This study examined HIV risk behaviors among street-based adolescents in Ukraine. Researchers surveyed 805 adolescents aged 10-19 in 4 Ukrainian cities. They found high rates of risky drug use and sexual behaviors like unprotected sex, starting at early ages. Girls reported more experiences of forced sex, harassment and receiving payment for sex. The results indicate this group has a significant risk of HIV due to initiating risks early and lacking adequate prevention services. Carefully designed youth services are needed to reduce vulnerabilities and increase access to harm reduction.
Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health-HPV Vaccine Uptake among eligible GBMSM in the...HIVScotland
Delivered at Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health Virtual Conference, this presentation was delivered by Dr Jamie Frankis.
More information about the virtual event is available here: http://ow.ly/YntW50GWhJ0
Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health- Adiós HIV: Are PrEP and other biobehavioural ...HIVScotland
Delivered at Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health Virtual Conference, this presentation was delivered by Dr Jamie Frankis.
More information about the virtual event is available here: http://ow.ly/YntW50GWhJ0
A life course approach to preventing drugs & alcohol risks [March 2016 Int'l ...Mentor
A life-course approach to preventing drug and alcohol risks, presented at the Home Office's International Crime & Policing Conference 2016.
Presentation from Mentor CEO Michael O'Toole and Andrew Brown, formerly of DrugScope and now working with Mind and PHE.
Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health- Positive and negative feelings among people l...HIVScotland
Delivered at Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health Virtual Conference, this presentation was delivered by Alastair Hudson.
More information about the virtual event is available here: http://ow.ly/YntW50GWhJ0
Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health- Drug use among people living with HIV in Scot...HIVScotland
Delivered at Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health Virtual Conference, this presentation was delivered by Irina Lut.
More information about the virtual event is available here: http://ow.ly/YntW50GWhJ0
Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health- Healthcare use among people living with HIV i...HIVScotland
Delivered at Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health Virtual Conference, this presentation was delivered by Alastair Hudson.
More information about the virtual event is available here: http://ow.ly/YntW50GWhJ0
Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health-HPV Vaccine Uptake among eligible GBMSM in the...HIVScotland
Delivered at Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health Virtual Conference, this presentation was delivered by Dr Jamie Frankis.
More information about the virtual event is available here: http://ow.ly/YntW50GWhJ0
Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health- Adiós HIV: Are PrEP and other biobehavioural ...HIVScotland
Delivered at Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health Virtual Conference, this presentation was delivered by Dr Jamie Frankis.
More information about the virtual event is available here: http://ow.ly/YntW50GWhJ0
A life course approach to preventing drugs & alcohol risks [March 2016 Int'l ...Mentor
A life-course approach to preventing drug and alcohol risks, presented at the Home Office's International Crime & Policing Conference 2016.
Presentation from Mentor CEO Michael O'Toole and Andrew Brown, formerly of DrugScope and now working with Mind and PHE.
Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health- Positive and negative feelings among people l...HIVScotland
Delivered at Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health Virtual Conference, this presentation was delivered by Alastair Hudson.
More information about the virtual event is available here: http://ow.ly/YntW50GWhJ0
Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health- Drug use among people living with HIV in Scot...HIVScotland
Delivered at Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health Virtual Conference, this presentation was delivered by Irina Lut.
More information about the virtual event is available here: http://ow.ly/YntW50GWhJ0
Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health- Healthcare use among people living with HIV i...HIVScotland
Delivered at Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health Virtual Conference, this presentation was delivered by Alastair Hudson.
