There are three types of electrical charges: positive charges consist of protons, negative charges consist of electrons, and the SI unit of charge is the coulomb. Conductors contain free or loosely bound electrons that allow them to conduct electricity, while insulators do not have free electrons and obstruct electricity flow. Potential difference is defined as the work required to move a unit positive charge between two points in an electric field. Common measuring instruments include the voltmeter, which measures potential difference, and the ammeter, which measures electric current in amperes. Resistors can be connected in series, where the total resistance is the sum of individual resistances, or parallel, where the total resistance is lower than the lowest individual resistance.
This document discusses electricity and related concepts. It defines types of charges as positive or negative, with protons carrying positive charge and electrons carrying negative charge. It explains concepts such as conductors, insulators, electric potential, potential difference, and Ohm's law relating voltage, current, and resistance. Measurement devices like voltmeters and ammeters are described. Factors affecting resistance and heating effects of electric current are also summarized. Important scientists like Georg Ohm and James Joule and their contributions are highlighted.
1. The document discusses electricity and various electrical concepts like charge, current, voltage, resistance, and circuits. It defines these terms and explains properties and relationships between concepts.
2. Key points covered include that electricity is the flow of electrons in a circuit, current is the rate of flow of charge, and Ohm's Law defines the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance.
3. The document also compares series and parallel circuits, explaining that series circuits have higher total resistance while parallel circuits have lower total resistance.
Electricity is a controllable form of energy that flows through conductors to create electric circuits. An electric current is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge. The current is measured in amperes, where 1 ampere is the flow of 1 coulomb of charge per second. Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it, defined as work per unit charge. The constant of proportionality is the resistance of the conductor. Resistance depends on several factors related to the properties of the material.
1. The document discusses electricity, including types of charges, units of charge, conductors and insulators, electric potential, potential difference, Ohm's law, resistors, and heating effect of electric current.
2. Key people mentioned include Georg Ohm for whom Ohm's law is named, as well as James Prescott Joule for his experiments relating electrical work to thermal energy.
3. Resistors can be connected in series or parallel, and the document explains how total resistance is calculated for each type of connection.
This lesson plan introduces various concepts of electricity including electronic charges, direction of electron flow, measuring electric charge, electric force, electric field, and electric potential. It aims to help students understand that electric charge is a fundamental property of matter, electrons determine whether an object is positively or negatively charged, and charge is measured in coulombs. The lesson will also explain that electric force depends on the charges and distance between them, as well as the medium, and that electric field lines show the direction of force. Finally, it will define electric potential as the work needed to bring a unit positive charge to a point against electric forces.
This document discusses several key concepts related to electric circuits:
1. It defines electric current as the flow of electrons through a conductor caused by a cell or battery. Current is measured in amperes and flows from the positive terminal to the negative terminal.
2. It explains that electric current only flows when there is a potential difference or voltage between two points in a circuit provided by a cell or battery. Voltage is measured in volts.
3. It states Ohm's law, which establishes the direct relationship between current and voltage in a circuit: the current is directly proportional to the voltage when resistance remains constant.
This document discusses electricity and related concepts. It defines types of charges as positive or negative, with protons carrying positive charge and electrons carrying negative charge. It explains concepts such as conductors, insulators, electric potential, potential difference, and Ohm's law relating voltage, current, and resistance. Measurement devices like voltmeters and ammeters are described. Factors affecting resistance and heating effects of electric current are also summarized. Important scientists like Georg Ohm and James Joule and their contributions are highlighted.
1. The document discusses electricity and various electrical concepts like charge, current, voltage, resistance, and circuits. It defines these terms and explains properties and relationships between concepts.
2. Key points covered include that electricity is the flow of electrons in a circuit, current is the rate of flow of charge, and Ohm's Law defines the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance.
3. The document also compares series and parallel circuits, explaining that series circuits have higher total resistance while parallel circuits have lower total resistance.
Electricity is a controllable form of energy that flows through conductors to create electric circuits. An electric current is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge. The current is measured in amperes, where 1 ampere is the flow of 1 coulomb of charge per second. Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it, defined as work per unit charge. The constant of proportionality is the resistance of the conductor. Resistance depends on several factors related to the properties of the material.
1. The document discusses electricity, including types of charges, units of charge, conductors and insulators, electric potential, potential difference, Ohm's law, resistors, and heating effect of electric current.
2. Key people mentioned include Georg Ohm for whom Ohm's law is named, as well as James Prescott Joule for his experiments relating electrical work to thermal energy.
3. Resistors can be connected in series or parallel, and the document explains how total resistance is calculated for each type of connection.
This lesson plan introduces various concepts of electricity including electronic charges, direction of electron flow, measuring electric charge, electric force, electric field, and electric potential. It aims to help students understand that electric charge is a fundamental property of matter, electrons determine whether an object is positively or negatively charged, and charge is measured in coulombs. The lesson will also explain that electric force depends on the charges and distance between them, as well as the medium, and that electric field lines show the direction of force. Finally, it will define electric potential as the work needed to bring a unit positive charge to a point against electric forces.
