2. CONTENT OVERVIEW
• What is HIV?
• Structure.
• Types of HIV
• What is AIDS?
• HIV V/S AIDS
• HIV Transmission
• Prevalence
• Signs and Symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Prevention and Treatment
3. WHAT IS HIV?
Human: Infecting human beings
Immunodeficiency: Decrease or weakness in the body’s ability to fight
off infections and illnesses
Virus: A pathogen having the ability to replicate only inside a living cell
7. WHAT IS AIDS?
Acquired: To come into possession of something new.
Immune Deficiency: Decrease or weakness in the body’s ability to fight off
infections and illnesses.
Syndrome: A group of signs and symptoms that occur together and
characterize a particular abnormality.
AIDS is the final stage of the disease caused
by infection with a type of virus called HIV.
8. HIV V/S AIDS
• HIV is the virus that causes AIDS.
• Not everyone who is infected with HIV has AIDS.
• Everyone with AIDS is infected with HIV.
• AIDS is result of the progression of HIV Infection.
• Anyone infected with HIV, although healthy, can still transmit the virus to
another person.
9. TRANSMISSION OF HIV
• Sexual Intercourse through vaginal, rectal, or penile tissues;
• Direct Injection with HIV-contaminated drugs, needles, syringes,
blood or blood products; and
• HIV Infected mother to foetus in utero, through intrapartum
inoculation or during breast-feeding
.
10.
11. HIV IS NOT SPREAD BY
• Air or water
• Mosquitoes, ticks or other insects
• Saliva, tears, or sweat that is not mixed with the blood of an HIV-positive person
• Shaking hands, hugging, sharing toilets, sharing dishes/drinking glasses, or
closed-mouth or “social” kissing with someone who is HIV-positive
• Other sexual activities that don’t involve the exchange of body fluids
(for example, touching).
12. PREVALENCE
• GLOBAL: 0.8% (UNAIDS 2014 'THE GAP REPORT‘)
• INDIA : 0.3% (UNAIDS 2014 'THE GAP REPORT‘)
• DELHI: 0.4% (NACO-IBBS 2014-2015 REPORT)
INDIA DELHI
FSW 2.2% 1.5%
MSM 4.3% 2.4%
IDU’S 9.9% 21.8%
13.
14.
15. • Overall, India’s HIV epidemic is slowing down, with a 19% decline in new HIV
infections (n=130,000 in 2013), and a 38% decline in AIDS-related deaths
between 2005 and 2013. Despite, this 51% of deaths in Asia are in India.
• In 2014, 35,000 pregnant women were living with HIV, and only 18% received
PMTCT treatment. As a result, 13,000 children were born with HIV.
• At the end of 2013, more than 700,000 people were on antiretroviral therapy, the
second largest number of people on treatment in any single country.
• India has been able to achieve a more than 20 percent decline in new HIV
infections between 2000 and 2014, reversing the spread of the virus, according to
a UN report that says the world is on track to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030.
UNAIDS (2014) 'THE GAP REPORT'
16. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
EARLY STAGE OF HIV
Flu-like symptoms
• Fever
• Chills
• Rash
• Night sweats
• Muscle aches
• Sore throat
• Fatigue
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Mouth ulcers
PROGRESSION TO AIDS
• Rapid weight loss
• Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
• Extreme Tiredness
• Swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits,
groin, or neck
• Diarrhoea that lasts for more than a week
• Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals
• Pneumonia
• Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or
Memory loss, depression, and other
neurologic disorders.
18. • Stage 0: the time between a negative or indeterminate HIV test followed
less than 180 days by a positive test
• Stage 1: CD4 count ≥ 500 cells/µl and no AIDS defining conditions
• Stage 2: CD4 count 200 to 500 cells/µl and no AIDS defining conditions
• Stage 3: CD4 count ≤ 200 cells/µl or AIDS defining conditions
• Unknown: if insufficient information is available to make any of the above
classifications
STAGING OF HIV BASED ON CD4 COUNT
19. POST EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS
• Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is short-term antiretroviral treatment
to reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure,
either occupationally or through sexual intercourse.
• PEP must begin within 72 hours of exposure, before the virus has time
to make too many copies of itself in your body.
• PEP consists of 2-3 antiretroviral medications and must be taken for
28 days.
20.
21. TREATMENT
HAART is a customized combination of different classes of medications
that a physician prescribes based on such factors as the patient’s viral load (how
much virus is in the blood), the particular strain of the virus, the CD4+ cell count,
and other considerations (e.g., disease symptoms).
Because HAART cannot rid the body of HIV, it must be taken every day for life.
HAART can control viral load, delaying or preventing the onset of symptoms or
progression to AIDS, thereby prolonging survival in people infected with HIV.
HAART = 2 NRTI +1 NNRTI OR 1 PI
