key points:
- 98% of Italian companies have less than 50 employees, with over 80% having less than 10, making SMBs a major employer in Italy.
- Industrial districts are localized areas with a high concentration of specialized SMBs. There are nearly 200 districts across Italy's productive sectors.
- Districts offer advantages for SMBs like a collaborative culture, trust between companies, and an extended division of labor without the costs of large firms.
- The typical Italian entrepreneur is self-made, seeking social and self fulfillment through business success while tightly controlling their growth.
This document discusses the Bolsa Familia program in Brazil, a conditional cash transfer program aimed at reducing poverty. It provides context on Brazil's history of high inequality and poverty levels. The Bolsa Familia program began in the late 1980s/early 1990s and provides cash assistance to families contingent on children's school attendance. The program has been credited with reducing poverty and inequality in Brazil. The document discusses whether Bolsa Familia represents another "economic miracle" for Brazil, following a period of high growth in the 1960s-1970s, and whether such social programs can end poverty globally.
This document provides an overview of Brazil's Bolsa Familia conditional cash transfer program. It discusses how Bolsa Familia was launched in 2003 under President Lula da Silva to help reduce poverty and inequality in Brazil by providing monthly cash payments to low-income families conditional on children's school attendance and health care visits. The program reached about a quarter of Brazil's population and is credited with more than halving extreme poverty and significantly reducing income inequality in the country. While some were initially skeptical of the program, most analyses now see it as playing a key role in Brazil's improvements in socioeconomic conditions over the last decade.
Rica Diaspora, LLC has a specific mission to enhance professional performance through capacity building skills for organizations and individuals in the Americas. At the request of CARITRANS, LTD, an engineering consulting company in Trinidad and Tobago, Rica Diaspora was contracted to explore partnerships with Brazilian counterparts in civil engineering. The trip to Brazil accomplished the objectives of scoping economic opportunities and establishing contacts within the Diaspora. The company's impact increased awareness of the Caribbean, specifically Trinidad and Tobago, and knowledge of Brazil.
Terrence Jones is a basketball player from Portland, Oregon who attended Jefferson High School and the University of Kentucky. He was a highly decorated high school player who led his team to three state championships and was named a McDonald's All-American. At Kentucky, he was named Freshman of the Year and was part of the 2012 National Championship team.
Terrence Jones is a basketball player from Portland, Oregon who attended Jefferson High School and the University of Kentucky. He was a highly decorated high school player who led his team to three state championships and was named a McDonald's All-American. At Kentucky, he was named Freshman of the Year and was part of the 2012 National Championship team.
Este documento presenta un resumen de por qué se escribió el libro "La Vida Familiar". La autora buscó durante más de 20 años encontrar una familia piadosa basada en los principios bíblicos en África, pero tuvo poco éxito. El libro fue escrito para proveer enseñanzas sobre la vida familiar de acuerdo al plan de Dios y cómo esto puede transformar vidas e impactar positivamente a las naciones. El objetivo es desafiar a los lectores a construir familias fortalecidas por la Palabra de Dios.
Austin Berry is a political science major and former football player at the University of Kentucky who is known as a hard worker and music junkie, expressing his love for his school where he was born and currently attends.
Austin Berry is a political science major and former football player at the University of Kentucky who is known as a hard worker and music junkie, expressing his love for his school where he was born and currently attends.
Austin Berry is a political science major and former football player at the University of Kentucky who is known as a hard worker and music junkie, expressing his love for his school where he was born and currently attends.
Financial management of construction contractsidnobleg77
This document summarizes a research paper on the financial management of construction contracts. It discusses key concepts related to construction contracts, including:
1) International Accounting Standard 11 (IAS 11) provides the framework for accounting and recognizing construction contracts.
2) Constructability aims to improve project quality through better communication among designers, contractors, and other participants to reduce risks.
3) Cost shifting, where costs are deliberately or accidentally misallocated between contracts, can significantly impact a contractor's financial statements and is a risk auditors must watch for.
