The document discusses the issue of HIV/AIDS in Thailand. It notes that while the Thai government initially responded effectively to the crisis in the late 1980s and 1990s, changes to government funding have negatively impacted prevention strategies and led to an increase in infection rates. Specifically, reducing funds for education has decreased awareness of unsafe sex and needle practices. Additionally, though the government provides free treatment, it does not sufficiently support those affected through lack of funding for hospices and allowing discrimination. Overall, the document argues that while the government has helped those infected to some degree, it has ultimately failed to adequately prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS due to changes in funding and lack of education and support programs.
India has been working to eradicate HIV/AIDS, which poses serious health challenges. While efforts have reduced prevalence to some degree, around 2.5 million people in India are still estimated to live with HIV/AIDS. Community interventions and engaging at-risk groups could help reduce risky behaviors. However, lack of awareness and communication have contributed to continuing infection rates despite government programs. The National AIDS Control Program focuses on education to change knowledge and behaviors as a prevention strategy. While HIV prevalence has decreased slightly from 2007-2011, the number of people living with HIV remains high. The government has taken steps like screening and treatment centers, but some states still need more attention and services to address the issue comprehensively.
This document discusses a policy dialogue on HIV-sensitive social protection in Asia. It summarizes findings from socioeconomic impact studies in 5 Asian countries showing higher unemployment, medical costs, and school drop-out rates among HIV-affected households. It provides examples of HIV-sensitive social protection programs and discusses how universal health coverage in Thailand, including affordable generic medicines, expanded treatment coverage in a financially sustainable way. The recommendations are to prioritize the most vulnerable in social protection and protect access to affordable medicines for health equity and financial sustainability.
The Australian healthcare system provides a wide range of services, from population health and prevention through to general practice and community health; emergency health services and hospital care; and rehabilitation and palliative care.
The value of the public health practitioner workforceJohn Middleton
The document discusses the value of public health practitioners and the Faculty of Public Health (FPH). It provides background on FPH, including that it has nearly 4,000 members working to improve public health through training, advocacy, and knowledge sharing. It then covers the history and importance of public health, challenges facing public health in the future like antimicrobial resistance and climate change, and calls for training public health practitioners to address complex modern issues.
This editorial discusses academic-private sector collaboration between Addis Ababa University School of Public Health and the Integrated Family Health Program in Ethiopia. It notes that such partnerships are important for leveraging resources, promoting innovation, and solving societal issues. The collaboration between AAU-SPH and IFHP focuses on conducting public health operations research to identify health priorities and operational challenges in Ethiopia's changing health system, in order to develop practical solutions. The editorial provides background on the need for academic institutions to engage in both research and service.
Marketing strategy week5 team c hcs490 health care coummer trendsluvonne2012
This presentation will expand on the marketing strategy for implementing the new program. This presentation will also answer the following questions. What health care access options are available to your target audience? How will that affect how you market to them?How do consumers share health information? What are the implications of those methods of communication? How can you use these different methods to market your product?How might government agencies or regulations impact your product? What does your target audience need to know about this and how will you communicate it to them?How might health care reform affect your product? How will it affect your target audience? How will this affect how you market to them?How are your audience's options for health care changing? How does this affect how you will offer your product to them?How will you engage your target audience? How will you ensure relevancy to them? Why are these factors important for your marketing strategy?
Slides focused on the essence of Japanese health care system for the elderly.and how to teach it. Community-based integrated care system is the core content.
India has been working to eradicate HIV/AIDS, which poses serious health challenges. While efforts have reduced prevalence to some degree, around 2.5 million people in India are still estimated to live with HIV/AIDS. Community interventions and engaging at-risk groups could help reduce risky behaviors. However, lack of awareness and communication have contributed to continuing infection rates despite government programs. The National AIDS Control Program focuses on education to change knowledge and behaviors as a prevention strategy. While HIV prevalence has decreased slightly from 2007-2011, the number of people living with HIV remains high. The government has taken steps like screening and treatment centers, but some states still need more attention and services to address the issue comprehensively.
This document discusses a policy dialogue on HIV-sensitive social protection in Asia. It summarizes findings from socioeconomic impact studies in 5 Asian countries showing higher unemployment, medical costs, and school drop-out rates among HIV-affected households. It provides examples of HIV-sensitive social protection programs and discusses how universal health coverage in Thailand, including affordable generic medicines, expanded treatment coverage in a financially sustainable way. The recommendations are to prioritize the most vulnerable in social protection and protect access to affordable medicines for health equity and financial sustainability.
The Australian healthcare system provides a wide range of services, from population health and prevention through to general practice and community health; emergency health services and hospital care; and rehabilitation and palliative care.
The value of the public health practitioner workforceJohn Middleton
The document discusses the value of public health practitioners and the Faculty of Public Health (FPH). It provides background on FPH, including that it has nearly 4,000 members working to improve public health through training, advocacy, and knowledge sharing. It then covers the history and importance of public health, challenges facing public health in the future like antimicrobial resistance and climate change, and calls for training public health practitioners to address complex modern issues.
This editorial discusses academic-private sector collaboration between Addis Ababa University School of Public Health and the Integrated Family Health Program in Ethiopia. It notes that such partnerships are important for leveraging resources, promoting innovation, and solving societal issues. The collaboration between AAU-SPH and IFHP focuses on conducting public health operations research to identify health priorities and operational challenges in Ethiopia's changing health system, in order to develop practical solutions. The editorial provides background on the need for academic institutions to engage in both research and service.
Marketing strategy week5 team c hcs490 health care coummer trendsluvonne2012
This presentation will expand on the marketing strategy for implementing the new program. This presentation will also answer the following questions. What health care access options are available to your target audience? How will that affect how you market to them?How do consumers share health information? What are the implications of those methods of communication? How can you use these different methods to market your product?How might government agencies or regulations impact your product? What does your target audience need to know about this and how will you communicate it to them?How might health care reform affect your product? How will it affect your target audience? How will this affect how you market to them?How are your audience's options for health care changing? How does this affect how you will offer your product to them?How will you engage your target audience? How will you ensure relevancy to them? Why are these factors important for your marketing strategy?
