The document outlines various HIV testing methods, primarily focusing on antibody tests which detect antibodies to HIV using blood, oral fluid, or urine, with rapid tests providing results in 10–20 minutes. It describes antigen tests that diagnose infection earlier and PCR tests that identify the virus's genetic material as early as 2-3 weeks post-infection. It also highlights the use of PCR tests for newborns of HIV-positive mothers and screening blood supplies in developed countries.

2. Antibody Tests
 The most common HIV tests look for HIV antibodies in your
body, rather than looking for HIV itself:
 Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests use blood, oral fluid, or
urine to detect HIV antibodies. Results for these tests can
take up to two weeks.
 Rapid HIV antibody tests also use blood, oral fluid, or urine
to detect HIV antibodies. Results for these tests can take 10–
20 minutes.
 If you get a positive result from either of these tests, you will
need to take another test, called a Western blot test, to
confirm that result. It can take up to two weeks to confirm a
positive result.

3. Antigen Tests
 These tests are not as common as antibody tests,
but they can be used to diagnose HIV infection
earlier—from 1-3 weeks after you are first
infected with HIV. Antigen tests require a blood
sample.

4. PCR Test (Polymerase chain reaction test)
 This test detects the genetic material of HIV itself, and can
identify HIV in the blood within 2-3 weeks of infection.
 Babies born to HIV-positive mothers are tested with a special
PCR test, because their blood contains their mother's HIV
antibodies for several months.
 This means they would test HIV-positive on a standard
antibody test—but a PCR test can determine whether the
babies have HIV themselves.
 Blood supplies in most developed countries are screened for
HIV using PCR tests. PCR tests are also used to measure
viral loads for people who are HIV-positive.