4) The paper presents frameworks for measuring and recognizing contract costs and revenues over the course of a project based on its completion percentage. It also discusses how to treat
Este documento proporciona instrucciones en 3 pasos para distribuir conocimiento espiritual a través de correos electrónicos sin necesidad de salir a realizar sankirtan físicamente. Primero, separar contactos devotos de no devotos. Segundo, enviar un correo breve a contactos no devotos sobre libros espirituales. Tercero, hacer amigos en redes sociales para ganar más contactos a quienes enviar el correo. Se ofrece ayuda adicional para quien lo necesite.
O documento apresenta sete limericks descrevendo senhores de diferentes cidades portuguesas, cada um com características físicas peculiares e ridículas, como narizes em forma de coco, cabeça de gigante, chifres de touro.
O documento apresenta vários limeriques sobre senhores de diferentes locais, descrevendo características físicas peculiares de cada um, como narizes, pernas ou cabeças desproporcionais. As rimas e a métrica dos versos contribuem para o tom humorístico da narrativa.
Bush envió un jeroglífico a Bin Laden desafiándolo a salir de su escondite. Bin Laden respondió con su propio jeroglífico que Bush no pudo descifrar. La CIA tuvo que llamar a un experto callejero quien rápidamente interpretó el mensaje de Bin Laden como una grosería hacia Bush.
La escalada es una actividad deportiva que consiste en ascender paredes de fuerte pendiente utilizando la fuerza física y un calzado especial. Existen diferentes tipos de escalada como en roca, hielo o mixta, así como en rocódromo o boulder. Se requiere equipo como cuerda, arnés, casco y mosquetones para asegurar al escalador. Los cuatro ejes principales son la seguridad, el uso del equipo, la lectura de la roca y el trabajo de apoyo con los pies.
O documento descreve o 13o Projeto "Uma Semana Prá Jesus" realizado pela Federação das Sociedades Metodistas de Mulheres da 5a Região para evangelizar a população da cidade de Jardim, MS. Também menciona a campanha dos talentos da SMM chegando ao fim e as atividades de visita ao Lar Betel e o "Acampadentro" planejado.
Este documento presta homenagem póstuma ao Prof. Dr. Elias Boaventura, que faleceu em janeiro de 2012. Também relata a eleição da nova diretoria da Sociedade de Mulheres Metodistas e o Dia Mundial de Oração celebrado em março. Por fim, anuncia eventos como o Encontro Online de abril e a homenagem aos pastores no Dia do Pastor.
PEST analysis is a strategic framework used by organizations to assess and analyze the external macro-environmental factors that can impact their business. The acronym stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological factors. PEST analysis involves identifying and evaluating these four categories of factors to gain insights into potential opportunities and threats in the market. It helps businesses adapt their strategies and make informed decisions based on the prevailing political climate, economic conditions, societal trends, and technological advancements.
The document discusses the marketing environment and its various levels and factors. It defines marketing environment as internal and external factors that affect a company's marketing strategies. There are three levels of the marketing environment - micro, meso, and macro. The macro environment includes larger societal forces like demographic, economic, social/cultural, natural, technological, and political factors. Each of these factors is then further described in detail and how they impact marketing strategies. The document also discusses the global marketing environment, Indian marketing environment, and provides an overview of PESTEL analysis as a tool to analyze the macro environment of an organization.
The document discusses the marketing environment and its various elements. It defines marketing environment as internal and external factors that affect a firm's marketing strategies. There are three levels of the marketing environment - micro, meso, and macro. It then goes on to explain the key factors under each element of the marketing environment - demographic, economic, socio-cultural, natural, technological, and political. These include factors like population growth, income distribution, social trends, environmental concerns, technological advancements, and government regulations respectively. The document provides details on each of these environmental factors and their impact on marketing.
The document discusses global trends in tourism and their implications. It notes that international tourist arrivals are projected to increase significantly by 2020 and tourism is a major export for many developing countries. Key trends discussed include population growth, aging populations, urbanization, and changing social, economic and environmental factors. Understanding trends is important for identifying opportunities and threats for the tourism industry.