Slides focused on the essence of Japanese health care system for the elderly.and how to teach it. Community-based integrated care system is the core content.
In the Netherlands we need a better balance between the participation society and the welfare and health state. Participation is done by the extended family and in the health and welfare state the government acts as our mother and father. Both in health (somatic) and psychiatric patients are neglected. That leads to visible confused people in the streets of the Netherlands. Unfortunately helping these people became a task of the police (13% of their time is lost because of these efforts). The number of visible confused people might increase if this unbalance between participation state and welfare and health state remains. My advise for the Taiwanese delegation of Taipei is rely on the extended family and her collectivist competencies if one likes to prevent neglect.
The document summarizes health and human rights challenges in several countries in Africa and the United States. In Kenya, availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality of health services are issues, especially in rural areas. In Uganda, challenges include poor working conditions for health workers, inequitable access to services for patients, and corruption within the health system. Rwanda struggles with high maternal and infant mortality as well as health workforce shortages. Burundi faces issues with the cost of healthcare, shortages of health workers, and women's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS.
The document outlines a road map to accelerate HIV prevention efforts to meet global targets of reducing new HIV infections by 75% by 2020. It finds that while progress has been made, declines in new infections have been too slow, with only 1.7 million new infections in 2016, an 11% decline since 2010. Of 25 focus countries, only 3 saw over 30% declines, while 8 had no decline or increases. No country met the 2015 target of 50% reduction. Faster progress is needed to avoid increased treatment costs and continued mother-to-child transmission programs. The road map proposes intensified prevention programs, especially for adolescent girls, young women and key populations.
Re thinking-european-healthcare-ehp-book-2015 2016 MEDx.CareMEDx eHealthCenter
This document outlines recommendations from the European Health Parliament's committee on antimicrobial resistance. It begins with an executive summary describing the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance and outlines four key areas of recommendations: 1) establishing a European Health Semester platform and national AMR teams to improve cross-border cooperation; 2) preventing AMR through GP interventions, diagnostic tools, and education; 3) implementing manufacturing standards to prevent pharmaceutical pollution; and 4) creating access to innovative tools through a global fund. The full document provides further context on antimicrobial resistance as a global crisis and the factors driving increased resistance.
Mark Strand, PhD, CPH, Professor, North Dakota State University discusses how the nonprofit Evergreen has worked in close partnership with the Shanxi Province Health Bureau in China since 1994, focusing on training and health system strengthening at the CCIH 2018 conference.
Letter from participants of the G7 Civil Society Taskforce which met in Rome (1-2 February 2016) to members of the G7 Health Experts Working Group meeting in Tokyo (18-19 February 2016)
The document discusses India's public and private healthcare systems. It notes that India has many doctors and hospitals but cannot make healthcare available to all. The public healthcare system, run by the government, aims to provide affordable care through a network of hospitals and health centers across villages. However, a case study describes one man's difficulty accessing emergency care, with various hospitals refusing him treatment. The court ruled the government has a duty to provide necessary health services and treatment in emergencies.
The document discusses primary health care and different types of health insurance. It states that primary health care is essential health care that is accessible to communities based on their needs and affordable costs. The document also outlines different types of health insurance plans including HMOs, PPOs, HDHPs, and catastrophic plans. HMOs and EPOs provide coverage only within their networks while PPOs and POS plans allow for some out-of-network coverage at a higher cost. HDHPs have lower premiums but higher deductibles while catastrophic plans only cover major medical expenses.
This document discusses interprofessional care for the elderly in Japan. It provides statistics showing Japan's rapidly aging population and increasing life expectancy. It then describes Japan's transition to a community-based integrated care system to address the needs of elderly citizens. This system includes home nursing, rehabilitation therapists, care managers, and community support centers to coordinate care. The document also discusses changes in health care practices and family structures in Japan that impacted care for the elderly. It emphasizes the need for greater interprofessional collaboration and education among health workers to effectively support Japan's aging population.
“Multifunctional Health and Wellness Community” is a new concept. This research is based on observation and engagement in longterm care, and investigation of CCRC and AARC in the America and Hogeweyk dementia village in the Netherlands. This paper aimed to explore the needs and the attraction of this Community to potential customers through focus group interviews. The fi ndings are as follows: this Community must meet two critical needs: those in terms of facility and functionality. Facility needs include everyday life functions,medical, and environmental functions. Concerning the functionality needs, it is essential to ensure good health of older adults. Attention must also be paid to older adults and the range of care needed for the elderly. Factors that might infl uence the willingness to stay in such a community include older adults’ consideration of their families, family affection, as well as their psychological, social and economic needs.
Report launch: The invisible epidemic – Rethinking the detection and treatmen...ILC- UK
Structural heart disease (SHD) refers to conditions affecting the heart's structure. It primarily affects older people and can be debilitating or deadly if not treated early. The document discusses barriers to optimal SHD detection and treatment in Europe, including lack of awareness, under-detection by doctors, ageism in diagnosis, and unequal access to care. It recommends increasing public and doctor awareness, improving early detection through guidelines and technology, ensuring high-quality treatment, addressing ageism, and collecting better SHD data to understand inequalities and guide policy.
The document discusses self-management of chronic conditions and its importance for sustainability of healthcare systems. It notes that:
- Chronic conditions will rise dramatically, with many people having multiple conditions.
- Expectations of care quality will increase as standards that are currently seen as inadequate will be viewed as inhumane.
- For healthcare systems to be sustainable, chronic conditions must be managed differently by empowering self-management supported by technology and expertise when needed.