This document discusses several key concepts related to electric circuits:
1. It defines electric current as the flow of electrons through a conductor caused by a cell or battery. Current is measured in amperes and flows from the positive terminal to the negative terminal.
2. It explains that electric current only flows when there is a potential difference or voltage between two points in a circuit provided by a cell or battery. Voltage is measured in volts.
3. It states Ohm's law, which establishes the direct relationship between current and voltage in a circuit: the current is directly proportional to the voltage when resistance remains constant.
This is a ppt which is based on electricity chapter of class 10 in science ncert cbse book . it will definitely enhance your knowledge and clear all concepts about this chapter .
Electric current flows when charges move through a conducting material in a closed circuit. The document discusses key concepts related to electricity including:
- Electricity is a type of energy that can build up in one place or flow from one place to another as static or current electricity.
- An electric circuit allows current to flow when it provides a complete loop or path for charges to move through components like wires, batteries, and light bulbs.
- Key factors that control current in a circuit include resistance of the materials and voltage of the power source according to Ohm's law.
based on class 10 chapter electricity.
consists of topic such as-
electric potential,electric current, resistors ,series and parallel connection, heating effect of electric current, electric power,etc.
- Electric current is the flow of electric charge. It is studied in current electricity and owes its origin to Alessandro Volta's invention of the battery, which produced a steady flow of electric current.
- In conductors like metals, loosely bound electrons can move freely and produce electric current when a potential difference is applied across the conductor by a battery. These free electrons drift in the direction of the electric field.
- Current is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge. It is measured in amperes, which is the amount of charge (in coulombs) passing through an area in one second. Current is a scalar quantity while current density is a vector quantity.
1) The document is a PowerPoint presentation about electricity created by Dheeraj Kumar Meena for class 10.
2) It covers topics like electric current and circuits, electrical potential and potential difference, Ohm's law, and types of electric circuits.
3) Ohm's law explains the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance and states that at constant temperature, current is directly proportional to potential difference.
Electricity Class 10 Physics Chapter Complete with FormulaeShreyaans Nahata
Electricity is the flow of electrons through a closed circuit. It was discovered by William Gilbert and consists of electrons in motion. Conductors allow the flow of electricity through the presence of free electrons between atoms. Insulators do not allow electricity to flow as they lack free electrons. Electric charge, current, potential difference, and other concepts are explained along with circuits, Ohm's law, and electrical power calculations. Key formulas and relationships are defined for voltage, current, resistance, energy, and power.
Electricity is a form of energy that can be changed into other forms. Electric current is the flow of electrons through a conductor due to a voltage difference provided by a power source like a battery. An electric circuit is a continuous loop or path that allows electric current to flow from the positive terminal of a battery or other power source through components like wires, light bulbs, and back to the negative terminal. Circuits can be arranged in series or parallel configurations, which determine how components are connected and how current and resistance are calculated. Heat is generated by the resistance of components in a circuit as electric current passes through due to the conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy.
Electric current is the flow of electric charge. It is measured in Amperes and can be measured using an ammeter. The rate of electric current is equal to the total charge passed divided by the time taken. There are two types of electric current: direct current which flows in one direction and alternating current which periodically changes direction. Electromotive force is the energy converted when a coulomb of charge passes through a source and is measured in Volts. Potential difference is the energy lost when a coulomb passes between two points in a circuit and is also measured in Volts. Components connected in series have their emfs add up while those in parallel do not. Resistance depends on the material and dimensions of a conductor. It is
Electricity, types of charges, current, circuitsDaksh Tomar
There are two types of electric charges: positive charges consist of protons and negative charges consist of electrons. The standard unit of charge is the coulomb. Conductors are substances that allow electric current to flow through them because they contain free or loosely bound electrons. Insulators do not allow electric current because they lack free electrons. Ohm's law defines the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit. Power in a circuit is calculated as the product of current and voltage or the product of voltage squared and resistance.
This document provides an overview of electricity concepts for 10th grade students. It defines electric current and circuits, potential difference, Ohm's law, factors that affect resistance, and series and parallel resistors. It explains heating effects of electric current and its applications. It also defines electric power, the watt unit of power, and units of electric energy like watt-hours and kilowatt-hours. Key concepts are explained through examples and diagrams. The document aims to comprehensively cover core topics in electricity for 10th grade based on information from textbooks, YouTube, Wikipedia and other sources.
The document discusses key concepts in electricity including electric current, electric circuits, potential difference, resistance, and Ohm's Law. It defines electric current as the flow of electrons through a conductor. An electric circuit is a continuous closed path for electric current to flow. Potential difference is the difference in electric potential needed to cause current flow. Ohm's Law states that current is directly proportional to potential difference in a conductor. Resistance depends on the material and dimensions of the conductor.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to electricity including:
- Definitions of electric current, potential difference, and electromotive force.
- Components of an electric circuit and how circuits can be open or closed.
- How current and voltage are measured using ammeters and voltmeters.
- Ohm's law relating voltage, current, and resistance.
