Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and the first year of life might increase the likelihood of developing certain childhood cancers, California researchers say.
Studies Say Indoor Air Pollution Increases Asthma Symptoms Among Childrenlegacyheatingandairinc
In 2009, researchers at Johns Hopkins University found a significant correlation between rising levels of air pollution in homes and the severity of asthma symptoms among children. Eight years after that research, several studies revealed that poor indoor air quality continues to produce adverse effects on children with asthma.
Studies Say Indoor Air Pollution Increases Asthma Symptoms Among Childrenlegacyheatingandairinc
In 2009, researchers at Johns Hopkins University found a significant correlation between rising levels of air pollution in homes and the severity of asthma symptoms among children. Eight years after that research, several studies revealed that poor indoor air quality continues to produce adverse effects on children with asthma.
Lancet.docx comorbidity of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder a systematic revi...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Lancet. January, 2016
Comorbidity of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a systematic
review and meta-analysis
Dr Svetlana Popova, PhD Shannon Lange, MPH Kevin Shield, PhD Alanna Mihic, MSc Prof Albert E Chudley, MD
Raja A S Mukherjee, PhD Dennis Bekmuradov, BASc Prof Jürgen Rehm, PhD
Body Burden - Health Care Without Harm - The Pollution in Newborns v2zq
Body Burden - Health Care Without Harm - The Pollution in Newborns - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
Tingalpa Green is the new townhouse development within the city, which is proudly brought to you by AR Developments. This townhouse facility consists of forty modern, stylish and spacious properties with more than 70% green space.
Lancet.docx comorbidity of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder a systematic revi...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Lancet. January, 2016
Comorbidity of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a systematic
review and meta-analysis
Dr Svetlana Popova, PhD Shannon Lange, MPH Kevin Shield, PhD Alanna Mihic, MSc Prof Albert E Chudley, MD
Raja A S Mukherjee, PhD Dennis Bekmuradov, BASc Prof Jürgen Rehm, PhD
Body Burden - Health Care Without Harm - The Pollution in Newborns v2zq
Body Burden - Health Care Without Harm - The Pollution in Newborns - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
Tingalpa Green is the new townhouse development within the city, which is proudly brought to you by AR Developments. This townhouse facility consists of forty modern, stylish and spacious properties with more than 70% green space.
State of the Evidence - The Connection between Breast Cancer & the Environment v2zq
State of the Evidence - The Connection between Breast Cancer & the Environment - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~ breastcancerfund.org
By age 18, the lungs of many children who grow up in smoggy ar.docxRAHUL126667
By age 18, the lungs of many children who grow up in smoggy areas are underdeveloped and will likely
never recover, according to a study by Keck School of Medicine researchers in the New England Journal of
Medicine.
Health [/category/health/]
USC study links smoggy air to
lung damage in children
BY Alicia Di Rado [/author/alicia-di-rado/] SEPTEMBER 17, 2004
The research is part of the Children’s Health Study, the longest investigation ever into air
pollution and kids’ health. Between 1993 and 2001, study scientists from the Keck School
tracked levels of major pollutants in 12 Southern California communities while following
the pulmonary health of 1,759 children as they progressed from 4th grade to 12th grade.
The 12 communities included some of the most polluted areas in the greater Los Angeles
basin, as well as several low-pollution sites outside the area.
Keck School researchers previously found that children who were exposed to more air
pollution scored more poorly on respiratory tests. In this latest study, published in the
Sept. 9 issue of the journal, researchers analyzed the same children’s respiratory health at
age 18, when lungs are almost completely mature.
“Teenagers in smoggy communities were nearly five times as likely to have clinically low
lung function, compared to teens living in low-pollution communities,” explained W.
James Gauderman, associate professor of preventive medicine at the Keck School and lead
author of the study.
He said that people with clinically low lung function have less than 80 percent of the lung
function expected for their age�a significant deficit that would raise concerns during a
doctor’s exam.
“When we began the study 10 years ago, we had no idea we would find effects on the lung
this serious,” said John Peters, Hastings Professor of Preventive Medicine at the Keck
School, director of the Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center, and
senior author of the study.
https://news.usc.edu/category/health/
https://news.usc.edu/author/alicia-di-rado/
Study technicians traveled to participating schools every year and tested children’s lung
function, a measure of how well their lungs work. As an example, someone with sub-par
lung function cannot exhale and blow up a balloon as quickly or as big as someone with
good lung function.
Researchers correlated the students’ lung health measurements with levels of air
pollutants monitored in the communities during the same time period.
They found greater deficits in lung development in teenagers who lived in communities
with higher average levels of nitrogen dioxide, acid vapor, particulate matter with a
diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers (about a tenth the diameter of a human hair) and
elemental carbon.