ISIS, crop failure and no antibiotics; training for the future of the public'...John Middleton
Looking at international conflict, planetary health threats and the One Health and ecological public health approaches and the training we will need to create the public health practitioners and researchers for the year 2040 160526 middletonj aspher final2
Keynote presentation for a multidisciplinary conference on public health concerns national and local , and with a focus on the NHS plan, the Secretary of States Vision for Prevention and the anticipated Green paper on prevention. 190430 middletonj living well, living longer
Presentation to the Norfolk Medical and Surgical Society, January 21st 2022 on the current state of the pandemic worldwide and in the UK and other global and planetary threats to health and how to 'plan for an outbreak of health'
20220125middleton medchi
The Thai government took actions in the past that reduced HIV prevalence, such as promoting condom use and increasing access to treatment. However, the new government has not done enough, resulting in increased discrimination against people living with HIV and a rise in HIV prevalence. People living with HIV now often go to "AIDS temples" to die, since they face rejection from hospitals and society. While some laws protect people with HIV, discrimination remains common in workplaces, families, and healthcare settings. More action is needed from the government to continue reducing HIV rates and end the stigma faced by those living with the virus.
The document discusses HIV/AIDS in Thailand. It notes that while Thailand initially made progress in reducing HIV rates in the 1990s and 2000s through prevention campaigns like the 100% Condom Program, rates began rising again in the 2000s due to reduced funding and focus on prevention by the government. However, more recently the Thai government has renewed focus on prevention through new programs and partnering with NGOs, and HIV rates have begun decreasing again from 2005-2009. While some critics still argue the government could do more, overall it appears Thailand has had success in reducing HIV through prevention efforts.
HIV/AIDS is a national disaster in Tanzania that requires comprehensive management. Around 1.6 million people in Tanzania are living with HIV, though prevalence varies widely by region from under 2% to over 16%. The epidemic poses serious social and economic threats and has left over 1 million orphans. Tanzania has implemented various prevention strategies, including voluntary counseling and testing, promoting abstinence and faithfulness, condom distribution, preventing mother-to-child transmission, and youth education programs. However, HIV/AIDS continues to devastate the country.
Rural Marketing Analysis on Use of Contraceptives & HIV AwarenessApoorva Yadav
The document discusses HIV/AIDS in rural India based on interviews conducted in a village in Satara. It provides background on HIV/AIDS prevalence in India, noting a 50% decline in new infections from 2000-2011. Government policies aim to increase education and awareness through organizations like NACO. Interviews in the village found high awareness of HIV transmission but low condom use. Teachers provided sex education annually. While women were aware of HIV, attendance at health discussions was low. The village appeared progressive but researchers noted cautious responses requiring longer study to fully understand the situation.
Gender,HIV/AIDs Transmission: Socio Economic And Socio Cultural Impact in Tan...Sandeep Singh
The document discusses the impact of HIV/AIDS in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania based on a survey of over 1,000 respondents. Key findings include: over 60% of respondents reported knowledge of Tanzanian HIV/AIDS prevention programs; 92% thought sex education should be provided to children before they become sexually active; and 74% believed HIV/AIDS leads to children becoming orphans. While 53% saw HIV/AIDS patients as a financial burden, many felt the infected should not be ashamed or expelled from communities. The study highlights impacts on health, education, agriculture, and children and calls for improved prevention efforts, sex education in schools, and amendments to marriage age laws.
This document discusses HIV/AIDS in three main paragraphs. It begins by explaining what HIV/AIDS is, how it was discovered in 1985, and how this led to many questions. It then discusses how people are searching for an understanding and cure, and questions about preventing mother-to-child transmission. Finally, it notes that children born with HIV/AIDS face challenges in sharing their status due to fears of being treated differently.
In the Netherlands we need a better balance between the participation society and the welfare and health state. Participation is done by the extended family and in the health and welfare state the government acts as our mother and father. Both in health (somatic) and psychiatric patients are neglected. That leads to visible confused people in the streets of the Netherlands. Unfortunately helping these people became a task of the police (13% of their time is lost because of these efforts). The number of visible confused people might increase if this unbalance between participation state and welfare and health state remains. My advise for the Taiwanese delegation of Taipei is rely on the extended family and her collectivist competencies if one likes to prevent neglect.
The document summarizes health and human rights challenges in several countries in Africa and the United States. In Kenya, availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality of health services are issues, especially in rural areas. In Uganda, challenges include poor working conditions for health workers, inequitable access to services for patients, and corruption within the health system. Rwanda struggles with high maternal and infant mortality as well as health workforce shortages. Burundi faces issues with the cost of healthcare, shortages of health workers, and women's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS.
The document outlines a road map to accelerate HIV prevention efforts to meet global targets of reducing new HIV infections by 75% by 2020. It finds that while progress has been made, declines in new infections have been too slow, with only 1.7 million new infections in 2016, an 11% decline since 2010. Of 25 focus countries, only 3 saw over 30% declines, while 8 had no decline or increases. No country met the 2015 target of 50% reduction. Faster progress is needed to avoid increased treatment costs and continued mother-to-child transmission programs. The road map proposes intensified prevention programs, especially for adolescent girls, young women and key populations.
Re thinking-european-healthcare-ehp-book-2015 2016 MEDx.CareMEDx eHealthCenter
This document outlines recommendations from the European Health Parliament's committee on antimicrobial resistance. It begins with an executive summary describing the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance and outlines four key areas of recommendations: 1) establishing a European Health Semester platform and national AMR teams to improve cross-border cooperation; 2) preventing AMR through GP interventions, diagnostic tools, and education; 3) implementing manufacturing standards to prevent pharmaceutical pollution; and 4) creating access to innovative tools through a global fund. The full document provides further context on antimicrobial resistance as a global crisis and the factors driving increased resistance.
Mark Strand, PhD, CPH, Professor, North Dakota State University discusses how the nonprofit Evergreen has worked in close partnership with the Shanxi Province Health Bureau in China since 1994, focusing on training and health system strengthening at the CCIH 2018 conference.
Letter from participants of the G7 Civil Society Taskforce which met in Rome (1-2 February 2016) to members of the G7 Health Experts Working Group meeting in Tokyo (18-19 February 2016)
The document discusses India's public and private healthcare systems. It notes that India has many doctors and hospitals but cannot make healthcare available to all. The public healthcare system, run by the government, aims to provide affordable care through a network of hospitals and health centers across villages. However, a case study describes one man's difficulty accessing emergency care, with various hospitals refusing him treatment. The court ruled the government has a duty to provide necessary health services and treatment in emergencies.