- Factors that affect resistance and how resistors can be combined in series or parallel.
- Applications of electricity such as heating effects in devices like kettles and light bulbs.
this presentation is based on magnetic effect of electric current, a which many of us have studies or will be studying in higher classes.this presentation is a better way of understanding the topic and in a visual way
this ppt was created by me and i hope it helps to all of you out there. peace
objective : school projects
personal reference
teachers reference
i know its a bit lengthy but im 100% sure it will be helpful
plz leave a like
thxs
Electrical Current is the flow of charged particles. The flow of charges will be constant in current electricity. For the current to flow we need a circuit. The electrons in a current flows from negative to positive. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Introduction of Current Electricity www.askiitians.com/iit-jee-electric-current/introduction-of-current-electricity/
The document summarizes a final campaign presentation about improving a parenting organization. It identifies three main problem areas: credibility, proactivity, and awareness. For credibility, solutions proposed include redesigning the website to be more interactive and hiring an intern to find support and update regularly. For proactivity, solutions are to establish a social media presence like Facebook and Twitter and hire an intern to manage the accounts. For awareness, solutions proposed are to consistently produce promotional materials and spread awareness through social media.
The document discusses 10 poetic devices: alliteration, metaphor, irony, imagery, hyperbole, symbol, repetition, personification, simile. It provides the definition and an example for each device to illustrate how poets use these tools to create rhythm, enhance meaning, intensify moods and feelings in poems. These devices help structure poems similar to how construction materials hold structures together.
This is a ppt which is based on electricity chapter of class 10 in science ncert cbse book . it will definitely enhance your knowledge and clear all concepts about this chapter .
Electric current flows when charges move through a conducting material in a closed circuit. The document discusses key concepts related to electricity including:
- Electricity is a type of energy that can build up in one place or flow from one place to another as static or current electricity.
- An electric circuit allows current to flow when it provides a complete loop or path for charges to move through components like wires, batteries, and light bulbs.
- Key factors that control current in a circuit include resistance of the materials and voltage of the power source according to Ohm's law.
based on class 10 chapter electricity.
consists of topic such as-
electric potential,electric current, resistors ,series and parallel connection, heating effect of electric current, electric power,etc.
- Electric current is the flow of electric charge. It is studied in current electricity and owes its origin to Alessandro Volta's invention of the battery, which produced a steady flow of electric current.
- In conductors like metals, loosely bound electrons can move freely and produce electric current when a potential difference is applied across the conductor by a battery. These free electrons drift in the direction of the electric field.
- Current is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge. It is measured in amperes, which is the amount of charge (in coulombs) passing through an area in one second. Current is a scalar quantity while current density is a vector quantity.
1) The document is a PowerPoint presentation about electricity created by Dheeraj Kumar Meena for class 10.
2) It covers topics like electric current and circuits, electrical potential and potential difference, Ohm's law, and types of electric circuits.
3) Ohm's law explains the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance and states that at constant temperature, current is directly proportional to potential difference.
Electricity Class 10 Physics Chapter Complete with FormulaeShreyaans Nahata
Electricity is the flow of electrons through a closed circuit. It was discovered by William Gilbert and consists of electrons in motion. Conductors allow the flow of electricity through the presence of free electrons between atoms. Insulators do not allow electricity to flow as they lack free electrons. Electric charge, current, potential difference, and other concepts are explained along with circuits, Ohm's law, and electrical power calculations. Key formulas and relationships are defined for voltage, current, resistance, energy, and power.
Electricity is a form of energy that can be changed into other forms. Electric current is the flow of electrons through a conductor due to a voltage difference provided by a power source like a battery. An electric circuit is a continuous loop or path that allows electric current to flow from the positive terminal of a battery or other power source through components like wires, light bulbs, and back to the negative terminal. Circuits can be arranged in series or parallel configurations, which determine how components are connected and how current and resistance are calculated. Heat is generated by the resistance of components in a circuit as electric current passes through due to the conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy.
Electric current is the flow of electric charge. It is measured in Amperes and can be measured using an ammeter. The rate of electric current is equal to the total charge passed divided by the time taken. There are two types of electric current: direct current which flows in one direction and alternating current which periodically changes direction. Electromotive force is the energy converted when a coulomb of charge passes through a source and is measured in Volts. Potential difference is the energy lost when a coulomb passes between two points in a circuit and is also measured in Volts. Components connected in series have their emfs add up while those in parallel do not. Resistance depends on the material and dimensions of a conductor. It is
Electricity, types of charges, current, circuitsDaksh Tomar
There are two types of electric charges: positive charges consist of protons and negative charges consist of electrons. The standard unit of charge is the coulomb. Conductors are substances that allow electric current to flow through them because they contain free or loosely bound electrons. Insulators do not allow electric current because they lack free electrons. Ohm's law defines the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit. Power in a circuit is calculated as the product of current and voltage or the product of voltage squared and resistance.