More information about the virtual event is available here: http://ow.ly/YntW50GWhJ0
Nursing care Journal involves in all the aspects related to nursing care. Domestic violence cuts cross all age groups and globally, between 10% and 69% of women report of having been physically assaulted by their sexual partner at least once in their life. Furthermore, between 6% and 47% of adult women report of having been sexually assaulted by their sexual partners while between 7% and 48% of girls and young women at least reported their first sexual episode to have been forced. Understanding of domestic violence issues and integrating them in the current treatment regimens is critical for success of treatment regimens of the above 50 years PLWH as domestic violence is blamed to hamper adherence to ARVS and ART, condom use among others. Hence the main objective of the study was to find out factors associated with domestic violence among the 50 years and above population living with HIV/AIDS, making a case study of Mukono hospital patients. Specifically the study intended to establish the individual/background factors associated with domestic violence among the above 50 years population living with HIV/AIDS, define the socio-economic factors associated with domestic violence and find the influence of substance abuse associated with domestic violence among the 50 years and above population living with HIV/AIDS. Edelweiss Publications accepts only high quality articles related to Nursing care Journal.
Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health- Experience of aging with HIV in residential c...HIVScotland
Delivered at Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health Virtual Conference, this presentation was delivered by Eseoghene Johnson.
More information about the virtual event is available here: http://ow.ly/YntW50GWhJ0
Summary of findings from qualitative study that examined circumstances prompting HIV testing among trans women in Indiana. This presentation was delivered at the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care Conference in Atlanta, GA in November 2016. The paper, HIV testing and entry to care among trans women in Indiana was published in the Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2017.05.003
Michael Atkinson, (WA AIDS Council) describes development and progress of the only peer-based sexual health screening clinic in Australia: the M Clinic. This presentation was given at the AFAO/NAPWA Gay Men's HIV Health Promotion Conference in May 2012.
Georgia State School of Public Health Ph.D. student Rachel Culbreth discussed her research into HIV and other diseases among young people living in slum communities in Kampala, Uganda, during the APHA 2016 annual meeting in Denver. This is her presentation.
Nursing care Journal involves in all the aspects related to nursing care. Domestic violence cuts cross all age groups and globally, between 10% and 69% of women report of having been physically assaulted by their sexual partner at least once in their life. Furthermore, between 6% and 47% of adult women report of having been sexually assaulted by their sexual partners while between 7% and 48% of girls and young women at least reported their first sexual episode to have been forced. Understanding of domestic violence issues and integrating them in the current treatment regimens is critical for success of treatment regimens of the above 50 years PLWH as domestic violence is blamed to hamper adherence to ARVS and ART, condom use among others. Hence the main objective of the study was to find out factors associated with domestic violence among the 50 years and above population living with HIV/AIDS, making a case study of Mukono hospital patients. Specifically the study intended to establish the individual/background factors associated with domestic violence among the above 50 years population living with HIV/AIDS, define the socio-economic factors associated with domestic violence and find the influence of substance abuse associated with domestic violence among the 50 years and above population living with HIV/AIDS. Edelweiss Publications accepts only high quality articles related to Nursing care Journal.
Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health- Experience of aging with HIV in residential c...HIVScotland
Delivered at Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health Virtual Conference, this presentation was delivered by Eseoghene Johnson.
More information about the virtual event is available here: http://ow.ly/YntW50GWhJ0
Summary of findings from qualitative study that examined circumstances prompting HIV testing among trans women in Indiana. This presentation was delivered at the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care Conference in Atlanta, GA in November 2016. The paper, HIV testing and entry to care among trans women in Indiana was published in the Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2017.05.003
Michael Atkinson, (WA AIDS Council) describes development and progress of the only peer-based sexual health screening clinic in Australia: the M Clinic. This presentation was given at the AFAO/NAPWA Gay Men's HIV Health Promotion Conference in May 2012.
Georgia State School of Public Health Ph.D. student Rachel Culbreth discussed her research into HIV and other diseases among young people living in slum communities in Kampala, Uganda, during the APHA 2016 annual meeting in Denver. This is her presentation.