“These are pollutants that all derive from vehicle emissions and the combustion of fossil
fuels,” said Gauderman.
Deficits in lung function have both short- and long-term effects. “If a child or young adult
with low lung function were t ...
Environmental Pollutants and Disease in American: Children: Estimates of Morbidity, Mortality, and Costs for Lead Poisoning, Asthma, Cancer, and Developmental Disabilities
Children are known to be more vulnerable to the adverse health effects of air pollution due to their higher minute ventilation, immature immune system, involvement in vigorous activities, the longer periods of time they spend outdoors and the continuing development of their lungs during the early post neonatal period. A large number of epidemiological studies have reported an association between exposure to criteria air pollutants and several morbidity and mortality outcomes in children. Criteria air pollutants consist of six air pollutants that are regulated on the basis of their potential to cause adverse health and/or environmental effects: ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide and lead. In the present commentary, we intend to highlight the adverse health outcomes associated with exposure to criteria air pollutants in children.
Previous studies on occupational exposures in parents and cancer risks in their children support a
link between solvents and paints with childhood leukaemia. Few studies have focused specifically on benzene.
Objectives: To examine whether parental occupational exposure to benzene is associated with an increased
cancer risk in a census-based cohort of children.
The Long-Term Effects of Exposure to Low Doses of Lead in Childhood - 1991Marion Sills
Lead in food, particularly in processed food, is a major source of overall lead intake in the entire population. Lead contaminates food through the deposition of airborne lead, the use of lead-bearing water and equipment in processing, the use of lead-based solders in canning, and contact with serving vessels glazed with lead-containing compounds. In 1986, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) attributed most of the contribution to atmospheric deposition (50 percent) and solder (42 percent).1 We have analyzed Food and Drug Administration data from the 1982-1983 and 1984-1985 Total Diet Studies (based on an analysis of market baskets) to ascertain whether solder and other lead sources — for example, gasoline additives — remain important sources of lead in the U.S. food supply. Since the early 1980s, voluntary food-industry programs to replace lead solder were assumed to be sufficient to protect the food supply. However, about 20 percent of domestically filled food cans are still soldered with lead.2
In the United States, the impetus to ban lead additives in motor vehicle fuels has been delayed on the grounds that leaded fuels are important for farm vehicles. Plants grown near highways and other sources of lead are significantly contaminated largely by surface deposition). Despite EPA efforts to phase out leaded gasoline, first- and second-quarter figures for 1988 show that leaded gasoline accounts for nearly 20 percent of the gas sold in the United States.3 The declining use of lead solder and gasoline additives is reflected in reductions of lead contamination in food over the years 1982 through However, the FDA data indicate that these two sources of lead in food are still problems. Of the 234 categories in the 1982-1983 and 1984-1985 market-basket surveys, we found seven pairs for which the only difference was whether or not the foods were canned. Lead levels in the canned samples (Table 1TABLE 1
Lead Levels in Canned and Fresh-Frozen Food.
) were on average more than 29 times higher than those in fresh-frozen samples of the same food in 1982-1983; by 1984-1985 this value had declined to 14. All the pairs fell within the "produce" classification of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; however, we found similar ratios of the average lead levels in canned to those in fresh-frozen food in other USDA categories (Table 2TABLE 2
Average Lead Levels in Canned and Fresh-Frozen Food.
).4
On the basis of the USDA's average daily intake figures for each of the categories shown in Table 2, a person consuming canned products from each category whenever the option existed would have a daily lead intake of 107 and 40 Μg in 1982-1983 and 1984-1985, respectively. For a person who avoided canned foods whenever possible, daily dietary lead intake would have decreased fivefold (from 107 to 26 μg) in 1982-1983 and to less than threefold (40 to 17.4 Μg) in 1984-1985. This illustrates the importance of continuing efforts to reduce the use of lead solde
Liberty UniversityMaster of Public HealthHealth 625Prevent.docxcroysierkathey
Liberty University
Master of Public Health
Health 625
Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases
STUDYING RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN LEPTOSPIROSIS (Kamath R et al.):
AN ARTICLE REVIEW
IMA STUDENT
ID: XOXOXO
November 4, 2014
Words: 951
Article: Kamath R, Swain S, Nair SN, Pattanshetty S. Studying risk factors associated with human Leptospirosis. J Glob Infect Dis.2014; 6(1): 3–9. doi:10.4103/0974-777X.127941.
I. SUMMARY
The article presents the findings of a matched case-control study conducted to identify the occupational and environmental risk factors of Leptospirosis in India. The study was conducted from April 2012 to August 2012 with a total of 70 cases and 140 sex matched controls belonging to the same neighborhoods as cases.