This document provides an overview of electricity concepts for 10th grade students. It defines electric current and circuits, potential difference, Ohm's law, factors that affect resistance, and series and parallel resistors. It explains heating effects of electric current and its applications. It also defines electric power, the watt unit of power, and units of electric energy like watt-hours and kilowatt-hours. Key concepts are explained through examples and diagrams. The document aims to comprehensively cover core topics in electricity for 10th grade based on information from textbooks, YouTube, Wikipedia and other sources.
The document discusses key concepts in electricity including electric current, electric circuits, potential difference, resistance, and Ohm's Law. It defines electric current as the flow of electrons through a conductor. An electric circuit is a continuous closed path for electric current to flow. Potential difference is the difference in electric potential needed to cause current flow. Ohm's Law states that current is directly proportional to potential difference in a conductor. Resistance depends on the material and dimensions of the conductor.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to electricity including:
- Definitions of electric current, potential difference, and electromotive force.
- Components of an electric circuit and how circuits can be open or closed.
- How current and voltage are measured using ammeters and voltmeters.
- Ohm's law relating voltage, current, and resistance.
- Factors that affect resistance and how resistors can be combined in series or parallel.
- Applications of electricity such as heating effects in devices like kettles and light bulbs.
this presentation is based on magnetic effect of electric current, a which many of us have studies or will be studying in higher classes.this presentation is a better way of understanding the topic and in a visual way
this ppt was created by me and i hope it helps to all of you out there. peace
objective : school projects
personal reference
teachers reference
i know its a bit lengthy but im 100% sure it will be helpful
plz leave a like
thxs
Electrical Current is the flow of charged particles. The flow of charges will be constant in current electricity. For the current to flow we need a circuit. The electrons in a current flows from negative to positive. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Introduction of Current Electricity www.askiitians.com/iit-jee-electric-current/introduction-of-current-electricity/
The document summarizes a final campaign presentation about improving a parenting organization. It identifies three main problem areas: credibility, proactivity, and awareness. For credibility, solutions proposed include redesigning the website to be more interactive and hiring an intern to find support and update regularly. For proactivity, solutions are to establish a social media presence like Facebook and Twitter and hire an intern to manage the accounts. For awareness, solutions proposed are to consistently produce promotional materials and spread awareness through social media.
The document discusses 10 poetic devices: alliteration, metaphor, irony, imagery, hyperbole, symbol, repetition, personification, simile. It provides the definition and an example for each device to illustrate how poets use these tools to create rhythm, enhance meaning, intensify moods and feelings in poems. These devices help structure poems similar to how construction materials hold structures together.
The Creative Learning Center aims to enhance its reputation and increase enrollment in its Pre-K program. It has three goals: to revamp its image, enhance its Pre-K reputation, and expand its online presence. A public relations intern will manage social media, help with events, and distribute promotional materials to help achieve these goals by August 2015 and March 2016. The internship coordinator can be contacted for more information.
The Department of English and Related Literature at the University of York is consistently ranked in the top 30 worldwide by QS World Rankings and was first in the UK for world-leading research according to the 2014 Research Excellence Framework. The department offers a flexible English degree with global breadth and historical depth taught through small seminars led by world-leading researchers, with a wide choice of modules and opportunities to study abroad or pursue a combined degree.
This webinar is about the overview of Need Assessment domain, which is introduced in PMI-PBA®. The Needs Assessment domain includes activities related to understanding a business problem or opportunity and evaluating various inputs to help develop an effective solution.
During the webinar, we also looked at PMI's Business Analysis Certificate, PMI-PBA®
This webinar is about how SWOT can be used to develop organisational strategies, while developing organisational strategies an assessment of internal and external environment is done. After investigating these internal and external realities, SWOT can be used to evaluate organisational business situations and then this information can be used to develop potential organisational strategies.
During the webinar, we also looked at PMI's Business Analysis Certification, PMI-PBA® and in the context of upcoming Jan 2015 CCR changes, we also provided a brief of why minimum number of PDUs will be needed in regards to the strategic and business management skills for maintaining any of your PMI certificates.
In this session, we are looking at Business Analysis as an important element in making projects / programs successful.
This presentation explores the link between Business Analysis and Project Life Cycle.
We also looked at PMI's Business Analysis Certificate, PMI-PBA®
The document discusses the architecture and components of the Internet of Things (IoT). It describes the four main layers of an IoT architecture: (1) the application layer, (2) the gateway and network layer, (3) the management service layer, and (4) the sensor layer. It also discusses some key enabling technologies for IoT like RFID, wireless sensor networks, and IPv6 addressing. Finally, it outlines reasons for IoT's expected success in coming years and how IoT will impact people by connecting more objects to make lives more productive, safer, and informed.
This presentation discusses frequently confusing areas of Perform Integrated Change Control, Change Management is one of the important topics of PMP and this presentation with video will help test takers in marking many questions right.
Organizations worldwide spend/invest millions of dollars on activities/projects/programs to achieve short to long terms Vision/Goals. However often there is a lack of common understanding desired benefits and organization don’t have a concrete plan to quantify benefits achieved. These results in organization not having a correct view on ROI once the projects are completed. Global competition and ever evolving disruptive technologies has forced organization to have more disciplined approach towards benefits realization for every $ spent. Benefit realization management (BRM) is a discipline that help organization focus on overall benefits achieved and further enhance the value chain through continuous feedback mechanism.