The document discusses primary health care and different types of health insurance. It states that primary health care is essential health care that is accessible to communities based on their needs and affordable costs. The document also outlines different types of health insurance plans including HMOs, PPOs, HDHPs, and catastrophic plans. HMOs and EPOs provide coverage only within their networks while PPOs and POS plans allow for some out-of-network coverage at a higher cost. HDHPs have lower premiums but higher deductibles while catastrophic plans only cover major medical expenses.
This document discusses interprofessional care for the elderly in Japan. It provides statistics showing Japan's rapidly aging population and increasing life expectancy. It then describes Japan's transition to a community-based integrated care system to address the needs of elderly citizens. This system includes home nursing, rehabilitation therapists, care managers, and community support centers to coordinate care. The document also discusses changes in health care practices and family structures in Japan that impacted care for the elderly. It emphasizes the need for greater interprofessional collaboration and education among health workers to effectively support Japan's aging population.
“Multifunctional Health and Wellness Community” is a new concept. This research is based on observation and engagement in longterm care, and investigation of CCRC and AARC in the America and Hogeweyk dementia village in the Netherlands. This paper aimed to explore the needs and the attraction of this Community to potential customers through focus group interviews. The fi ndings are as follows: this Community must meet two critical needs: those in terms of facility and functionality. Facility needs include everyday life functions,medical, and environmental functions. Concerning the functionality needs, it is essential to ensure good health of older adults. Attention must also be paid to older adults and the range of care needed for the elderly. Factors that might infl uence the willingness to stay in such a community include older adults’ consideration of their families, family affection, as well as their psychological, social and economic needs.
Report launch: The invisible epidemic – Rethinking the detection and treatmen...ILC- UK
Structural heart disease (SHD) refers to conditions affecting the heart's structure. It primarily affects older people and can be debilitating or deadly if not treated early. The document discusses barriers to optimal SHD detection and treatment in Europe, including lack of awareness, under-detection by doctors, ageism in diagnosis, and unequal access to care. It recommends increasing public and doctor awareness, improving early detection through guidelines and technology, ensuring high-quality treatment, addressing ageism, and collecting better SHD data to understand inequalities and guide policy.
The document discusses self-management of chronic conditions and its importance for sustainability of healthcare systems. It notes that:
- Chronic conditions will rise dramatically, with many people having multiple conditions.
- Expectations of care quality will increase as standards that are currently seen as inadequate will be viewed as inhumane.
- For healthcare systems to be sustainable, chronic conditions must be managed differently by empowering self-management supported by technology and expertise when needed.
ISIS, crop failure and no antibiotics; training for the future of the public'...John Middleton
Looking at international conflict, planetary health threats and the One Health and ecological public health approaches and the training we will need to create the public health practitioners and researchers for the year 2040 160526 middletonj aspher final2
Keynote presentation for a multidisciplinary conference on public health concerns national and local , and with a focus on the NHS plan, the Secretary of States Vision for Prevention and the anticipated Green paper on prevention. 190430 middletonj living well, living longer
Presentation to the Norfolk Medical and Surgical Society, January 21st 2022 on the current state of the pandemic worldwide and in the UK and other global and planetary threats to health and how to 'plan for an outbreak of health'
20220125middleton medchi
The Thai government took actions in the past that reduced HIV prevalence, such as promoting condom use and increasing access to treatment. However, the new government has not done enough, resulting in increased discrimination against people living with HIV and a rise in HIV prevalence. People living with HIV now often go to "AIDS temples" to die, since they face rejection from hospitals and society. While some laws protect people with HIV, discrimination remains common in workplaces, families, and healthcare settings. More action is needed from the government to continue reducing HIV rates and end the stigma faced by those living with the virus.
The document discusses HIV/AIDS in Thailand. It notes that while Thailand initially made progress in reducing HIV rates in the 1990s and 2000s through prevention campaigns like the 100% Condom Program, rates began rising again in the 2000s due to reduced funding and focus on prevention by the government. However, more recently the Thai government has renewed focus on prevention through new programs and partnering with NGOs, and HIV rates have begun decreasing again from 2005-2009. While some critics still argue the government could do more, overall it appears Thailand has had success in reducing HIV through prevention efforts.
HIV/AIDS is a national disaster in Tanzania that requires comprehensive management. Around 1.6 million people in Tanzania are living with HIV, though prevalence varies widely by region from under 2% to over 16%. The epidemic poses serious social and economic threats and has left over 1 million orphans. Tanzania has implemented various prevention strategies, including voluntary counseling and testing, promoting abstinence and faithfulness, condom distribution, preventing mother-to-child transmission, and youth education programs. However, HIV/AIDS continues to devastate the country.
Rural Marketing Analysis on Use of Contraceptives & HIV AwarenessApoorva Yadav
The document discusses HIV/AIDS in rural India based on interviews conducted in a village in Satara. It provides background on HIV/AIDS prevalence in India, noting a 50% decline in new infections from 2000-2011. Government policies aim to increase education and awareness through organizations like NACO. Interviews in the village found high awareness of HIV transmission but low condom use. Teachers provided sex education annually. While women were aware of HIV, attendance at health discussions was low. The village appeared progressive but researchers noted cautious responses requiring longer study to fully understand the situation.
Gender,HIV/AIDs Transmission: Socio Economic And Socio Cultural Impact in Tan...Sandeep Singh
The document discusses the impact of HIV/AIDS in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania based on a survey of over 1,000 respondents. Key findings include: over 60% of respondents reported knowledge of Tanzanian HIV/AIDS prevention programs; 92% thought sex education should be provided to children before they become sexually active; and 74% believed HIV/AIDS leads to children becoming orphans. While 53% saw HIV/AIDS patients as a financial burden, many felt the infected should not be ashamed or expelled from communities. The study highlights impacts on health, education, agriculture, and children and calls for improved prevention efforts, sex education in schools, and amendments to marriage age laws.