Data collection on occupational and environmental risk factors was achieved through semi-structured questionnaires and researcher observation.
The study revealed that certain occupational and environmental factors were significantly associated with Leptospirosis and were therefore risk factors for this disease. Of all risk factors, the presence of a wound or cut in the skin while working was found to have the strongest association with Leptospirosis. This was followed by contact with soil contaminated with infected rodent urine. Occupations involving outdoor activities were significant risk factors for Leptospirosis compared to those involving indoor tasks. Other significant risk factors were the presence of drainage or sewage within a 15m radius from the home as well as the ingestion of inadequately cooked or raw vegetables with rat bites.
II. ARTICLE REVIEW
This article review examines the research methodology, study findings as well as the limitations of the study. Findings are analyzed using evidence from similar studies and recommendations are provided to address the identified limitations.
Review of Methodology
The case-control approach was used to determine risk factors of Leptospirosis. While this method is not very rigorous compared to other study designs, it is useful in the study of outbreaks and rare or neglected diseases such as Leptospirosis. This method is also appropriate where the small sample size and inadequate resources limit the use of more rigorous designs.
The control of confounders was achieved by matching cases and controls according to gender, age and geographic location. 1 While researchers identified the three main confounders, confounding by religion was not controlled, in fact majority of participants belonged to one religion. This may have been a result of selecting cases and controls from the same neighborhood. Religion may be a risk factor of Leptospirosis especially if it involves rituals or practices where members come in contact with contaminated rivers, water or soil.
Data collection was done through the use of semi-structured questionnaires and researcher observation. 1 While semi-structured questionnaires allow researchers to obtain substantial in ...
Fishbone Diagram Template
Name: Cause Effect
To complete click on grey box and type.
People
Environment
Methods
Equipment
Materials
How to develop your cause and effect diagram: 1. Identify practice problem you are trying to improve in the effect box. 2. In each category of causes, (a) people, (b) environment, (c) materials, (d) methods, and (e) equipment input causes for the effect. (See example and rubric).
8/19/2019 VERSION A
Template: Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
Step in Process
Failure
Mode
Failure Cause
Failure Effect
Occurrence Likelihood
Detection
Likelihood
Severity
Risk Profile Number
Actions to Mitigate Risk
Occurrence Likelihood rate 1-10 (10 means most likely to occur)
Detection Likelihood rate 1-10 (10 means least likely to be detected)
Severity rate 1-10 (10 means most likely to cause severe harm)
To calculate Risk Profile Number: Multiply Occurrence Likelihood times Detection Likelihood times Severity = Risk Profile Number
Submit completed FMEA form to assignment link for grading, place on presentation slide, and summarize FMEA findings in your presentation slide. (see Practice Problem Analysis Guidelines and Rubric)
9/12/2019 Version
8
Esophageal cancer and smoking
Name
Chamberlin University
PICOT Question
Are men 45 years of age and older (P) who have a one-year history of smoking or less (I) at an increased risk of developing esophageal cancer (O) compared with men age 45 and older (P) who have no smoking history (C)?
Evidence Synthesis of Literature to Address Practice Problem
According to the Cancer Research UK (2020), cancer of the esophagus is more common in older people. Around 40% of the members of the population develop esophageal cancer at the age of 75 and above. The Cancer Research UK (2020) equally notes that an estimated lifetime risk of being diagnosed with esophageal cancer us 2% for males and 1% for females in the United Kingdom. The findings of the Cancer Research UK (2020) indicate that 59% of esophageal cancer cases are preventable, but the condition is associated with a number of risk factors such as tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, and radiation exposure among other risk factors.
According to a cohort study conducted by Fan et al. (2008), tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption were established as the major risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), especially in the western population. The study reports many retrospective studies that have demonstrated a synergic effect of alcohol and smoking in ESCC risk. Nevertheless, prospective studies on esophageal cancer especially in high incidence regions are scare and their results have been inconsistent. Fan et al. (2008) equally reports ...
Bestcare lab is a best laboratory for medicals in world level which provides many benefits for customer. We are providing quality services and helping patient often and sort out their problems.
Many pregnant women experience symptoms that suggest preterm labor. These may include uterine contractions, changes in vaginal discharge, backaches, pelvic pressure, cramping, and cervical dilation. However, not all symptomatic women will actually have a preterm delivery. The majority will go on to deliver at term.