This document discusses electricity and related concepts. It begins by defining electric charge and its properties. It then discusses methods of charging objects and defines electricity as the flow of electrons in a circuit. It explains electric current, electric field, electric potential and potential difference. It introduces Ohm's law and discusses resistance, resistivity, and factors that affect resistance. It describes electric circuits and components for measuring current and voltage. It explains how resistances can be combined in series or parallel and compares the key differences between series and parallel circuits.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in electricity including:
1. Electric current is the flow of electrons through a conductor. Current is measured in amperes and flows from positive to negative terminals.
2. An electric circuit is a closed loop that allows current to flow. A circuit includes a power source, conducting wires, and components like light bulbs.
3. Resistance is a material's opposition to current flow. It is measured in ohms and depends on a material's length, cross-sectional area, and resistivity.
Electricity involves the flow of electric charge through conductors. Some key concepts covered in the document include:
1. Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor. It is measured in amperes.
2. An electric circuit is a closed loop through which electric current can flow. Resistance opposes the flow of current.
3. Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied and inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor. Power is equal to voltage times current.
4. Resistors dissipate electrical energy as heat due to resistance. The amount of heat generated depends on factors like current, resistance, and time based on
Electricity and its uses were presented. Electricity flows as an electric current from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of a circuit. Current is measured in Amperes and is proportional to the amount of charge flowing across a conductor per unit time. There are two types of electric charge: positive and negative. Opposite charges attract while like charges repel. Electric circuits use symbols to represent components and diagrams to show how components are connected. Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it. Resistance opposes the flow of current and can be measured in Ohms.
This document discusses key concepts related to electricity including current, potential, electromotive force, internal resistance of cells, resistance of conductors, Ohm's law, resistivity, conductivity, and combinations of resistors. It defines current as the rate of flow of charge and describes how current, potential, resistance, and resistivity are calculated. It also explains how resistance and resistivity change with temperature and the formulas for calculating equivalent resistance when resistors are combined in series or parallel.
- The document provides an overview of key concepts related to electric current and circuits, including Ohm's law, resistance, current, voltage, power, and Kirchhoff's laws.
- It defines key terms, formulas, and units such as amps, volts, ohms, watts, and explains relationships like current being directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance.
- Examples are given of circuit calculations and different ways circuits can be connected, such as series and parallel, and how this affects equivalent resistance.
This document discusses key concepts in medical physics related to electric current and circuits. It begins by defining electric current as the flow of charge and discusses its units. It then explains how potential difference and a conduction pathway are needed to produce current. Electromotive force is introduced as the maximum potential difference provided by a battery due to chemical reactions. Ohm's law relates current, voltage, and resistance. Resistors in series and parallel are examined. Alternating current is also covered.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in electric circuits including:
- Defining voltage, current, resistance, power and energy.
- Describing DC circuits and stating Ohm's law.
- Explaining series, parallel and combination connections of resistors.
- Describing Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction and Fleming's right hand rule.
- Explaining the working of single loop AC generators and terms related to AC circuits.
- Briefly explaining AC through resistance, inductance and capacitance.
Ohm's law states that the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, provided all physical conditions and temperatures remain constant. Resistance is a measure of opposition to current flow and depends on the material, length, and cross-sectional area of the conductor. The heating effect of electric current is used in various appliances like electric bulbs, heaters, and irons where a conductor is heated by the passage of current. Electric power is defined as the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by a circuit and is measured in watts.
1. Electric current is the flow of electric charge, usually carried by moving electrons through a conductor. The direction of conventional current is opposite to the direction of electron flow.
2. An electric circuit is a closed path formed by conductors through which electric current can flow.
3. Resistance is a property of conductors that opposes the flow of electric current. The resistance of a conductor depends on its material, length, and cross-sectional area.
Current Electricity and Effects of CurrentOleepari
Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance, Resistivity,
Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors,
parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric
current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R
This document provides an overview of key concepts in electricity including:
1. Electric charge can be positive (protons) or negative (electrons) and is quantized. The elementary charge is the charge of a single electron or proton.
2. Current is the flow of electric charge in a conductor over time. It is measured in amperes. Ohm's law defines the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance.
3. Resistance depends on factors like material and dimensions. Resistors can be connected in series or parallel configurations.
4. Electric potential difference is the work required to move a charge between two points. It is measured in volts.
5. Electric circuits require
1. Electric current is the flow of electrons through a conductor. It is measured in amperes (A) and is caused by a potential difference provided by a cell or battery.
2. Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it, provided the temperature remains constant. It can be expressed as V=IR, where V is the potential difference, I is the current, and R is the resistance of the conductor.
3. The resistance of a conductor depends on its length, cross-sectional area, and material. Resistance increases with length and decreases with cross-sectional area. Materials like metals have low resistivity while insulators have high resistivity.