This document discusses HIV/AIDS in three main paragraphs. It begins by explaining what HIV/AIDS is, how it was discovered in 1985, and how this led to many questions. It then discusses how people are searching for an understanding and cure, and questions about preventing mother-to-child transmission. Finally, it notes that children born with HIV/AIDS face challenges in sharing their status due to fears of being treated differently.
Austin Journal of HIV/AIDS Research is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of research in HIV/AIDS. The aim of the journal is to provide a forum for researchers and other health professionals to find most recent advances in the areas of HIV/AIDS research and treatment.
Austin Journal of HIV/AIDS Research covers special areas of virology such as HIV/AIDS diagnosis, early detection, prognosis, epidemiology, transmission, palliative care and large multicentre studies of new therapies.
Austin Journal of HIV/AIDS Research accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, clinical images and rapid communication on all the aspects of diagnosis and treatments of HIV/AIDS.
Strategies Used to Control HIV/AIDS in Botswanagmatebele
The document discusses activities aimed at preventing new HIV/AIDS infections. It describes how health officials conduct talks at hospitals and clinics and use media like radio and television to educate people on prevention. Posters encourage safe sexual behavior and slogans promote abstinence, monogamy, and condom use. Condoms are freely distributed and testing centers opened to encourage testing. The government also promotes safe male circumcision and programs to prevent mother-to-child transmission.
The document discusses how proper hand washing is important for preventing the spread of infections, as most people do not wash their hands correctly. It explains that bacteria and viruses can cause different types of infections, including systemic infections that affect multiple body parts. Locations like hospitals are also prone to infections, as nosocomial or hospital-acquired infections can develop in patients after being admitted for medical care.
This article deals with one of the most important diseases which lingers around the humanity for the past 4 decades. This has shattered many families. Created many children losing their both parents or one of them which created a huge impact in their social and economical status. Many are still living not only with the disease but also with the stigma of the disease. Though the perspective of the disease has widely changed from its initial days the impact continues. This article will give you some common facts and information on the same. S. Jayaseela Baskal Rajan | Dr. S. Selvaraj "HIV / AIDS – Common Facts and Information" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49906.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/49906/hiv--aids-–-common-facts-and-information/s-jayaseela-baskal-rajan
HIV/AIDS is a global issue that disproportionately affects developing countries and vulnerable groups. By 2000, over 34 million people worldwide were living with HIV/AIDS, with 95% residing in developing nations. Responses have included prevention education programs, working to increase access to low-cost treatment, and addressing underlying social and economic factors that increase risk. One such program is the National Highway One Project in Vietnam, which aims to reduce transmission along major transport routes through community outreach and encouraging behavior change.
- An estimated 33 million people worldwide are living with HIV/AIDS. In Malaysia, there has been an alarming increase in HIV/AIDS cases among young people aged 20-30, with 78.8% of cases in this age group.
- Unsafe sex and drug use are the main contributors to the spread of HIV/AIDS worldwide and in Malaysia. The Malaysian health ministry works to provide prevention education and free condoms/needles to reduce transmission risks.
- In developing countries where refrigeration is limited, heat-stable versions of antiretroviral drugs like Mylan's generic version of ritonavir have increased access to HIV/AIDS treatment.
This document discusses the health and human rights challenges faced by sexual minorities in Kenya. It notes that 15.2% of new HIV infections are through men having sex with men (MSM), and 60% of MSM are currently living in heterosexual relationships. Criminalization of same-sex relations under Kenyan law presents challenges to providing HIV prevention information and services to sexual minorities. The health impacts extend beyond sexual minorities to their heterosexual partners and wider society. Transgender and intersex individuals face difficulties accessing appropriate medical care due to lack of legal protections and social stigma against sexual minorities. Recognition of sexual minorities and empowering healthcare providers are needed to improve access to HIV services for these marginalized groups in Kenya.
Ziqitza Healthcare Limited, as an Emergency Service Provider, we are at the forefront with the various state government and corporates to ensure that our services which are so critical are not hampered at all.
Running head VULNERABLE POPULATION15VULNERABLE POPULATION .docxagnesdcarey33086
This document discusses vulnerable populations in relation to HIV/AIDS. It identifies several groups that are especially vulnerable, including children living with HIV, homosexuals and transgender groups, and people living in developing countries where HIV is stigmatized. It notes the social, economic, and political challenges faced by those living with HIV, such as discrimination, lack of access to healthcare and treatment, and laws prohibiting education about prevention. The document proposes a community program to address these barriers and help provide testing, prevention, treatment, and care for all people affected by HIV/AIDS.
Running Head HIVAIDS1HIVAIDS2Project Proposal Aw.docxcowinhelen
Running Head: HIV/AIDS
1
HIV/AIDS
2
Project Proposal: Awareness on HIV/AIDS in South American States
Dayana Lewandowski
Florida International University
Introduction to the Problem
Introduction to the Problem
Problem to be addressed. The first cases of AIDS in the United States were reported in New Yolk City and Los Angeles in 1981, but since then the epicenter of the country's HIV epidemic has shifted to the District of Columbia and the 16 states that make up the South, from urban centers. Today, the South is the most affected region and carries the greatest burden of HIV illnesses, deaths, and infection than any other region in the U.S, Rosenberg et al. (2015) reports.
Problem subtopic. Southern states alone account for 44 percent of all individuals infected with HIV in the U.S; surprisingly the region has approximately one-third of the overall population in the U.S. Southern states experience internal disparities due to their geographical position. The majority of people living with HIV live in urban areas just like the rest of the nation, Abara et al. (2015).
Possible Causes and Maintaining Forces
Cause. Unique socioeconomic factors in the South are the primary cause of the heavy burden of HIV. Poverty, poorer health facilities, income inequality, have been more prevalent in the Southern states than the rest of the country. These conditions are not unique to HIV and, overall, the populations in the region have long experienced poorer health outcomes. Among the health challenges are higher rates of diabetes, cancer, obesity as well as infant mortality compared to other areas, Hall et al. (2015) highlight.
