The document summarizes the history of physical fitness and education from ancient Greece and Rome to modern times. In ancient Greece, gymnastics and music were emphasized for boys' education and development. Military training in ancient Rome also focused on physical prowess through gymnastics. Over time, organizations like the YMCA and expansion of public schooling helped establish physical education programs and activities. Today, while technology has reduced physical activity for some, fitness remains important for health and quality of life.
Historical background AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Primitive society
primitive man moved in order to satisfy a felt need or a necessity. He had to satisfy his hunger and so he had to search for food by hunting wild animals in the forests or by fishing along the rivers and streams.
the physical activities of primitive man were not organized. His motives for physical activity were mainly to search for food and to protect himself from his enemies.
Ancient oriental and Near East Countries
Ancient China
India
Ancient Egypt, Assyria, Babylonia,Syria, Palestine, and Persia
Ancient China
This policy of isolation lacked the motivating factor to be physically strong because there was no fear of aggression.
they neglected their physical body to something they believed was more important and which is the spirit. As early as 2698 B.C., the “Kung-Fu” was the earliest of exercises recorded in history.
India
like that of ancient China, the religious life of the people affected their concern for their physical well-being.
a great contribution of India to physical education is “Yoga” which composed of exercises in posture and regulated breathing. Although Yoga is a religious activity in India, it is being accepted today as important activity to discipline the mind and the body because it involves 84 different positions.
Ancient Egypt, Assyria, Babylonia, Syria, Palestine, and Persia
these country marked the turning point in the history of physical education in the ancient near east.
the Egyptians believed in living a full life.
this meant a life full of physical activity. The Egyptian young boys were instructed in the use of weapons of war, such as the bow and arrow, lance, and shield.
they engaged in many sports and gymnastics exercise.
Physical Education in European Countries
Physical Education in Greece
Physical Education in Rome
Physical Education in Germany
Physical Education in Philippines
Physical Education in Greece
The two city states in ancient Greece which gave much importance to ancient Greece, were the Sparta and Athens.
in Sparta, the main objective of physical education was contribute to a strong and powerful army.
While in Athens, the individual’s life was not controlled and regulated as in Sparta, and one enjoyed individual freedom.
The objective of physical education was for physical perfection with emphasis on beauty of physique.
Greece laid the foundation for the present Olympic games which were first held in 776 B.C. and continued every four years thereafter. A number of Greek philosophers, teachers, and medical men contributed to the worth of physical education and among them were the following:
Herodotus
Galen
Hippocrates
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Xenophon
Physical Education in Rome
Army life was considered very important to the Romans and considere
Historical background AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Primitive society
primitive man moved in order to satisfy a felt need or a necessity. He had to satisfy his hunger and so he had to search for food by hunting wild animals in the forests or by fishing along the rivers and streams.
the physical activities of primitive man were not organized. His motives for physical activity were mainly to search for food and to protect himself from his enemies.
Ancient oriental and Near East Countries
Ancient China
India
Ancient Egypt, Assyria, Babylonia,Syria, Palestine, and Persia
Ancient China
This policy of isolation lacked the motivating factor to be physically strong because there was no fear of aggression.
they neglected their physical body to something they believed was more important and which is the spirit. As early as 2698 B.C., the “Kung-Fu” was the earliest of exercises recorded in history.
India
like that of ancient China, the religious life of the people affected their concern for their physical well-being.
a great contribution of India to physical education is “Yoga” which composed of exercises in posture and regulated breathing. Although Yoga is a religious activity in India, it is being accepted today as important activity to discipline the mind and the body because it involves 84 different positions.
Ancient Egypt, Assyria, Babylonia, Syria, Palestine, and Persia
these country marked the turning point in the history of physical education in the ancient near east.
the Egyptians believed in living a full life.
this meant a life full of physical activity. The Egyptian young boys were instructed in the use of weapons of war, such as the bow and arrow, lance, and shield.
they engaged in many sports and gymnastics exercise.
Physical Education in European Countries
Physical Education in Greece
Physical Education in Rome
Physical Education in Germany
Physical Education in Philippines
Physical Education in Greece
The two city states in ancient Greece which gave much importance to ancient Greece, were the Sparta and Athens.
in Sparta, the main objective of physical education was contribute to a strong and powerful army.
While in Athens, the individual’s life was not controlled and regulated as in Sparta, and one enjoyed individual freedom.
The objective of physical education was for physical perfection with emphasis on beauty of physique.
Greece laid the foundation for the present Olympic games which were first held in 776 B.C. and continued every four years thereafter. A number of Greek philosophers, teachers, and medical men contributed to the worth of physical education and among them were the following:
Herodotus
Galen
Hippocrates
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Xenophon
Physical Education in Rome
Army life was considered very important to the Romans and considere
The five components of health related fitnessDavid Stoffel
Physical Fitness is Defined as "A Set Of Attributes That People Have Or Achieve That Relates to the Ability to Perform Physical Activity".
In other words, It is more than being able to run a long distance or lift a lot of weight at the gym.
Being Fit is not defined only by what kind of activity you do, how long you do it, or at what level of intensity.
- define PE according to ANDIN 1988
- Objectives of PE
- Differentiate physlcal activity to exercise
- define Physical Fitness
- Components of Physical fitness
The five components of health related fitnessDavid Stoffel
Physical Fitness is Defined as "A Set Of Attributes That People Have Or Achieve That Relates to the Ability to Perform Physical Activity".
In other words, It is more than being able to run a long distance or lift a lot of weight at the gym.
Being Fit is not defined only by what kind of activity you do, how long you do it, or at what level of intensity.
- define PE according to ANDIN 1988
- Objectives of PE
- Differentiate physlcal activity to exercise
- define Physical Fitness
- Components of Physical fitness
Physical education and health are crucial aspects of a student's education, focusing on activities like fitness, sports, and healthy eating habits. These subjects lay the groundwork for effective teaching. Future teachers must grasp the subject's importance, as it contributes to students' overall well-being and future success. This lesson delves into the foundations of physical education and health, addressing essential concepts in these areas.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. ● Major influence on physical development
● The main elements in Greek boys were gymnastics and
music
● Gymnastics had a wide variety of physical activities and
sports
● Greek boys were encouraged to become athletes so
they could compete in games
● The greek boys competing in sports made up a greek
sporting calendar with a number of games
Greece
3. ● Military training was important to Roman life
● The education for boys going to the military slanted in obedience,
discipline, and physical prowess which all add up to gymnastics
● On November 27,1885 in Roman, people formed an Association for
the Advancement of Physical Activity because there were no specific
groups for any physical activity
● Dr. Edward Hitchcock founded the first college department of physical
education at Amherst College
Roman
4. ● The YMCA began in England in 1844
● It was devoted to character education and physical activity
● In 1851 the first American YMCA was formed in Boston
YMCA
5. ● In 1901 the first masters degree program in physical education started
at Teachers College in Colombia
● In 1903 Delphine Hanna appointed first female full professor of
physical education
● in 1908 the first high school swimming pool was built in Detroit
● In 1911 the National Park service was formed which is known as an
agency of the United States federal government that manages all U.S.
national parks, many american national monuments, and other
conservation and historical properties with various title designations.
Expansion of Public Schooling
6. ● Today there is not many physically active people
● due to videogames and television some people don’t have the
motivation
● Physical and mental fitness play very important roles in your lives and
people who are both, physically and mentally fit are less prone to
medical conditions as well
● A person who is fit is capable of living life to its fullest extent
● Some modern physical activities include walking, running, sports
(baseball, football, cheerleading, swimming, etc.), working
out/exercising, and many more.
Modern Physical Activity