This document discusses Ohm's Law, which states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied. It defines key terms like voltage, current, and resistance. Voltage is defined as the energy required to move a charge, measured in Volts. Current is the flow of electrons through a circuit, measured in Amperes. Resistance is a material's opposition to current flow, measured in Ohms. Ohm's Law establishes the formula V=IR, where voltage equals current times resistance. Resistors that obey Ohm's Law linearly are called ohmic resistors. The document provides an example circuit calculation to demonstrate the relationships between voltage and current in linear resistors.
Electricity is the flow of electrons through a conductor. Current is measured in amperes and defined as the flow of 1 coulomb of charge per second. Resistance is a property that impedes current flow and is measured in ohms. Ohm's law states that current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance. Circuits can have resistors in series or parallel. Power is the rate at which electrical energy is converted into another form and is measured in watts. Heat is produced when current passes through a resistor due to its resistance.
Electricity is the flow of electrons through a conductor. Current is measured in amperes and defined as the flow of 1 coulomb of charge per second. Resistance is a property that impedes current flow and is measured in ohms. Ohm's law states that current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance. Circuit diagrams use symbols to represent components like cells, resistors, and ammeters. Resistors in series have the same current but added voltages, while resistors in parallel have the same voltage but added currents. Electrical power is the rate at which electrical energy is converted into other forms and is measured in watts.
1. A TV set, a stove and a flatiron are connected in series to a 220-V line. The resistance of the TV set is 20-ohms, the stove 50-ohms, and the flatiron 35-ohms. Find a) the total resistance, b) the amount of current flowing each device and c) the voltage drop across each device.
This document provides a summary of key concepts in electricity including:
1. Electric current is the flow of electrons through a conductor measured in amperes. Current flows from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of a battery.
2. Potential difference is the difference in electric potential provided by a battery that causes electric current. It is measured in volts.
3. An electric circuit is a continuous loop through which electric current can flow, including components like batteries, wires, switches, and resistors.
This document provides a summary of key concepts in electricity including:
1. Electric current is the flow of electrons through a conductor measured in amperes. Current flows from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of a battery.
2. Potential difference is the difference in electric potential provided by a battery that causes electric current. It is measured in volts.
3. An electric circuit is a continuous loop through which electric current can flow, including components like batteries, wires, switches, and resistors.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
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analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
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'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
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Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
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Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
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changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
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help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
2. Types of charges
• There are two types of charges :-
• Positive charge :- These are made of sub atomic particle
proton.
• Negative charge :- These are made of negative sub atomic
particle electron.
3. S.I. unit of charge
• The S.I. unit of charge is coulomb.
• An electron posses a negative charge of 1.5 x 10-19.
• The S.I. unit of one coulomb is equivalent to the charge
containing 6.25 x 10-18.
4. Conductors and Insulators
Conductors
• These substance have the
property to conduct electricity
through them.
• These have free or loosely held
electrons which helps in
conducting electricity.
• Example – copper.
Insulators
• These substance have the property
to obstruct the flow of electricity.
• These do not have free electrons
present in them.
• Example – Rubber Insulation.
5. Electric potential
• When a small electric charge is placed in the electric field
due to another charge, it experiences a force. So, work has
to be done on the positive charge to move it against this
force of repulsion.
• The electric potential is defined as the work done in
moving a unit positive charge fro infinity to that point.
6. Potential Difference
• The concept of electric potential is closely linked to that of the
electric field. A small charge placed within an electric field
experiences a force, and to have brought that charge to that
point against the force requires work. The electric potential at
any point is defined as the energy required to bring a unit test
charge from an infinite distance slowly to that point.
• It is usually measured in volts, and one volt is the potential
for which one joule of work must be expended to bring a
charge of one coulomb from infinity.
7. Potential difference =
𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒
𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑
.
or, V =
𝑊
𝑄
.
where W = work done.
and Q = quantity of charge moved.
S.I. unit of potential difference is volt.
thus 1 volt =
1 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒
1 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑏
.
8. Voltmeter
• A voltmeter is an instrument
used for measuring electrical
potential difference between
two points in an electric
circuit.
• Voltmeter has a high
resistance so that it takes
negligible current.
9. Electric Current
• The movement of electric charge is known as an electric
current, the intensity of which is usually measured
in amperes. Current can consist of any moving charged
particles; most commonly these are electrons, but any
charge in motion constitutes a current.
• 1 ampere =
1 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑏
1 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
.
10. Ammeter
• An ammeter is a measuring
instrument used to measure
the electric current in a circuit.
Electric currents are measured
in amperes (A), hence the name.
• An ammeter should have a very
low resistance so that it may not
change the value of current
flowing in the circuit.
11. Circuit Diagram
• We know that an electric circuit, as shown in Fig. 12.1,
comprises a cell(or a battery), a plug key, electrical
component(s), and connecting wires. It is often convenient to
draw a schematic diagram, in which different components of
the circuit are represented by the symbols conveniently used.
Conventional symbols used to represent some of the most
commonly used electrical components.
12.