Cause. Cultural factors and social barriers also contribute to worsening HIV infection in the South of the United States. Issues such as transphobia, homophobia, racism as well as a lack of openness in discussing sexuality in public are more common in the South, and they result in higher levels of stigma, limiting people's willingness to look for HIV testing, prevention, and care services. The challenges also restrict access to sexual health information which is critical to enable individuals to protect themselves from infection, according to Reif et al. (2015). Many people in South America are fearful or ignorant of HIV. Transgender women and men who have sex with men face high levels of discrimination and stigma putting them at risk of homicide and crimes. Since 2008, about 1,200 transgender individuals have been killed in South America. Furthermore, 44-70 percent of transgender women have expressed the need to relocate or were thrown out of their homes (Skarbinski et al., 2015).
Why the problem persists. The South experiences higher HIV diagnosis rates in rural and suburban areas that other regions countrywide. In this case, there are various drawbacks to HIV prevention efforts in this area, Abara et al. (2015) comments.
Why the problem persists. Compared to other regions, many Southerners living with HIV are not awar ...
Hearing Aids Essay
Essay on Understanding HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS Research Paper
essay on hiv-aids
Essay On AIDS
The Origin of HIV/AIDS Essay
AIDS and HIV Essay
Essay on The Spreading of HIV/AIDS
Mary Fisher- a Whisper of Aids Essay
HIV and AIDS: The Epidemic Essay example
Hiv Aids Conclusions
Hiv/Aids Research Paper
Attitude of the youth towards voluntary counselling and testing (vct) of hiv ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the attitudes of youth in Accra, Ghana toward voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for HIV/AIDS. The study found that while knowledge of HIV/AIDS was high, awareness and use of VCT services was low. Most respondents were unaware that VCT services existed or where they could access them. Of those aware of VCT, very few had utilized the services themselves. Fear of knowing their HIV status appeared to be a major barrier preventing youth from seeking VCT. The study concluded that efforts must be made to increase awareness and use of VCT, especially among youth, through expanded information and education campaigns.
This is an invited presentation made in the HIV & Law ALA Fellow Program held at NCHSR, UNSW, organized by Shingua Univeristy & UNSW (Sponsored by AusAID, Govt. of Australia)
The document discusses three main approaches to treating psychological disorders: biomedical, individual, and group. Biomedical treatment involves medicines to address biological factors like brain chemistry. Individual therapy provides private sessions to help patients understand and process their disorder. Group therapy allows patients to connect and realize they are not alone by sharing experiences. The most effective approach depends on each patient's specific symptoms and which environment helps them feel comfortable exploring their issues.
Misa Yamada chose to discuss her experience during her global citizenship week trip to Morocco for her senior seminar class. [1] She stayed in a small village called BeniKolla, where she was hosted by a local family and experienced authentic Moroccan culture. [2] During her homestay, she helped plant trees, interacted with villagers, and taught local children. [3] This experience demonstrated the four ways of knowing - emotion, as she overcame discomfort; perception, as she changed her views on materialism; and language, as she communicated through gestures despite a language barrier.
Suwannee Triratanavasai is a Buddhist businesswoman from Thailand. [1] She practices her religion through meditation and frequent visits to the temple. [2] She does not believe in spirit houses and feels they could potentially create problems. [3] While her business partner visits the spirit house at work and makes offerings, she does not participate. [4] Suwannee does not wear amulets either, feeling they are only a belief not a Buddhist teaching. [5] She has experienced smells that she associates with good or bad occurrences in line with karma and Buddha's teachings.
Misa Yamada interviewed her mother about her Buddhist beliefs and practices for a school assignment on religion and animism. She learned that her mother strictly follows Buddha's original teachings and does not believe in animism or amulets. Her mother believes in karma and accepting what happens as having a purpose according to Buddha's sayings. While her mother used to visit astrologers due to its role in Thai culture, she now focuses on living in the present as the teachings say. The interview went smoothly and gave Misa new perspectives on her mother's Buddhist faith and animism in Thai culture.
The document discusses the experiences of being bicultural from the perspective of the author. As someone who is half Japanese and half Thai and was educated in an international school in Thailand, the author relates to the struggles of the character Kana in finding her identity between two cultures in the novel Orchard. The author feels like a foreigner in both Thailand and Japan due to physical appearance, behavior, language fluency, and other cultural influences. However, being bicultural also provides opportunities to adapt to different expectations and appreciate various cultures and societies.
Misa Yamada chose to do a macro photography project to observe extremely small objects at a one-to-one scale. They researched macro photography and found that it uses close-up lenses or camera settings to photograph objects barely visible to the naked eye at life-size or larger scales. Yamada practiced macro photography by photographing small objects like keyboard letters and phone parts. Their focus became flowers, capturing details of stigmas, anthers, and rose petals. For their project, Yamada selected photos that showed clarity of subjects and had interesting compositions from blurred to focused areas.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/RvdYsTzgQq8
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/ECILGWtgZko
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s PerspectiveGolden Helix
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Congestive Heart failure is caused by low cardiac output and high sympathetic discharge. Diuretics reduce preload, ACE inhibitors lower afterload, beta blockers reduce sympathetic activity, and digitalis has inotropic effects. Newer medications target vasodilation and myosin activation to improve heart efficiency while lowering energy requirements. Combination therapy, following an assessment of cardiac function and volume status, is the most effective strategy to heart failure care.
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montreal
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...Jim Jacob Roy
In this presentation , SBP ( spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ) , which is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is described in detail.
The reference for this presentation is Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Textbook ( 11th edition ).
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
Visit Us: https://drdeepikashomeopathy.com/service/irregular-periods-treatment/
Gene therapy can be broadly defined as the transfer of genetic material to cure a disease or at least to improve the clinical status of a patient.
One of the basic concepts of gene therapy is to transform viruses into genetic shuttles, which will deliver the gene of interest into the target cells.
Safe methods have been devised to do this, using several viral and non-viral vectors.
In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient's cells instead of using drugs or surgery.
