This document summarizes a presentation about HIV/AIDS given in Bankura, India. It defines HIV and AIDS, describing how HIV disrupts the immune system and can lead to AIDS. It discusses how HIV is transmitted via blood, semen, vaginal fluids and other bodily fluids. It provides statistics on HIV testing and prevalence in West Bengal and Bankura District. It outlines the testing process and importance of counseling. Treatment options like antiretroviral drugs and managing opportunistic infections are mentioned. Methods of prevention like abstinence, monogamy, protected sex and clean needles are explained. The presentation emphasizes the importance of awareness, testing, counseling and harm reduction strategies in fighting the spread of HIV/AIDS.

1. A brief talk on
HIV / AIDS
Dibyendu Dutta
Consultant
Bankura
Biswajit Patra
PH Wings Bankura

2. About HIV and AIDS
A virus known as the Human Immuno-Deficiency
Virus .It causes disruption of immunity or body
defense mechanism .
AIDS or Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome is a
fatal illness caused by HIV through Disruption of body’s
immune system
Victim is vulnerable to a large numberof life-threatening
opportunistic infections , neurological disorders ,or
unusual malignancies

3. HIV Virus
HIV include lentiviredae group of virus with a diameter of
about 120 nm, around 60 times smaller than a red blood cell .
HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper
T Cell (specifically CD4+ T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells.
Lentiviruses are transmitted as single-stranded, positive-
sense, enveloped RNA viruses.
HIV is a retrovirus including reverse transcriptase enzyme

4. HIV infection
• Once HIV infection occurred in persons , it affects the
TH cell and other immunity providing component ,
leads to suppress the immunity that makes the other
opportunistic infection cause death within
approximately 5 to 10 yrs.
• Two life cycle of retroviruses are virulent or lytic cycle
causes death within 2-5 yrs and avirulent/profage
cycle or lysogenic cycle cause the carrier of this virus.

5. Transmission of HIV
HIV is transmitted through BLOOD, SEMEN, VAGINAL FLUID
URINE, SPUTUM, SALIVA, TEARS, SWEAT etc do not transmit HIV infection
(NACO PPT 2015 Dec)

6. HIV not transmitted by

7. HIV/AIDS Status
West Bengal
• Total tested people in West Bengal are 3207631
and sera positive are 50734+ (up to Aug 2016)
Bankura District
• Total tested people are 170038 and sera positive
patients are 477+ (up to Aug 2016)

8. Manifestation of HIV
Primary symptoms to detect HIV infection of a patient
After entry of Human Immunodeficiency
Virus into the host it causes :
• Flue like symptoms after 5-6 weeks
• Rash may occurred Send for HIV test
• Antibody production is started after 6 weeks , it called
window period .
• Window Period is dangerous for spreading the disease.

9. Symptoms of HIV/AIDS
People with AIDS have had their immune system damaged by
HIV and are very susceptible to these opportunistic infections.
Common symptoms are:
• Chills
• Fever
• Rash
• Sweats (particularly at night)
• Swollen lymph glands
• Weakness
• Weight loss

10. Blood Test
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/Enzyme
Immunoassay (ELISA/EIA)
Radio Immunoprecipitation Assay/Indirect
Fluorescent Antibody Assay (RIP/IFA)
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Western Blot Confirmatory test

11. Counseling

12. Pre-test Counseling
Transmission
Prevention
Risk Factors
Voluntary & Confidential
Report ability of Positive Test Results

13. Post-test Counseling
Clarifies test results
Need for additional testing
Promotion of safe behavior
Release of results

14. Early detection of HIV
Provision of basic
information on modes of
transmission and
prevention of HIV/AIDS.
Link people with other
HIV prevention, care and
treatment
services
Pre-test and Post-test
Counseling
Testing for HIV
ARV prophylaxis to mother-baby
pairs
Counseling on infant feeding
practice
Counseling on family planning
Referral for pre-ART registration
and CD4 count
Post-natal follow-up of sero-
reactive mothers and their
exposed babies
Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis
EID
Partner counseling
Cross referrals
Whole Blood Finger Prick test
Out Reach Activity
Main ICTC
PPTCT
Intrigrated
Counseling &
Testing Centre
(ICTC)
F- ICTC

15. Agenda 2016

18. World AIDS day 1st Dec

19. Treatment Options

20. Antiretroviral Drugs
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors
• AZT (Zidovudine)
Non-Nucleoside Transcriptase inhibitors
• Viramune (Nevirapine)
Protease inhibitors
• Norvir (Ritonavir)

21. Opportunistic Infection Treatment
• Issued in an event where antiretroviral
drugs are not available

22. Four ways to protect yourself?
• Abstinence
• Monogamous Relationship
• Protected Sex
• Sterile needles

23. Abstinence
• It is the only 100 % effective method of
not acquiring HIV/AIDS.
• Refraining from sexual contact: oral,
anal, or vaginal.
• Refraining from intravenous drug use

24. Monogamous relationship
• A mutually monogamous (only one sex partner)
relationship with a person who is not infected
with HIV
• HIV testing before intercourse is necessary to
prove your partner is not infected

25. Protected Sex
• Use condoms (female or male) every time you
have sex (vaginal or anal)
• Always use latex or polyurethane condom (not a
natural skin condom)
• Always use a latex barrier during oral sex

26. When Using A Condom
Remember To:
• Make sure the package is not expired
• Make sure to check the package for damages
• Do not open the package with your teeth for risk
of tearing
• Never use the condom more than once
• Use water-based rather than oil-based condoms

27. Sterile Needles
• If a needle/syringe or cooker is shared, it
must be disinfected:
– Fill the syringe with undiluted bleach and wait at
least 30 seconds.
– thoroughly rinse with water
– Do this between each person’s use

28. Needle Exchange
• Use sterile needle
• Use plastic use &
throw syringes

29. Fight for AIDS
Know about the AIDS

30. Fight for AIDS
Know about the AIDS

31. I E C
(INFORMATION EDUCATION & COMMUNICATION)

32. Fight together against the AIDS
Protected Sex , Chose Single Sex Partners
Your should known about the background of your Sex
partner
Support the HIV-AIDS people
Test your self to prevent HIV spreading
You are the people who can save your child from HIV
Take steps at present to rectify the future

34. Thank You!