13. Georg Ohm
• Georg Simon Ohm (16 March 1789 – 6
July 1854) was a German physicist and
mathematician. As a school teacher, Ohm
began his research with the
new electrochemical cell, invented by
Italian scientist Alessandro Volta. Using
equipment of his own creation, Ohm
found that there is a direct proportionality
between the potential difference (voltage)
applied across a conductor and the
resultant electric current. This
relationship is known as Ohm's law.
14. Ohm’s Law
• Ohm’s Law explains the relationship between voltage (V
or E), current (I) and resistance (R)
• Used by electricians, automotive technicians, stereo
installers.
• According to Ohm’s law : At constant temperature, the
current flowing through a conductor is directly
proportional to the potential difference across its end.
15. • According to Ohm’s law:
V ∝ I
or, V= R x I.
where R is constant “resistance” of the conductor.
This can also be written as –
or, I =
𝑉
𝑅
.
So, Current, I =
𝑉
𝑅
.
Therefore,
i. The current is directly proportional to potential difference.
ii. The current is inversely proportional to resistance.
16. Resistance
• An electron traveling through the wires and loads of the
external circuit encounters resistance. Resistance is the
hindrance to the flow of charge. For an electron, the journey
from terminal to terminal is not a direct route. Rather, it is a
zigzag path that results from countless collisions with fixed
atoms within the conducting material. The electrons encounter
resistance - a hindrance to their movement.
• The S.I. unit of resistance is ohm’s (Ω).
17. Factors affecting Resistance
i. Length of conductor.
ii. Area of cross section of the conductor (or thickness of
the conductor).
iii. Nature of the material of the conductor, and
iv. Temperature of conductor.
18. Resistivity
• It has been found by experiments that :
• The resistivity of a given of a given conductor is directly proportional
to its length.
R ∝ l ……………..(1)
• The resistivity of a given conductor is inversely proportional to its
area of cross section.
R ∝ 1/A …………… (2)
Combining (1) and (2), we get :
R ∝ l/A
R =𝑝 ×
𝑙
𝐴
………………….(3)
19. • Where p(rho) is a constant known as resistivity of the material.
• The resistivity of a substance is numerically equal to the resistance of
a rod of that substance which is 1 meter long and 1 square meter in
cross section.
• Resistivity, p =
𝑅 𝑥 𝐴
𝑙
.
• The unit of resistance R is ohm.
• The unit of area of cross-section A is (meter)2.
• The unit of length l is meter.
putting these unit in the above equation –
p =
𝑜ℎ𝑚 × 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 2
𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
.
p = ohm-meter.
The S.I. unit of resistivity is ohm-meter (Ωm)
21. • The resistivity of alloys are much more than those of pure
metals (from which they are made).
• For example the resistivity of maganine (which is an
alloy of copper, manganese and nickel)is about 25 times
more than that of copper.
• Alloys are used in making heating a materials as –
i. Alloys have very high resistivity (due to which heating
elements produce a lot of heat on passing current).
ii. Alloys do not undergo oxidation easily even at high
temprature.
23. Resistors in Series
• When two (or more) resistors are connected end to end
consecutively, they are said to be connected in series.
• According to the law of combination of resistance in
series: The combined resistance of any number of
resistances connected in series is equal to the sum of
the individual resistances.
R= R1 +R2 +R3+………..
24. I. When a number of resistors connected in series are
joined to the terminal of a battery, then each resistance
has a different potential difference across its ends
(which depends on the value of resistance). But the total
potential difference across all the ends of all the resistors
in series is equal.
II. When a number of resistors are connected in series, then
the same current flows through each resistance.
25. Resultant of Resistances connected in
Series
• The figure shows three resistances R1,R2,R3 connected in series. Now suppose
potential difference across resistance R1 is V1 , R2 is V2 and R3 is V3. Let
potential difference across battery be V, then :
V = V1+V2+V3.
Applying Ohm’s law to the whole circuit : V = IR. ………..(1)
Applying Ohm’s law to the three resistors separately, we get:
V1 = I x R1. ………………….. (2)
V2 = I x R2. ………………….. (3)
V3 = I x R3. ………………….. (4)
Substituting (2), (3), (4) in (1)
IR = IR1 + IR2+ IR3
OR, IR= I (R1+R2+R3)
Or, R = R1+R2+R3 .
Therefore we conclude that the sum total resistance in a series resistance
connection is equal to the sum of all the resistances.
26. Resistors in Parallel
• When two (or more) resistors are connected between the same
points, they are said to be connected in parallel.
• According to the law of combination of resistance in parallel:
The reciprocal of the combined resistance of any number
of resistances connected in parallel is equal to the sum of
the reciprocals of the individual resistances.
1/R= 1/R1 +1/R2 +1/R3+………..
• When a number of resistances are connected in parallel then
their combined resistance is less than the smallest individual
resistance.
27. • When a number of resistance are connected in parallel, then the
potential difference across each resistance is same which is equal
to the voltage of battery applied.