The biggest hurdle faced by medical research in gene therapy is the availability of effective gene-carrying vectors that meet all of the following criteria:
Protection of transgene or genetic cargo from degradative action of systemic and endonucleases,
Delivery of genetic material to the target site, i.e., either cell cytoplasm or nucleus,
Low potential of triggering unwanted immune responses or genotoxicity,
Economical and feasible availability for patients .
Viruses are naturally evolved vehicles that efficiently transfer their genes into host cells.
Choice of viral vector is dependent on gene transfer efficiency, capacity to carry foreign genes, toxicity, stability, immune responses towards viral antigens and potential viral recombination.
There are a wide variety of vectors used to deliver DNA or oligo nucleotides into mammalian cells, either in vitro or in vivo.
The most common vector system based on retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses, adeno associated viruses.
1. Name: Misa Yamada
Topic: HIV and Aids
Period: 1
Lack of Education Causes Thai Citizens to Obliviously Undergo Agony
Is the Thai government executing adequately to aid against the issue of HIV and
Aids?
“I wanna die. I wanna die” (Yuasa). Envision the lives of those whom have
nothing left, but only suffer from abandonment, tender aches and dread in their lives.
These sore emotions are what the patients in Thailand with the illness of HIV and
Aids undergo day by day. The initial case of Aids in Thailand was established in the
year of 1984 (Aids Data Hub). At that time a great number of HIV infections and
Aids resulted from various transmission techniques; injecting drug users (IDU),
heterosexuals, homosexuals, and mother-to-child infections (Aids Data Hub). Soon
after the outburst, the government engaged the issue immediately, which resulted in a
year with positive feedbacks. From the years of 1987 to 1988, the HIV incidence
amongst injecting drug users in Bangkok went from 0% to 49%, but shortly
afterwards, an approximate of people who lived with HIV had decreased from
660,000 in the year of 2001 to 610,000 in 2007 (Aids Data Hub). Before long, the
projected HIV rate gradually decreased as the government assisted with various ways
of prevention. However, the government soon made alterations to numerous branches
of funds in Thailand, which devastated the HIV/Aids prevention strategies. With
fewer funds to aid the prevention strategies of HIV/Aids, it had impacted with a result
of an increase rate of HIV and Aids infections (“AIDS SPECIAL…”). Thus, while the
government has attempted to address the HIV/Aids issue in Thailand, the government
has not put sufficient effort into the crisis, as the rate of HIV/Aids infection has
1
2. increased.
To an extent, the government policy has been effective in the prevention of
HIV. At the preliminary stages of the HIV/Aids issue, the battle against the increase
of HIV/Aids rate excelled during the late 1980’s through the 1990’s (Cumming-
Bruce). In the role of Mechai Viravaidya; ex-deputy minister of industry and senator,
he is Thailand’s leading family-planning advocate and HIV/Aids activist. Mr.
Viravaidya has compelled an increase in countless attempts of promotion, in intention
towards sexual safety awareness of HIV/Aids (“AIDS SPECIAL…”). Through Mr.
Viravaidya’s endeavoring approaches to inhibit the increase of HIV/Aids rate, he set
up a high portion of government funds towards educating about the concern of sexual
safety awareness and HIV/Aids to the young citizens of Thailand. As a result, Mr.
Viravaidya’s prevention strategy succeeded with a decrease rate of HIV/Aids
infections as well as informing the Thai citizens with knowledge about HIV/Aids
(Morse). More recently, a venture of a national Aids prevention plan has been thought
upon; the Condom Point (Fernquest). The recent prevention plan to decrease the HIV/
Aids rate, is the dispense of free condoms and lubricant gel packs at entertainment
venues such as discos, karaoke bars, fitness centers, saunas and beauty salons to target
towards gay men (Fernquest). Given that a high HIV transmission rate between men
who are having sex with men is from the result of unsafe sex (Fernquest). According
to the Public Health Ministry, it has also been expected that there will be an
approximate 10,097 new HIV cases this year, of which 30% of the new cases are of
men having sex with men (Fernquest). In addition, Mr. Paijit Warachit, Public Health
secretary stated that if a prevention plan is not formed, the group of men having sex
with men (MSM) could be accountable for half the total amount of new cases in the
country for the next fourteen years. Moreover, Mr. Kittinan Thammatat; chairman of
2
3. the gay rights advocacy group, Thai Rainbow Club, believes that the Condom Point
project will permit young sexually active men having sex with men with better access
to condoms as an effective tool in prevention of transmitting HIV/Aids or other
sexually transmitted diseases, for instance syphilis and hepatitis. Toward the direction
of promoting condom use, Mr. Thammatat is presently also in attempt to lower the
price of condoms. The reason desired to lower the costs of condoms is because a pack
of condoms costs around 40 to 50 baht, which is considered expensive to teenagers of
both heterosexuals and homosexuals (Fernquest). With high costs of condoms, this
leads to the lack of condom use during sexual activities for protection, as condoms are
not commonly utilized among the young citizens of Thailand. So as a result, lowering
the costs of condoms may reduce the increase rate of sexual transmitted diseases.
A vital extensive discriminatory issue in Thailand is the discrimination
towards people with HIV/Aids. Each and every entity has the entitlement to obtain the
utmost respect as an individual. Although the utter rights to each individual is an
opposition in Thailand. Individuals who are tested HIV-positive or contain Aids are
left behind by their family and friends, leaving the infected HIV/Aids patients with no
one and nothing (Yuasa). Frequently, people infected with Aids travel to the temple
hospice on their own, even with their children from time to time, having no other
place to go to (Yuasa). On occasions, some Aids patients are dropped off by their
family at the temple and have been abandoned by their families, since they do not see
their families ever again (Yuasa). Even still after the deaths of Aids patients, most
families do not return to the temple to get a hold of the bones (Yuasa). This clearly
demonstrates pessimistic discrimination to HIV/Aids patients. Promoter of safe sex
and education on HIV/Aids activist, Mechai Viravaidya stated that ex-Prime Minister,
Thaksin Shinawatra is the only one of seven Prime Ministers who have never attended
3
4. a meeting of the national Aids council (Cumming-Bruce). So as the Prime Minister at
the time, Thaksin Shinawatra did not attend the meeting of the national Aids council.
