The document provides historical context on the development of linguistic ideas in Arabic and Hebrew traditions as well as during the Middle Ages in Europe. It discusses how Arabic grammarians sought to explain and preserve the perfection of the Qur'an, leading to analysis of morphology. For Hebrew grammarians, the focus was establishing the biblical text, with translation bringing linguistic study. In the Middle Ages, Latin dominated and Bible translation influenced work on universal grammar and linking language to reality through Modistae theological analyses.

1. LINGÜÍSTICA – LINGUISTICS – LINGUISTIQUE – 语言学 – בלשנות - 言語学 – भाषा वैज्ञान - علم اللغة - LINGÜÍSTICA A BRIEF HISTORY Arabic and Hebrew Traditions, Middle ages.

3. The Arabic Tradition

11. Muslim Empire

14. The Hebraic Tradition

16. The Cave of the Patriarchs or the Cave of Machpelah (Hebrew: מערת המכפלה ,

24. The Middle Ages