• When a number of resistances connected in parallel are joined to
the two terminals of a battery, then different amounts of current
flow through each resistance (which depend on the value of
resistance). But the current flowing through each parallel
resistance, taken together, is equal to the current flowing in the
circuit as a whole. Thus, when a number of resistance are
connected in parallel, then the sum of current flowing through all
the resistances is equal to the total current flowing in the circuit.
28. Resultant of Resistances connected in
Parallel
• The figure shows three resistances R1,R2,R3 connected in series. Now suppose
currant across resistance R1 is I1 , R2 is I2 and R3 is I3. Let total current in the
circuit be I, then:
I = I1+I2+I3.
Applying Ohm’s law to the whole circuit : I = V/R. ………..(1)
Applying Ohm’s law to the three resistors separately, we get:
I1 = V / R1. ………………….. (2)
I2 = V / R2. ………………….. (3)
I3 = V / R3. ………………….. (4)
Substituting (2), (3), (4) in (1)
V/R = V/R1 + V/R2+ V/R3
OR, V/R= I (1/R1 +1/R2 + 1/R3)
Or, 1/R = 1/R1+1/R2+1/R3 .
Therefore we conclude that the sum total resistance in a parallel resistance
connection is equal to the sum of reciprocal of all the resistances.
29. Parallel and Series connection
Parallel connection
• If one electric appliance stops working due
to some defect, then all other appliances
keep working normally.
• In parallel circuits, each electric appliance
has its own switch due to which it can be
turned on or off independently.
• Each appliance gets same voltage as that
of power source.
• Overall resistance of household circuit is
reduced due to which the current from
power supply is high.
Series connection
• If one electric appliance stop working due
to some defect, then all other appliances
stop working.
• All the electric appliances have only one
switch due to which they cannot be turned
on or off separately.
• In series circuit, the appliances do not get
same voltage (220 V) as that of the power
supply line.
• In series circuit the overall resistance of
the circuit increases due to which the
current from the power source is low.
30. Heating effect of electric current
• When electricity passes through a high resistance wire like
a nichrome wire, the resistance wire becomes very hot and
produces heat. This is called the heating effect of current.
31. James Prescott Joule
James Prescott Joule (24 December 1818 – 11 October
1889) was an English physicist and brewer, born in Salford,
Lancashire. Joule studied the nature of heat, and discovered
its relationship to mechanical work. This led to the law of
conservation of energy, and this led to the development of
the first law of thermodynamics. The SI derived unit of
energy, the joule, is named for James Joule. He worked
with Lord Kelvin to develop the absolute scale
of temperature. Joule also made observations of
magnetostriction, and he found the relationship between
the current through a resistor and the heat dissipated, which
is now called Joule's first law.
32. Joule’s law of heating
Let
An electric current I is flowing through a resistor having resistance equal to R.
The potential difference through the resistor is equal to V.
The charge Q flows through the circuit for the time t.
Thus, work done in moving of charge Q of potential difference V = VQ
Since, this charge Q flows through the circuit for time t,
33. • The heat produced in wire is directly proportional to
i. Square of current.
ii. Resistance of wire.
iii. Time for which current is passed.
34. Applications of heating effect of electric
current
There are many practical uses of heating effect of current. Some of the most common are as follows.
• An incandescent light bulb glows when the filament is heated by heating effect of current, so hot
that it glows white with thermal radiation (also called blackbody radiation).
• Electric stoves and other electric heaters usually work by heating effect of current.
• Soldering irons and cartridge heaters are very often heated by heating effect of current.
• Electric fuses rely on the fact that if enough current flows, enough heat will be generated to melt
the fuse wire.
• Electronic cigarettes usually work by heating effect of current, vaporizing propylene glycol and
vegetable glycerin.
• Thermistors and resistance thermometers are resistors whose resistance changes when the
temperature changes. These are sometimes used in conjunction with heating effect of current(also
called self-heating in this context): If a large current is running through the nonlinear resistor, the
resistor's temperature rises and therefore its resistance changes. Therefore, these components can be
used in a circuit-protection role similar to fuses, or for feedback in circuits, or for many other
purposes. In general, self-heating can turn a resistor into a nonlinear and hysteretic circuit element.
35. Electric Energy
• H = I2 Rt gives the rate at which electric energy is dissipated or consumed in an electric
circuit. This is also termed as electric power. The power P is given by
P = VI
Or P = I2R = V2/R
• The SI unit of electric power is watt (W). It is the power consumed by a device that carries 1
A of current when operated at a potential difference of 1 V. Thus,
1 W = 1 volt × 1 ampere = 1 V A
• The unit ‘watt’ is very small. Therefore, in actual practice we use a much larger unit called
‘kilowatt’. It is equal to 1000 watts. Since electrical energy is the product of power and time,
the unit of electric energy is, therefore, watt hour (W h). One watt hour is the energy
consumed when 1 watt of power is used for 1 hour. The commercial unit of electric energy is
kilowatt hour (kW h), commonly known as ‘unit’.
1 kW h = 1000 watt × 3600 second
= 3.6 × 106 watt second
= 3.6 × 106 joule (J)