This is also very apparent that the government is apathetic to the issue, which is also a
form of discrimination towards the infected HIV/Aids patients. An additional
discriminatory factor towards patients with HIV/Aids is the illegal act of unlawful
requirement of the HIV/Aids tests to permit employment (Gunawan Pratama…
group). Illegitimately, whether the Thai law requires the HIV tests in order to allow
the consent of employment or not, it should not effect the factor of permitting
employment to an individual. Whether a person attains the HIV/Aids disease or not,
an individual should not have to contend with a personal health issue, as it is injustice.
The government has worked to some extent as the government policy has
helped people living with HIV. From the year 2001, the Thai government has
provided the antiretroviral drug treatment (ART) free of charge to those with Aids.
Originally, about 63 branded drugs were used to aid the patients with the disease in
Thailand, however an increase in the production of generic drugs within Thailand has
allowed the government to get a hold of the medication at a cheaper price ("AIDS in
Thailand."). An estimation of about 78 thousand aids patients has received the
antiretroviral drug, which the Thai government provides to those in need at no cost
(Cumming-Bruce). The provision of the free medical treatment of the antiretroviral
drug allows one who’s infected with Aids to live on with life accordingly. Also, as
mentioned earlier, the “Condom Point” program is currently in launch to
entertainment venues nationwide by next year in the prevention of HIV/Aids
transmissions. In which, the installations of the “Condom Points” will allow safe
sexual activities among heterosexuals and homosexuals which will hopefully decrease
the rate of HIV/Aids infections. The outcome of the “Condom Point” will allow
4
5. patients with HIV/Aids to have safe sex with other individuals by avoiding the
transmission of the HIV/Aids disease to someone else. So with free medical
treatments to HIV/Aids patients and the “Condom Points”, the government helps both
the people who are infected with HIV/Aids and those who are not infected.
While it is true that the government policy assists those who are tainted with
the HIV/Aids virus with antiretroviral medication, the government is not facilitating
for everyone living with the HIV/Aids disease. Located northeast of Bangkok in Lop
Buri, is a home to innumerable HIV/Aids patients that have been abandoned. A
compassionate Buddhist monk, Alongkot Dikkapanya left his promising career in the
engineering at the ministry of agriculture at the age of 26 to become a monk, and then
soon became a divinity figure to those without hope and faith. At the monks’ temple,
he offers the abandoned aids patients’ shelter, food and medical treatments. From
contributions given from individual visitors and the Royal Family, the monk is able to
provide shelter, food and medicine (Yuasa). Excluding the government, they do not
fund the Aids hospice to help support those who have no money, no job, and no
family. Even though the government policy serves free antiretroviral medications to
HIV/Aids patients, a considerable amount of money has been reduced in education
and prevention concerning HIV/Aids (“AIDS SPECIAL…”). Education towards Aids
has gone into ‘hibernation’ and the Thai citizens do not realize the outcomes of unsafe
sexual transmissions and unsafe injections (“AIDS SPECIAL…”). Hence the reason
to exhaust and overstress the importance of education to prevent the cause of
HIV/Aids infections is crucial. The occurrence of HIV/Aids infections between
intravenous drug addicts still remains at about 40% or more. With the provision of
antiretroviral medication for HIV/Aids patients provided by the government, it has yet
cause increases and constant HIV/Aids results. This is due to the lack of education on
5
6. HIV/Aids (Cumming-Bruce). Thus this illustrates an articulate example that the
government does not take sufficient caution towards all the people with HIV/Aids.
Despite the fact that the government policy has been effective in the
prevention of HIV, the truth of the matter is that the changes in government funding
has led to an increase in HIV. By the reason that HIV/Aids has increased is of the
deficient amount spent towards educating about the effects of unprotected sex or
unsafe needle use (“AIDS SPECIAL…”). Since the government funds reduced
towards the issue of HIV/Aids, the HIV/Aids disease has doubled since the year 2000
in certain areas of southern Thailand. Also an increase HIV/Aids infections in the
percentage of gay and bisexual men has raised from 17.3% in the year of 2003 to
23.8% in 2005 (Cumming-Bruce). Consequently, a number of risk groups have re-
emerged, causing the infection rates among drug users, exploiting unsafe injection
techniques as high as 50% (“AIDS SPECIAL…”). In result of the government funds,
less than one percent of the country’s gross domestic product has been spent on health
preventions, such as HIV/Aids. With less than one percent of the country’s gross
domestic product being spent towards health preventions, the amount of money used
towards preventing HIV/Aids is not adequate (Fernquest). This clearly demonstrates
that the government lacks consideration towards the HIV/Aids issue. So the
government should further study the issue of HIV/Aids with acknowledgement
towards HIV/Aids prevention campaigns to resolve the result of increases in
HIV/Aids infections. It is evident that the lack of education towards HIV/Aids
infections is the main source in which the rate of HIV/Aids infections has increased.
Therefore, educating the citizens of Thailand in regards towards the issue of
HIV/Aids can result in a positive aspect in the hopes of fighting and preventing the
HIV/Aids disease.
6
7. Albeit the fact that the Thai government serves free medication to HIV/Aids
patients, the government has failed to achieve the prevention of HIV/Aids due to
altered government funds, causing the rate of HIV/Aids infections to increase, as well
as the prevention of discrimination towards HIV/Aids patients. The widespread of
discrimination towards people with HIV/Aids has not been in defense of those with
HIV/Aids, thus prevents the patients with the permit of employment, family and the
most important, love. As a final point, the HIV/Aids rate has increased due to the lack
of funds to support the education of HIV/Aids. As well, the Thai government falls
short in assisting each and every one of those who are infected with HIV/Aids, as they
do not aid hospices that provide a home, free shelter, food and medical care to the
HIV/Aids victims. In consequence, it is apparent that the Thai government has not
adequately situated the prevention of HIV/Aids issue to reduce the HIV/Aids
infection rate.
7