HIV infection and AIDS were discussed. HIV is a virus that weakens the immune system, potentially leading to AIDS. 35 million people worldwide live with HIV/AIDS. HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sex, sharing needles, or from mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding. While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral therapy uses combinations of drugs to suppress the virus and delay disease progression. The presentation provided information on HIV, AIDS, transmission methods, and treatment options.

1. HIV Infection
Presented By : Hassan Amr
Student At Faculty Of Biotechnology
Work At : MEDIC

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Life Expectancy With HIV/AIDS
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35 MILLION
PEOPLE WORLDWIDE
ARE CURRENTLY
LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS

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Egypt's Military Medics Claim to
Have HIV-Aids Cure
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Egypt's Military Medics Claim to
Have HIV-Aids Cure
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Content Overview
• What is HIV?
• What is AIDS?
• Modes HIV/AIDS transmission
• How can the disease progression of
HIV/AIDS be delayed?
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What is HIV?
• Human: Infecting human beings
• Immunodeficiency: Decrease or
weakness in the body’s ability to fight off
infections and illnesses
• Virus: A pathogen having the ability to
replicate only inside a living cell
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What is HIV?
Image from
http://medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/AIDS/AIDS001.html

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Structure of HIV
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Envelope
Core p24
RNA
Reverse
Transcriptase

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Basic Terms
• Antigen: A substance which is recognized
as foreign by the immune system.
Antigens can be part of an organism or
virus, e.g., envelope, core (p24) and
triggers antibody production.
• Antibody: A protein (immunoglobulin)
made by the body’s immune system to
recognize and attack foreign substances
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P24 Antigen
• HIV viral protein that makes the capsid
• It produce in initial phases of infection
• High levels of p24 are present in the
blood serum
• It used a test for infection by the virus
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Replication Cycle
1-HIV proteins attach to receptors
on cell membrane
2-HIV inserts genetic material (RNA)
3-Reverse transcriptase used to
make viral DNA from RNA
4-Viral DNA inserted into one of the
cell’s chromosomes
5-Cell manufactures viral proteins
and RNA
6-New copies of virus bud off of
host and infect new cells

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What is AIDS?
• Acquired: Gain something new
• Immune Deficiency: Decrease or weakness in
the body’s ability to fight off infections and
illnesses
• Syndrome: A group of signs and symptoms
that occur together
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AIDS results when HIV infection progresses to
an advanced stage , damaging the immune
system

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HIV vs. AIDS
• HIV is the virus that causes AIDS
• Not everyone who is infected with HIV has
AIDS
• Everyone with AIDS is infected with HIV
• AIDS is result of the progression of HIV
Infection
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Myths about how HIV is spread
• Food utensils
• Towels and bedding
• Swimming pools
• Telephones
• Toilet seats
• Mosquito bites
• Shake hands

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Modes Of Transmission

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Needles
• Sharing drug needles or syringes.

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Through Sex
• Sexual contact (including
oral, anal or vaginal sex)
with someone who is HIV
status is unknown, without
the protection of a latex
male condom.

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Mother to Baby
• Mother during
pregnancy, birth and
breast feeding.

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Can Disease Progression Be
Delayed?
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Antiretroviral Therapy
• A Combination of
drugs , known as
cocktail that is
used to try and
control HIV .
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Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
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• Antiviral drugs that stop
HIV from copying and
therefore inserting its
genome into a healthy
cell .

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Summary
• What is HIV? What is AIDS? How does HIV
relate to AIDS?
• What are the means by which HIV is
transmitted?
• What is an antibody? Antigen?
• How does HIV infection progress?
• How can the disease progression of HIV/AIDS
be delayed?
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