Addressing Sexual Assault and Intimate Partner Violence in Medical Care and Education in the U.S. and Globally
Jennifer A. Wagman, PhD, MHS
April 13th, 2018
UCSD HIV & Global Health Rounds
National studies have demonstrated that LGBTQ adolescents are disproportionately impacted by negative health outcomes including STDs, HIV, and unplanned pregnancy. In 2014, Essential Access Health surveyed LAUSD school-based Wellness Centers; gaps in current knowledge and practice related to inclusive clinical care of LGBTQ patients were identified. In 2016, we implemented staff trainings to improve LGBTQ-inclusive services. Based on training evaluation, areas for further technical assistance were identified, and used to develop online training resources. This presentation will discuss tools and best practices for implementing trainings on inclusive care.
This presentation was on the prevalence of HIV/STDs in youth in a school system. I present research on the topic, relevant data, and suggested solutions.
Awareness, Approach and Practice of Youth towards preclusion of Sexually Tran...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Awareness, Approach and Practice of Youth towards preclusion of Sexually Transmitted Infections at KIU-TH, Ishaka Bushenyi District
Ahura, Alex
Department of Nursing Science, Kampala International University, Uganda.
________________________________________
ABSTRACT
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) remains a serious reproductive health problem globally. Despite this fact, youths recklessly involve in sexual activities which predisposes them to STIs which could rather be easily preventable. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of youths aged 19–24 towards prevention of STIs at KIU-TH in Ishaka Bushenyi district, Uganda. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional and quantitative methods were employed in data collection. Fifty respondents both male and female were selected using a convenient sampling method. Most respondents 30 (60%) were between 19 – 20 years, 30(60%) were students and 30(60%) were single. Knowledge towards prevention of STIs was good as majority 50(100%) understood the term STIs, 25(50%) knew HIV infection as an STIs, 50(100%) knew about transmission of STIs, 30(60%) had been sensitized and health educated about STIs prevention and majority knew condom use 30(60%) as one of the ways of preventing STIs. Attitudes were fair as majority 40(80%) believed that STIs can be dangerous and majority 40(80%) felt they could prevent STIs. Practice was poor as majority had 1-2 partners, 30(60%) and majority had their first partner at 15-17 years old 30(60%), majority of the respondents took alcohol 35(70%), majority 37(74%) reported teenage involvement in sexual relationship and 35(70%) reported alcohol as one of the most leading factors into sexual relationships, majority 33(66%) did not take precautions during sexual intercourse only 18(36%) used condoms. The study found out adequate knowledge towards STIs prevention and attitudes were fair but practices were poor.
Keywords: knowledge, attitude, practice, youth, sexually transmitted infections, Uganda
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
1. Joanna R Busza, Olga M Balakireva,
Anja Teltschik, Tatiana V Bondar,
Yuliya V Sereda, Clea Meynell,
Olena Sakovych
Presenter
Dr Fredrick Stephen
PG in Community Medicine
MGMCRI
Pondicherry
2. • Ukraine has the highest HIV prevalence in Europe,
estimated at 1.63% of adults aged 15-49 years.
• HIV remains concentrated among most-at-risk populations,
namely injecting drug users (IDU), female sex workers
(FSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM).
• The growing numbers of adolescents living without parental
care in the region has led to increased concern for this
group’s vulnerability to HIV.
3. • Globally, homeless and street based adolescents are
vulnerable and experience multiple adverse health
outcomes.
• This research formed part of UNICEF’s first HIV
prevention program that explicitly defined and targeted
most-at-risk adolescents
4. • To measure the extent and distribution of HIV risk
behaviors among street based adolescents aged 10-19
years in four Ukrainian cities.
• To increase the availability of data on at risk adolescent
populations.
• To implement evidence based interventions and evaluate
their outcomes.
5. Cross Sectional behavioral study
(n=805)
Ukraine
• Location Based Network and Convenience sampling
Kiev Donetsk Dnepropetrovsk Nikolaev
6. • Type of study : Cross Sectional study
• Place of Study : Ukraine ( Kiev, Donetsk, Dnepropetrovsk,
Nikolaev)
• Sampling Method : Location Based convenience and
Network sampling
• Materials used: A Standardized questionnaire developed for
the UNICEF program containing core modules on drug use
sexual behavior, condom use, HIV knowledge and access to
prevention services was used.