The document discusses several trends that will impact the future, including climate change, aging populations, increasing diversity and urbanization. It notes that we usually overestimate short-term changes but underestimate long-term changes. It also discusses how aging populations will increase health care costs significantly and drive up public spending. Finally, it outlines six dynamics of the service sector and how social values are shifting toward more secular and rational views with an emphasis on self-expression.
The document discusses the various elements of the external business environment including the micro and macro environment. It provides details on the economic, political, socio-cultural, legal, technological, and physical environment. The economic environment section outlines factors such as the economic system, policies, and indicators of a country. The political environment section describes the political system, laws, and responsibilities of business and government. The socio-cultural environment influences business through factors like family, social class, and culture. Techniques for analyzing the external environment include SWOT and ETOP analysis.
Presentación utilizada por Adrian Smith, investigador de la universidad de Sussex, en el diálogo (im)probable organizado en el itdUPM sobre la teoría de las transiciones
This document provides a strategic analysis for Nishat Mills, including a revised mission statement, PEST analysis, and discussion of technological factors. The revised mission statement adds a focus on using best available technology. The PEST analysis examines political, economic, social/cultural, and environmental factors. Politically, issues like terrorism, corruption and unstable government policies present challenges. Economically, the textile industry provides jobs, exports, government revenue and economic stability. Socially, demographic trends and lifestyle changes impact demand. Technologically, Nishat aims to stay competitive through research and development efforts.
VisitEngland Domestic Trends 2020 Report introduced by Paul Flatters, TrajectoryBruce Martin
This document outlines trends that are likely to impact domestic leisure tourism in the UK over the next decade. It identifies trends in demographics, economics, consumer behavior, technology, and tourism. Key trends include an aging society, economic stagnation, increased importance of leisure spending, and a shift towards active and skills-based tourism. Businesses are advised to consider these trends to successfully adapt to emerging consumer demands and priorities over the coming years.
2 The Emerging Global Environment.pptxHarish Augad
This document provides information about the emerging global environment from 1993 to 2016. It includes the following key points:
- GDP and population data for different world regions from 1993 to 2016, showing East Asia & Pacific and Middle East & North Africa experiencing the highest GDP growth.
- Characteristics of emerging countries, such as high economic growth, an increasing middle class, investments in infrastructure and education, and a shift away from agriculture toward industry and services.
- Different types of emerging countries including the BRICS nations, transition economies, and developing nations in Latin America, Asia, and Africa.
- Data showing emerging countries experiencing much higher GDP growth than industrialized nations from 1990 to 2014.
- Institutional and
Presentación realizada por Alexander Schejtman de Rimisp en la 27th International Conference of Agricultural Economists realizada en Beijing, China, entre el 16 y 22 de agosto de 2009.
The document discusses understanding the macro environment and its impact on hospitality and tourism. It defines the macro environment as the broader sociocultural, technological, political, economic, and ecological factors that influence an organization. It then covers the five major subcategories of the macro environment using a PESTEL analysis framework: political/legal, economic, sociocultural, technological, and ecological. For each, it provides examples of key variables and issues that organizations should track to understand how these macro factors impact operations and strategy. Maintaining awareness of changes in the macro environment helps hospitality and tourism firms realign their strategies to handle external challenges.
This document discusses the circular economy in cities and regions. It provides an overview of a survey of 43 cities and 3 regions on their circular economy initiatives. The top drivers for cities transitioning to a circular economy are climate change and creating new business models. Cities' initiatives mainly focus on waste management and pilot projects. The main obstacles are lack of coordination across levels of government and private sector engagement. A checklist is proposed to help cities develop circular economy visions and transition strategies.
The OECD advises governments on economic, social and technological policies. It recommends strengthening innovation through SMEs by: 1) Promoting entrepreneurship cultures and frameworks that support SMEs. 2) Embedding SMEs in knowledge flows through partnerships and collaboration. 3) Strengthening entrepreneurial human capital through education and training. 4) Improving support for social entrepreneurship through financing, research and incubators.
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It discusses the four main dimensions to achieving the SDGs: economic, social, environmental, and governance. It also outlines some economic challenges, such as high levels of debt in low-income countries, and notes that partnerships are important for achieving the goals.