The most common HIV tests look for HIV antibodies in your body, rather than looking for HIV itself:Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests use blood, oral fluid, or urine to detect HIV antibodies. Results for these tests can take up to two weeks
Responsibilities of Clinical Laboratory Scientist and TechniciansBest care Lab
Laboratory science, being the vital element of the medical industry, a medical laboratory and its technicians play a great role in it. In general medical laboratory scientists and medical laboratory technicians collect samples and perform the tests to analyze body fluids, tissue, and other substances.
Blood test for detecting fetal abnormalities gaining interestBest care Lab
A non-invasive maternal blood test that can detect certain fetal chromosomal disorders, including Down syndrome, early in pregnancy is improving some skill of attention as a potential new method of prenatal screening. Currently, several organizations support its use in pregnant women at high risk of having a child with a disorder caused by an abnormal number of chromosomes. However, invasive diagnostic tests, such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis, are needed to confirm the results, still.
The packaging of clinical specimens must be of good quality and be strong enough to withstand leakage of contents, shocks, pressure changes, humidity, vibration and manual or mechanical handling considered incident to ordinary transportation. This is interpreted to mean that the contents should not leak to the outside of the shipping container, even if there should be leakage of the primary receptacle(s) during transit. The packaging should be resilient enough to withstand rough handling, passage through cancellation machines, sorters, conveyors and other similar equipment.
The packaging of clinical specimens…
must be of good quality and be strong enough to withstand leakage of contents, shocks, pressure changes, humidity, vibration and manual or mechanical handling considered incident to ordinary transportation.
Back pain is pain which felt in the back that usually initiates from the muscles, nerves, bones, joints or other parts in the spine.For more information log onto : http://bestcarelab.blogspot.com/
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
1. Smog Exposure during Pregnancy Might Raise Child's Cancer
Risk: Study
Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and the first year of life might increase the likelihood
of developing certain childhood cancers, California researchers say.
Researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles School of Public Health collected
data on children diagnosed with cancer before the age of 6 and local traffic exposure. The greater
the traffic pollution, the higher the odds for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (white blood cell
cancer), germ cell tumors (cancers of the testicles, ovaries and other organs) and eye cancer, they
found.
These findings do not mean pollution actually causes these cancers, said lead researcher Julia
Heck, an assistant researcher in the department of epidemiology. "This finding is an association,
because nothing is proven yet," she said.
2. But the results do suggest that exposure to traffic pollution might increase risk for childhood
cancers, Heck added. "Since this was the first study to report risks for these [uncommon
childhood] cancers, these findings need to be confirmed in other studies," she said.
Areas of California are known for their unhealthy air. The state's topography and its warm, sunny
climate tend to form and trap air pollutants, creating smog, according to the California Air
Resources Board.The researchers focused on pregnancy because certain cancers originate in the
womb, Heck said.But women shouldn't worry about their baby's risk for cancer based on this
study, another expert said.
"There has been an association between air pollution and other diseases," said Dr. Rubin Cohen,
director of the Adult Cystic Fibrosis and Bronchiectasis Center at the Long Island Jewish
Medical Center in New Hyde Park, N.Y. "We know that pollution causes asthma, and that is
probably more real than the cancer issue."
Cohen isn't sure the association between pollution and childhood cancers is causal, and he said
there isn't much one can do about it anyway. "Moving is easier said than done," he said.
The study findings were scheduled for presentation Tuesday at the annual meeting of the
American Association for Cancer Research in Washington, D.C. For the study, Heck's team
collected data on nearly 3,600 children under 6 years old who were born between 1998 and 2007
and listed in the California Cancer Registry. The researchers compared them with a similar
number of healthy children.
The researchers were able to estimate the amount of traffic pollution at each child's home during
the mother's pregnancy and the child's first year of life. The estimates included exposure to gas
and diesel engines as well as traffic volume, emission rates and weather.
Based on their findings, Heck's group concluded the risk for cancer was increased with higher
exposure to vehicular air pollution. "In terms of the risk, greater exposure was associated with a
3. 5 percent increase in [acute lymphoblastic leukemia] cancers, an 11 percent increase in eye
cancer and a 15 percent increase in testicle, ovary and other organ tumors," Heck said.
But whether any particular period is critical during pregnancy or the child's first year wasn't
clear.
Another expert agreed that more research is needed before conclusions can be drawn about any
actual risk for cancer from traffic pollution.
The study needs to be replicated to see if the same findings are seen in other cities, said Dr.
Guillermo DeAngulo, a pediatric oncologist at Miami Children's Hospital, in Florida.
"There has been a concern about environmental factors playing a role in cancers," said
DeAngulo, who was not involved in the study. "The question is how much of a role they play."
Genetic components also may be involved that may make cancer more likely for some of these
children, he said.
Data and conclusions presented at meetings are typically considered preliminary until published
in a peer-reviewed medical journal.
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