This document discusses HIV/AIDS and presents a case study of a female patient. It begins with background information on HIV, noting there are two main types (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and that since 1981 around 34 million people worldwide have been infected with HIV/AIDS resulting in nearly 22 million deaths. It then presents a case study of a 28-year-old Indonesian female patient admitted with weight loss, nausea, headaches, skin rash, weakness and respiratory infection. Her workup showed she tested positive for HIV and tuberculosis with pleural effusion seen on imaging. She was treated with anti-TB and antiretroviral medications and discharged with a treatment plan to continue in her home country.

1. HIV/AIDS
Hussain Ali Ekhuraidah
2111040036

2. Outline
• HIV
• Case Study “ CC , HPI , PMH , PE , etc. “
• Discussion

3. HIV
• Is Human immunodeficiency
virus .
• HIV infects vital cells in the
immune system such as helper
T cells (specifically CD4+ T
cells), macrophages,
and dendritic cells .
• There are two main type :
 HIV 1 “ Global “
 HIV 2 “ West Africa “

5. Epidemiology
• Since HIV/AIDS was
first recognized in
1981 to 2009 it has
led to nearly
22 million deaths
• As of 2009
approximately
34 million people
have HIV/AIDS
worldwide

6. Cont.

7. Cont.

8. Case Study

9. Pt. Data
• MN# 1136***
• Female
• DOB : 06 Apr 1979 “ 28 Years on 2008 “
• NAT : Indonesia
• Admit date : 27 Sep 2008
• Discharge date : 24 Nov 2008
• Admit to KFUH

10. Chief Complaint
• Bring to ER with
Loss of weight
anorexia
nausea
headaches
skin rash
weakness
Upper respiratory tract infection

11. HPI
• Headaches several time for last 3 months .
• Diarrhea several time for last months .
• She had nasal bleeding twice last month ago .

12. PMH
• 4 months ago : Otitis media Treated with
Antibiotics “ Unknown “

13. Operations
• Bone Marrow biopsy , 29th Sep 2008
• Lymph node biopsy , 8th Oct 2008
( Necrotizing granuloma )
• Pleural tapping , 5th Oct 2008
( Negative for Malignancy cell )

14. PE
• Pt. looks ill
• Mouth bruises and facial petechiae
• Vital sing :
Temp : 38
Pulse : 110
RR : 27
BP : 90/55

15. Lab result
• RBC : 2.9 ( 3.5 – 5.5 )
• WBC : 13.2 ( 4.1 - 10.9 )
• Hgb : 9.8 ( 11.5 - 16 )
• Platelets : 84 ( 150 - 400)
• BUN : 19 ( 4 – 20 )

16. Cont.
• PH : 7.39
• PO2 : 70
• PCO2 : 32
• HCO3 : 21
• O2 Sat : 92 %
• HIV : Positive
• Sputum & blood culture for AFB : Positive

17. X-ray and CT scan
• Show Right-sided
pleural Effusion

18. Final Diagnosis
• TB lymphadenitis
• Hospital acquired pneumonia
• HIV

19. Medication
• Ethambutol 800 mg
• Isoniazide 300 mg
• Pyridoxine 40 mg
• Folic acid 5 mg
• Ascorbic acid 1 gm
• Rifampicin 600 mg
• Moxifloxacin 400 mg
• Ferrous Sulphate 190 mg
• Multivitamine 1 tablet
• Nexium ( Esomeprazole ) 40 mg

20. Discharge
• No follow up , because the pt. back to her
country and continue the treatment over there.
• Medical Report was written and given to her on
discharge

21. Any Question ?
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