Global Future Changes and Millennium ProjectJerome Glenn
Overview of global challenges, strategies, new technologies to improve the prospects for humanity from the Millennium Project and its annual State of the Future report
This document discusses a PESTEL analysis framework for analyzing macroenvironmental factors that may impact a business. It defines PESTEL as analyzing political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors. Each of these factors is then further explained. For example, political factors include regulations, trade policies, and tax policies. The document also provides an example PESTEL analysis of Starbucks, identifying key macroenvironmental influences on that company, such as economic recession, technology changes, and environmental regulations. It concludes that while macroenvironmental factors present challenges, Starbucks has demonstrated stability due to operating in the resilient food/beverage industry.
This was presented by Micheal Khan at the Innovation Festival at Spier Wine Estate on 8 and 9 March 2010. The sponsor was Cape Biotech Trust to raise funds for the Southern African Innovation Network (SAINe).
This document discusses the need to reform Uzbekistan's social protection model to align with its future economic and social transformations through 2030. The current model effectively addressed challenges during transition but now replicates aspects of the existing system that need reform. Specifically, the labor market, social assistance, and education systems do not fully support the goals of increasing skilled employment, economic growth from industry/services, and an innovative workforce. Unless reforms are made, sustainability issues will arise for social programs due to constraints on fiscal resources and pension funding. Transforming the economy and ensuring a larger formal sector are keys to enabling necessary changes to social protection.
The novel coronavirus has made supply chains everyone's business. On top of that, the climate crisis is forcing us to come to grips with how man-made supply chains affect the environment.
Put simply; Human activity is causing climate change. All human activity is driven by supply chains. We can't solve the climate crisis until we refashion global supply chains such that they no longer harm our environment.
Working on climate change without first refashioning supply chains is like treating the symptoms of a disease without curing the underlying illness.
In this booklet, Lisa Morales-Hellebo and I explore why the transformation of supply chains is inevitable, and why that presents the biggest investment opportunity of our lifetime.
1. 2011-2012
UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI TRIESTE
MARKETING
FINAL PRESENTATION
ANALYSIS OF THE TURKISH MACRO-ENVIRONMENT
2. CONTENT:
THE MACRO ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS (PEST
ANALYSIS)
HOW TO DO MACRO ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS?
TYPES OF MACRO ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS
POLITICAL FACTORS
TABLE 1: Major Issues of Factors of the Macro
Environmental Analysis
ECONOMIC FACTORS
SOCIAL – CULTUREL FACTORS
TABLE 2 : Quarterly Population Growth Rate in
Turkey TABLE 3 : Population by Urban -
Rural Distribution in Turkey
TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS
EXAMPLE OF PEST ANALYSIS
Pest Analysis of Pepsi
3. THE MACRO ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS
( PEST ANALYSIS )
The macro environmental analysis is the first step in
creating
the Environmental Analysis. The macro environment
examines the general business climate as it relates to the
organization.
The macro environment is primarily concerned with
major issues and upcoming changes in the environment.
The acronym for the macro analysis is “PEST.” The four
areas of interest are Political; Economic; Social-cultural
and Technological.
4.
5. HOW TO DO MACRO ENVIRONMENT
ANALYSIS?
In terms of assessing and analyzing the industry, it important to consider
the following :
What industry does your business fall under? For example; mining
industry, motor vehicle industry, textile industry, agricultural industry, pulp
and paper industry and many more.
Do you have an understanding of where the industry has come from (past),
where the industry is today (present), and where the industry is going
(future)?
What is the size of your industry?
Is the industry growing or declining?
What are the key trends in the industry?
Who are the key players in the industry?
What are the risks associated with the industry?
What are the key success factors?
What are the barriers to entry?
Do you have an understanding of the value chain? Consider the entire
value chain from the Manufacturer to the final consumer.