7. Inclusion criteria
Adolescents aged 10 to 19 years
Subjects spending at least 50% of their time in streets
and not attending school or being engaged in
employment
Should have spent at least 3 months on the streets
Subjects who appear sober and capable of giving
consent
Exclusion Criteria
Who did not look sober
Those who didn’t spent time on the streets at least for 3
months
8. • Table 1 Characteristics of adolescents
Sl
no
Demographic
Background
Total
n
%
1 Sex Male 565 70.2
Female 240 29.8
2 Age, years 10-14 305 37.9
15-17 351 43.6
18-19 149 18.5
3 Living arrangement Live with adult
relatives
333 41.4
Live with friends 419 52
Ever Institutionalised 459 57
4 Educational status Never attended
school
30 3.9
Up to full elementary 154 19.4
Up to basic
secondary
585 73.8
9. Table 2: Drug Usage
Sl
no.
Demographi
c
Background
Total
N
%
1 Injecting drugs (Ever Use) 125 15.5
IDU injecting in the past month 65 53.3
IDU past month sharing
15 44.1
needles
2 Use of
services by
IDU
Obtaining needles from
pharmacy
69 55.2
Obtaining needles from needle
exchange or outreach
14 11.2
MIaDjUo-rIintyje cintinitgia dtreugd U insejerscting between ages 14 and 16 yrs now
inject at least weekly.
Among IDU 72.7% used sterile injecting equipment.
18.4% picked up used needles/syringes off the street.
Only 8.9% used needle exchange programme in the past
year.
10. Table 3 : Gender differences in vulnerability
Sl
no.
Male
N
% Femal
e
N
% P
value
1 Risk Behaviors
Ever had vaginal sex 389 69.7 196 82.4 <0.001
Ever received payment gift for sex 93 16.5 136 56.7 <0.001
Unprotected sex at last casual sex 136 54.4 48 50.5 0.520
Unprotected sex at last
12 57.1 34 35.8 0.070
commercial sex
(MSM and FSW)
Ever injected drugs 92 16.3 33 13.8 0.364
2 Service Use
Receive Condoms from outreach 7 1.2 33 13.8 <0.001
Ever had HIV test 113 20 66 27.7 0.019
FSW- Female sex worker; MSM- Men who have sex with men
11. • Overall , 73.5% of the sample reported having vaginal sex.
• 76.1% experienced sexual debut before the age of 15 years.
Table 4: Partner Accumulation in the past 12 months
Sl
no:
Rate of Partner accumulation Mean
1 Boys 4.7 partners
2 Girls 4.9 partners
• Majority of girls who received payments/gifts for sex did so
for the first time between 12-16 yrs.
• Among sexually active girls, 18.3% have ever been
pregnant
• 68.2% of them obtained an abortion.
12. Table 5: Violence on Adolescents
Sl
no.
Male
n
% Femal
e
n
% P value
1 Violence
Ever Forced to have sex 60 11.2 107 52.2 <0.001
Ever harassed by police 468 82.8 140 58.3 <0.001
50.1% of respondents have ever been incarcerated in prison
/ juvenile detention.
70.9% had been subjected to forced sex in the past 12
months.
75.5% have been stopped or harassed by the police in the
past.
13. • The research clearly shows that street based adolescents in
Ukraine are at a significant risk of contracting HIV.
• This group initiates risk behaviors at early ages, and does
not appear to have good access to prevention.
• Carefully designed appropriate services to increase contact
and trust of street-based youth are required to provide them
with harm reduction and child protection.
14. • The high rate of pregnancy among this group could serve
as an opportunity to reach out for reproductive and
maternal health services and even assist the girls in
evaluating their life choices.
• The assessment of family situation and targeted support
activities could help reduce the vulnerability of some
individuals.
15. • The exact period of study and duration is not mentioned.
• Females are represented less (29.8% only) hence scope for
more bias.
• Only 12.3% of the respondents knew the results of the HIV
tests undergone by them.