6. TYPES OF MACRO ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS
Political
Economic
Taxation policy
The general economicsituation in the world
Trade regulations International economic organizations
Government stability Business cycles
Unemployment policy Inflation and exchanges rates
Goverrnment legislation Economic growth and changes in GNP and
GDP
Government policies Interest rates
Government stance on competition Tax rates
Relevant laws Resources of money and credit, insecurity
status
International relations
The existence of labor force
Energy existence and cost
Unemployment levels
Social- Culturel
Age distribution
Technological
Education level
Technological changes
Income level Innovations
Population growth Speed of technonogical changes
Life expectancies Research and development expenditures
Religion Improved communication and knowledge
transfer
7.
8. POLITIC FACTORS :
The macro environment analysis will identify changes in
the position politicians take on issues. A current example
is a shift towards greener policies in the developed world.
Some of political factors are as follows :
Taxation policy
Trade regulations
Government stability
Unemployment policy
Goverrnment legislation
Government policies
Government stance on competition
Relevant laws
International relations
9. ECONOMIC FACTORS :
The macro economic environment analysis will identify trends
such as changes in personal disposable income, interest rates,
inflation and unemployment rates. Typically we encounter the
economic factors are as follows :
The general economic situation in the world
International economic organizations
Business cycles
Inflation and exchanges rates
Economic growth and changes in GNP and GDP
Interest rates
Tax rates
Resources of money and credit, insecurity status
The existence of labor force
Energy existence and cost
Unemployment levels
10. SOCIAL - CULTURAL FACTORS :
The macro social-cultural environment analysis will
identify trends in societies beliefs, behaviors, values
and norms. Such as the number of workers, attitudes
towards global warming, make up of the family
structure. Some of the social – cultural factors are as
follows :
Age distribution
Education level
Income level
Population growth
Life expectancies
Religion
11. QUARTERLY POPULATION GROWTH RATE IN
TURKEY
Periods Population Growth Rates
1955-1960 28,53
1960-1965 24,62
1965-1970 25,19
1970-1975 25,01
1975-1980 20,65
1980-1985 24,88
1985-1990 21,71
1990-2000 18,3
12. POPULATION BY URBAN-RURAL DISTRIBUTION
IN TURKEY
Population of Urban Population of Rural
Number (million) % Number (million) %
Years
1955 6,927 28,8 17,137 71,2
1960 8,86 31,9 18,695 68,1
1965 10,806 34,4 20,585 65,6
1970 13,691 38,5 21,914 61,5
1975 16,869 41,8 23,479 58,2
1980 19,645 43,9 25,092 56,1
1985 26,866 53 23,799 47
1990 33,326 59 23,147 41
1997 40,882 65 21,983 35
13. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS :
The macro technological environment analysis
will identify changes in the application of
technology. A current example is a shift towards
online transactions and in some areas a shift
away from online transactions. There are some
technological factors that affect macro
environment analysis are as follows :
Technological changes
Innovations
New or improved channels
Speed of technonogical changes
Research and development expenditures
Improved communication and knowledge
14. EXAMPLE OF PEST ANALYSIS
PEST ANALYSIS OF PEPSI :
The PEST analysis method has been successfully applied by Pepsi, which
has obtained economic advantage in its industry. The PEST analysis
method and examples specific to Pepsi are seen in the following factors:
Political: The manufacture, delivery, and use of numerous Pepsi products
are subject to many federal regulations, like the Food, Drug and Cosmetic
Act. The business is also governed by government and foreign rules. The
international business is subjected to the political stability.
Economic: The products of Pepsi are influenced by the raw material yield
being used in the soft drinks, juices, etc. All distribution is affected by the
cost of fuel. Operations in international markets involve the study of
unpredictable changes in foreign exchange rate. The economic impacts of
such movements are serious because these affect the growth. Pepsi is
also subjected to availability of energy, supply of money, business cycles,
etc.
Social - Culturel: Lifestyle has great influence on the use of Pepsi
products, and their advertisements are designed accordingly. Introduction
of Pepsi products in the international market requires an in depth study of
the local social structure.
Technology: Pepsi is influenced by the modern manufacturing techniques
applicable to their business divisions of soft drinks, juices, and snack
food. Pepsi has to focus on the latest distribution techniques, and other